Résumé
Abstract Cultural foundations, beliefs and associated ritual practices delimit the relation to and the representation and lived experience of the body in specific ways. Language is the means through which the cultural specificity of both individual and shared mental content can be explored and worked with in therapy. This article presents beliefs about the body in a patient's religion of origin and takes up the question of the role of the cultural dimension in psychosomatic phenomena. A case report gives indications of a novel therapeutic approach to this theme and highlights the intrinsic connection between cultural belonging and embodiment. Both the two-year long clinical intervention and analysis are grounded in transcultural and psychodynamic theories. The analysis shows how important it is to be aware of the patients' cultural background and the resonance of history in the patients' civilization.
Resumo Bases culturais, crenças e práticas rituais associadas delimitam a relação, a representação e a experiência vivida do corpo de formas específicas. A linguagem é o meio através do qual a especificidade cultural dos conteúdos mentais individuais e partilhados podem ser explorados e trabalhados em terapia. Este artigo apresenta as crenças sobre o corpo segundo a religião de origem de um paciente e levanta a questão do papel da dimensão cultural no fenômeno psicossomático. Um relato de caso dá indicações de uma nova abordagem terapêutica para esse tema e destaca a conexão intrínseca entre pertencimento cultural e corporificação. Tanto a intervenção clínica, que durou dois anos, como a análise fundamentaram-se nas teorias transcultural e psicodinâmica. A análise demonstra como é importante estar ciente sobre o contexto cultural dos pacientes e sobre a ressonância da história na civilização dos pacientes.
Résumé
Aedes albopictus was responsible for transmission in the first outbreak of chikungunya (CHIK) on La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean, in 2005-2006. The magnitude of the outbreak on this island, which had been free of arboviral diseases for over 30 years, as well as the efficiency of Ae. albopictus as the main vector, raises questions about the maintenance of the CHIK virus (CHIKV) through vertical transmission mechanisms. Few specimens collected from the field as larvae were found to be infected. In this study, Ae. albopictus originating from La Réunion were orally infected with a blood-meal containing 10(8) pfu/mL of the CHIKV epidemic strain (CHIKV 06.21). Eggs from the first and second gonotrophic cycles were collected and raised to the adult stage. The infectious status of the progeny was checked (i) by immunofluorescence on head squashes of individual mosquitoes to detect the presence of viral particles or (ii) by quantitative RT-PCR on mosquito pools to detect viral RNA. We analysed a total of 1,675 specimens from the first gonotrophic cycle and 1,709 from the second gonotrophic cycle without detecting any viral particles or viral RNA. These laboratory results are compared to field records.
Sujets)
Animaux , Aedes/virologie , Virus du chikungunya/pathogénicité , Vecteurs insectes/virologie , Infections à alphavirus/transmission , Virus du chikungunya/physiologie , Technique d'immunofluorescence , Océan Indien , Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse , RT-PCR , ARN viral/analyseRésumé
A formiga exótica Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger), principalmente conhecida do Hemisfério Norte, é registrada pela primeira vez na América do Sul, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (22°43'S 44°08'W; 22°24'S 47°49'W) e na Ilha da Reunião no Oceano Índico (20°10'S 55°3'E). H. puntatissima possui a maior distribuição geográfica dos Formicidae, sendo presente em muitas ilhas continentais e oceânicas e em todas as regiões continentais com a exceção da Antártida e do Oriente. As razões do sucesso ecológico de H. puntatissima são discutidas.
The tramp ant Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger), mostly known from the Northern Hemisphere, is reported for the first time from South America in the state of São Paulo, Brazil (22°43'S 44°08'W; 22°24'S 47°49'W), and Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean (20°10'S 55°3'E). H. punctatissima has the widest distribution within Formicidae, being present on many oceanic and continental islands and in all continental regions except Antarctica and the Orient. Reasons for the ecological success of H. punctatissima are discussed.