A história pregressa da criança e o processo de revelação da adoção, na perspectiva de pais adotivos / The child's history past and the adoption revelation process, from the perspective of adoptive parents / La historia pasada del niño y el proceso de revelación de la adopción, desde la perspectiva de los padres adoptivos

O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender a história pregressa da criança e o processo de revelação da adoção na perspectiva de pais adotivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, que utilizou como método o estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com duas mães e um pai adotivos. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise do conteúdo de Minayo. Observou-se que as histórias das crianças e/ou o acesso dos pais a essas, mostraram-se com questões muito particulares, mediante a disponibilidade dos órgãos de proteção em passar informações sobre esse passado. A maioria dos pais demonstrou interesse em revelar a adoção, entretanto, a questão apareceu vinculada a insegurança, posto que, além de não terem tido acesso a informações sobre a história pregressa de seus filhos, os pais demonstraram dificuldades em lidar com o passado da criança, dados que revelam a importância do psicólogo para auxiliar adotantes na elaboração de conteúdos vinculados a experiência adotiva, dentre eles, suas próprias angustias vinculadas ao medo de perder seu filho, em virtude da camuflagem: família biológica x família adotiva.

This article aimed to understand the child's past history and the process of revelation of adoption from the perspective of adoptive parents. It is a research field qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, which used the case study as a method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two adoptive mothers and fathers. The results were analyzed through of the analysis of the content of Minayo. It was observed that the children's stories and/or the parents' access to them, showed themselves with very particular issues, due to the availability of the protection organs, associated with the cases, to pass on information about this past. Most parents showed interest in revealing the adoption, however, the issue was linked to insecurity, since, in addition to not having access to information about their children's previous story, parents showed difficulties in dealing with the child's past, data that reveal the importance of the psychologist to assist adopters in the elaboration of contents linked to the adoptive experience, among them, yours anxieties linked to the fear of losing their child, due to the camouflage: biological family x adoptive family.

Buscamos entender cómo los padres adoptivos significan la historia pasada de los niños y su revelación. Se trata de una investigación de campo cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, que utilizó el estudio de caso como método. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con dos madres y padres adoptivos. Los datos fueron analizados a la luz del análisis del contenido de Minayo. Se observó que las historias de los niños y/o el acceso de los padres a ellas, se mostraron con problemáticas muy particulares, debido a la disponibilidad de los órganos de protección, asociados a los casos, para transmitir información sobre este pasado. La mayoría de los padres mostraron interés en revelar la adopción, sin embargo, el problema parecía estar relacionado con la inseguridad, ya que, además de no tener acceso a información sobre la historia pasada de sus hijos, los padres demostraron dificultades para lidiar con el pasado del niño, datos que revelan la importancia del psicólogo para ayudar a los adoptantes en la elaboración de contenidos vinculados a la experiencia adoptiva, entre ellos, sus propias ansiedades ligadas al miedo a perder a su hijo, debido al camuflaje: familia biológica x familia adoptiva.

The value of case analysis combined with role revelation method in cultivating thinking ability of surgical nursing training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the value of case analysis combined with role revelation in cultivating thinking ability of surgical nursing training.Methods:A total of 87 newly recruited nurses who needed to rotate in the surgical system of Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi Medical University from January 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into control group ( n=43) and study group ( n=44). The control group used traditional teaching, and the study group used case analysis combined with role revelation. The clinical thinking ability of nurses was evaluated by written examination of clinical thinking ability and clinical thinking ability score table. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test. Results:The scores of written examination of clinical thinking ability (history collection, preliminary clinical diagnosis, preliminary nursing measures, auxiliary examination interpretation, comprehensive analysis of diagnosis and treatment process, nursing and discharge diagnosis, and health education) of nurses in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of clinical thinking ability (critical thinking ability, system thinking ability and evidence-based thinking ability) of nurses in the study group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Case analysis combined with role revelation in the surgical nursing training of new nurses is helpful to improve the trainees' clinical thinking ability.

The international experiences of Investigator-initiated Clinical Trials and implications / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To introduce the experience of international Investigator- initiated Clinical Trials (IIT), provide suggestions for the construction of IIT management system in China. Methods:Applying the literature review research methodologies to analyze the document materials, five aspects including the funding source, technical support, personnel training, management mechanism and policy assurance were analyzed.Comparison was conducted to identify possible problems existed in Chinese IIT, and further explore possible lessons that we can learn in Chinese context.Results:Identified problems of Chinese IIT include insufficient funds, unsound scientific research design, imperfect data information system, lack of standard training for researchers, as well as the urgent need for more optimized whole-process management, quality control, and policy support.Conclusions:Suggested series of measurements that including expand the funding sources, improve the construction of scientific steering committee, improve the construction of data information platform at the national level, standardize the training of researchers, and update the operation mechanism and also the regulatory requirement are proposed to enhance the IIT research quality, as well as the IIT management.

Tradução do advocacy na preparação da família de criança com HIV/aids na produção de um vídeo para enfermeiras / Translating advocacy care on preparing families of children with HIV/AIDS on a video production for nurses

Introdução: Investigou-se a tradução do conhecimento sobre preparo de famílias na revelação do HIV/AIDS à criança, na linguagem de um curta-metragem destinado a enfermeiras. Tomou-se o modelo conceitual do conhecimento a ação da estratégia knowledge translation (tradução do conhecimento) para desenvolver os seguintes objetivos: a) selecionar narrativas de enfermeiras e familiares do banco de dados da pesquisa "Cuidado de Advocacia no preparo de famílias de crianças com HIV/AIDS: (im)possibilidade no fazer da enfermeira"; b) relacionar situações que requeiram preparo de famílias na revelação do HIV a essas crianças com os conteúdos científicos, a serem traduzidos no roteiro de um curta- metragem; c) descrever o processo de produção do curta-metragem sobre preparo de famílias crianças na revelação do HIV/AIDS à criança; d) avaliar o curta-metragem com enfermeiros e enfermeiras que interagem com famílias de crianças com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Estudo de inovação tecnológica aplicado à produção do curta-metragem "Nossas Histórias". Os procedimentos adotados foram: análise de discurso do banco de dados (conhecimentos de primeira geração); revisão integrativa (síntese do conhecimento de segunda geração); produção do roteiro e filmagem do curta-metragem (conhecimentos de terceira geração). A avaliação do produto, implicou em duas etapas. Quantitativa, com a aplicação da escala de Likert para validação interna do conteúdo do roteiro por 19 experts. Qualitativa, com o desenvolvimento do método da roda com 12 enfermeiros experts. Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos à análise estatística simples com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) de 0,80; os dados qualitativos, à análise de discurso (banco de dado) e análise temática (roda de conversa). Resultados: O conhecimento de primeira geração consistiu em cinco dramas contemplando famílias com estruturas homoafetiva feminina mista, heteroafetiva mista e monoparental estendida. O conhecimento de segunda geração resultou de revisões integrativas de quatro temas: aconselhamento para revelação do HIV na infância, o HIV e a comunicação de tema sensível, pistas de prontidão da criança para receber a informação de HIV e o estigma e preconceito na revelação. Como conhecimento de primeira e segunda geração, gerou-se um roteiro, que foi submetido à validação interna de conteúdo. O título (IVC=0,89); cenários da sala de espera, (IVC=0,84) e consultório de enfermagem (IVC= 0,94); personagens (IVC médio=0,94) e a consulta de enfermagem no desenvolvimento da história (IVC=0,89) foram validados. Dez de 12 temas abordados nas cenas foram validados. A produção do curta-metragem de seis minutos envolveu pré-produção, produção e pós- produção. Ele foi submetido à avaliação qualitativa, de onde emergiram três temas: o conjunto da ferramenta curta-metragem, indissociabilidade entre personagens e conteúdos e indissociabilidade entre personagem e técnica. Porque não foi aplicado pré-teste, o curta- metragem é um protótipo, podendo haver necessidades de ajustes para consumo do conhecimento na clínica do cuidado de advocacia. Considerações finais: Esta tese sustenta que o modelo conceitual do conhecimento à ação aplicado à produção de um curta-metragem, sobre preparo da família para revelar o HIV à criança soropositiva, traduziu dramas reais de famílias e enfermeiros e as melhores evidências científicas, com possibilidade de promover o cuidado de advocacia e o poder de ambos, no encontro terapêutico.

Introduction: we investigated knowledge translation on preparing families to disclose HIV to seropositive children in the language of a short film for nurses. We used the conceptual framework of knowledge to action from knowledge translation to develop the following aims: a) to select nurses and family narratives from the research database "Advocacy Care in the preparation of families of school-age children with HIV/AIDS: (im) possibility in the nurse's doing"; b) to relate situations that require preparation of families in the disclosure of HIV to these children with the scientific contents, to be translated in the script of a short film; c) to describe the process of production a short film about preparing families of children with HIV/AIDS; d) to evaluate the short film with nurses that interact with families of children with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Technological innovation applied to producing the short film "Our Stories". Procedures were: discourse analysis of the database (first-generation knowledge); integrative review (second-generation knowledge synthesis); producing a screenplay and filming of the short film (third-generation knowledge). Tool evaluation involved two steps. A quantitative one, with Likert scale applied to validate internal content from the screenplay with 19 experts. A qualitative one, with the conversation wheel method applied to 12 expert nurses. Quantitative data were submitted to simple statistical analysis with Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0,80; qualitative data were submitted to discourse analysis (database) and thematic analysis (conversation wheel). Results: The first-generation knowledge consisted of five dramas contemplating families with mixed female homo- affective, mixed hetero-affective and extended single-parent structures. Second-generation knowledge resulted from integrative reviews of four themes: counseling for HIV disclosure in childhood, HIV and sensitive subject communication, child readiness cues to receive HIV information, and stigma and prejudice on disclosure. Combining first and second-generation knowledge, we created a screenplay that was submitted to internal content validation. The title (CVI=0,89); waiting room (CVI=0,84) and nursing consultation room (CVI= 0,94) settings; characters (CVI=0,94) and nursing consultation in the development of the story (CVI=0,89) were validated. Ten of the 12 themes approached in the scenes were also validated. A six-minute short film was produced through three steps: pre-production, production and post-production. It was submitted to qualitative evaluation, from which three themes emerged: the short film tool set, inseparability between characters and contents and inseparability between characters and technique. The short film was considered a prototype because we did not apply a pre-test, thus, there might be the need to adjust it to knowledge consumption in the advocacy care clinic. Final considerations: This dissertation argues that applying the conceptual model of knowledge to action to produce a short film about the family's preparation to reveal HIV to the seropositive child contributed to translate real life dramas of families and nurses and the best scientific evidence to a tool that have the possibility to promote advocacy care and shared power in the therapeutic encounter between both.

Introduction: Dans cette thèse, est examinée la traduction des savoirs concernant la préparation des familles à la révélation à leur enfant de l'infection au VIH/Sida, sous la forme d'un court-métrage destiné aux infirmières. Le modèle conceptuel du savoir menant à l'action issu de la stratégie knowledge translation a été adopté pour développer les objectifs suivants: a)sélectionner des récits d'infirmières et de familles issus de la base de données de la recherche "Soin d'Advocacy dans la préparation des familles d'enfants porteurs du VIH/Sida: (im)possibilité de l'action de l'infirmière" b) mettre en relation des situations qui demandent la préparation des familles à la révélation du VIH à ces enfants avec des documents scientifiques, devant être traduits en scénario d'un court-métrage;c)décrire le processus de production du court-métrage à propos de la préparation des familles à la révélation du VIH/Sida à leur enfant;d)faire évaluer le court-métrage par des infirmiers et infirmières qui interagissent avec les familles d'enfant porteurs du VIH/Sida. Méthodologie:Étude de l'innovation technologique appliquée à la production du court-métrage "Nos Histoires".Les procédés adoptés furent: l'analyse de discours de la base de données (savoir de première génération); la méthode d'examen par intégration (synthèse du savoir de deuxième génération); la production du scénario et le tournage du court-métrage (savoir de troisième génération). L'évaluation du produit a été faite en deux étapes. Une étude quantitative, avec l'utilisation de l'Échelle de Likert, afin d'effectuer la validation interne du contenu du scénario auprès de 19 experts. Une étude qualitative avec le développement de la méthode de la table-ronde avec 12 personnels infirmiers experts.Les données quantitatives ont été soumises à une analyse statistique simple à partir d'une Indice de Validité de Contenu (IVC) de 0,80; les données qualitatives ont été soumises à une analyse de discours (base de données) et à une analyse thématique (discussion en table-ronde). Résultats: Le savoir de première génération est composé de cinq drames prenant place au sein de familles homo-affectives féminines mixtes, hétéro-affectives mixtes et mono-parentales élargies. Le savoir de deuxième génération a été produit à partir de l'examen par intégration de quatre thèmes: l'orientation pour la révélation du VIH pendant l'enfance, le VIH et la communication d'un thème sensible, les pistes autour de la préparation de l'enfant à la réception de l'information de l'infection au VIH et la stigmatisation et préjugé autour de la révélation. Un scénario a été élaboré à partir des connaissances de première et de deuxième génération, qui a été ensuite soumis à une analyse interne de contenu. Le titre (IVC=0,89); les décors des salles d'attente, (IVC=0,84) le cabinet de soins infirmiers (IVC= 0,94); les personnages (IVC moyen=0,94) et la consultation auprès du personnel infirmier pour le développement de l'histoire (IVC=0,89), ont été validés. Dix des douze thèmes abordés dans les scènes ont été validés. La production du court-métrage de six minutes a demandé une pré-production, une production et une post-production. Il a été soumis à une évaluation qualitative, qui a fait émerger trois thèmes : l'ensemble de l'outil court-métrage, l'indissociabilité des personnages et des contenus, et l'indissociabilité du personnage et de la technique. Étant donné qu'un test préalable n'a pas été appliqué, le court-métrage est un prototype, pouvant demander des ajustements nécessaires à l'utilisation des savoirs au sein de la clinique de soin d'advocacy. Conclusions : Cette thèse soutient que la base conceptuelle du savoir menant à l'action appliquée à la production d'un court-métrage abordant la préparation de la famille à la révélation de l'infection au VIH à leur enfant séropositif, a permis de retranscrire des drames réels liés aux familles et au personnel infirmier ainsi que des preuves scientifiques, qui permettent de promouvoir le soin d'advocacy, et le pouvoir que détiennent ces acteurs, lors de la rencontre thérapeuthique.

Efectos en el afrontamiento y soporte social ante la revelación de la homosexualidad a la familia: estudio comparativo en gais y lesbianas / Effects on coping and social support before the revelation of homosexuality to the family: a comparative study in gays and lesbians

Resumen Objetivo: El presente trabajo es resultado de una investigación que se realizó en las ciudades de Monclova y Saltillo en el estado de Coahuila, México, con el objetivo de indagar acerca de la autopercepción que tienen gais y lesbianas respecto de los efectos en su afrontamiento y del soporte social después de haber revelado su homosexualidad a la familia. Método: Para medir las variables de estudio se empleó la Batería de Evaluación Psicosocial de Sucesos Vital (Cantú y Álvarez, 2009; 2013), la cual se aplicó a 30 sujetos: 15 gais y 15 lesbianas. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva y comparando ambos grupos respecto a cada variable, a través de la prueba T de Student. Resultados: Respecto al afrontamiento y al soporte social no se encuentra diferencia significativa, mostrando ambos grupos estrategias de afrontamiento para resolver problemas. En cuanto al soporte social se encontraron diferencias significativas en dos ítems: "obtuve apoyo emocional de familiares que no viven en casa", y "tuve ayuda económica o de información de mi pareja en relación a la situación", y tanto lesbianas como gais encuentran mayor soporte social en amistades. Conclusiones: Hombres y mujeres tienen una consideración negativa de la homosexualidad, incluso aquellos que se reconocen como homosexuales; además, tanto gais como lesbianas encuentran mayor soporte fuera de la familia y concretamente en amistades. Por ello, en un inicio la revelación de la propia homosexualidad no suelen hacerla a la familia. Resulta necesario un proceso de reorganización del individuo, así como de la familia y del grupo social a fin de modificar la consideración negativa a priori dominante acerca de la homosexualidad.

Abstract Objective: This paper is the result of a research whose purpose is related to gays and lesbian's self-perception and their coping effects and social support after having revealed their homosexuality to their families. Method: Variables such as Psychosocial Assessment of Vital Events Battery (Cantú y Álvarez, 2009; 2013) was used to measure these variables. 30 individuals were sampled as follows: 15 gays and 15 lesbians. The data analysis was descriptive, where both groups for each variable were compared; Student's T test was used. Results: In relation with gays and lesbians' coping support, there is no significant differences, in the manner that show coping strategies to solve a situation which they consider a problem; also, in relation with social support, significant differences were found, both lesbians and gays find greater social support in friendships but not from their family, as follows : they got emotional support from family members who do not live with them; and they got financial aid and information help from their couples. Conclusions: Men and women have a negative opinion related to homosexuality, even those who are recognized as homosexual individual; both gays and lesbians receive more support from people outside the family that means friends. It is necessary to modify the negative and a priori concept of homo-sexuality considered by the society, that is why an individual, family and social group's re-organization process is required.

Suporte materno mediante o abuso sexual infantil: revisão de literatura / Support breast by sexual abuse child: a literature review / Soporte de mama por abuso sexual infantil: revisión de literatura

O suporte materno é fundamental para minimizar os efeitos traumáticos dos maus tratos infantis. Objetivou-se com este estudo investigar como as mães se comportam frente à revelação do abuso sexual contra seus filhos. Com base nas diretrizes do guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 1995 e 2015, nas bases de dados SciELO, BVS e Science Direct, usando os descritores "maternal support", "disclosure", "child sexual abuse" e "psychological assessment", "suporte materno", "denúncia", "abuso sexual infantil", "avaliação psicológica". Identificaram-se 80 artigos, sendo 17 incluídos neste estudo. Diante da revelação do abuso: i) as mães oferecem apoio às filhas e necessitam de suporte para prestar auxílio; ii) o uso de álcool e drogas, as ideias suicidas e homicidas são fatores contribuintes para a falta de assistência das mães. O suporte materno em situação de abuso sexual está relacionado à rede de apoio psicossocial oferecido (AU)

Breast support is critical to minimize the traumatic effects of child abuse. The objective of this study to investigate how mothers behave against the revelation of sexual abuse against children. Based on guidelines Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA selected articles published between 1995 and 2015, the SciELO databases, BVS and ScienceDirect, using the keywords "maternal support", "disclosure", "child sexual abuse" and "psychological assessment", "breast support", "complaint", "child sexual abuse", "psychological assessment". They identified 80 articles, 17 included in the study. At the revelation of abuse: i) mothers provide support and daughters need support to provide assistance; ii) the use of alcohol and drugs, suicidal and homicidal are contributing factors to the lack of care of mothers. Maternal support in sexual abuse situation is related to psychosocial support network offered (AU)

Apoyo a la lactancia es fundamental para minimizar los efectos traumáticos de abuso infantil. El objetivo de este estudio para investigar cómo las madres se comportan en contra de la revelación de abuso sexual contra los niños. Sobre la base de las directrices de informes preferidos Artículos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis de artículos publicados PRISMA seleccionado entre 1995 y 2015, las bases de datos SciELO, BVS y Science Direct, utilizando las palabras clave "apoyo materno", "divulgación", "sexual infantil abuso" y "evaluación psicológica", "apoyo a la lactancia", "queja", "abuso sexual infantil", "evaluación psicológica". Se identificaron 80 artículos, 17 incluidos en el estudio. En la revelación de abuso: i) las madres proporcionan apoyo e hijas necesitan apoyo para prestar asistencia; ii) el uso de alcohol y drogas, suicidio y homicidio son factores que contribuyen a la falta de cuidado de las madres. Apoyo materno en situación de abuso sexual está relacionada con la red de apoyo psicosocial ofrecido (AU).

História de um segredo: vicissitudes de uma metamorfose / History of a secret: vicissitudes of a metamorphosis

Partindo da semântica da palavra segredo, o artigo atravessa as dimensões de segredo e de secreto na psicanálise, passa pelo mito de Édipo como triplo enigma fundador e chega, por fim, ao filme-documentário História de um segredo. É através desta narrativa que a autora tece as vicissitudes da metamorfose implicada no complexo interjogo ocultamento/revelação, entrelaçando os paralelos com o processo analítico e seus segredos transfero-contratransferenciais.

Going on to address different dimensions of the secret in psychoanalysis, the paper travels via the myth of Oedipus as the founding tripartite enigma, arriving finally at the documentary film, History of a secret. Through this narrative, the author outlines the vicissitudes of the metamorphosis implicated in the interplay between secrecy and revelation, drawing parallels with the analytical process and its tranferencial and counter-transferential secrets.

Notícias difíceis e o posicionamento dos oncopediatras: revisão bibliográfica / Difficult news and the standpoint of pediatric oncologists: a bibliographical review

Com objetivo de discutir e compreender as experiências de oncopediatras diante da tarefa de comunicar notícias difíceis (ND) a pacientes e familiares procedeu-se uma revisão bibliográfica a partir das bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) que contém artigos divulgados por PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus e SciVerse, buscando a produção sobre o tema. Os artigos disponíveis, avaliados pela análise temática, evidenciam as seguintes questões: carência de estudos focando a percepção dos profissionais sobre as notícias difíceis; a comunicação como estratégia pela qual, aspectos psicossociais, culturais, bioéticos, legais e emocionais são tratados; expectativa de habilidades médicas para as quais esses profissionais não foram treinados. Observou-se também que informações e treinamento dos profissionais sobre estratégias a cerca dos modos de lidar com a comunicação de ND são insuficientes para acompanhar o dinamismo das ocorrências e das relações pessoais na área de oncologia onde o paciente costuma estar ou sentir-se em constante ameaça de vida.

In order to discuss and understand the experiences of oncologists faced with the task of communicating difficult news to children and their close family members, a bibliographical review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library databases containing the literature published by PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus and SciVerse with input on the theme. The articles available evaluated by thematic analysis reveal the following aspects: the lack of studies focusing on the perception of professionals about imparting difficult news; communication as a strategy by which psychosocial, cultural, bioethical, legal and emotional aspects are handled; that more is expected from physicians than they were trained for. It was also seen that the information and training of professionals in strategies regarding how to handle the communication of difficult news needs to be ongoing in order to keep up with the dynamism of the occurrences and the physician-patient relations in the oncological field in which patients tend to be or feel under constant life-threatening conditions.

A propósito de la ética en opiniones expertas y dictámenes psicológicos y psiquiátricos en casos sospecha de abuso sexual infantil: ¿al mejor postor? / About ethics in expert opinions and psychological and psychiatric reports in cases of suspicion of sexual abuse of a minor: to the highest bid?

Este ensayo hace una serie de reflexiones importantes acerca del papel del testigo experto y del consultor técnico privado en el campo de la Psicología y Psiquiatría Pericial, donde el testigo experto puede ser un útil educador del Tribunal, dando un marco del cuerpo de conocimientos existente acerca de la naturaleza del abuso sexual infantil, reacciones comunes de las víctimas, patrones de revelación, memoria y sugestibilidad de los niños, y pueden ayudar a evaluar objetivamente la credibilidad de casos particulares. Sin embargo, con mucha facilidad el testigo experto puede hacer que sus puntos de vista correspondan a los intereses de la parte que los contrata. Entonces el estatus del experto se convierte en el de un testigo cuyo fin es lograr la victoria de una de las partes, aún al costo de la consideración de todos los datos científicos y profesionales existentes lo que puede devenir en el proceso de revictimización a través del sistema judicial por lo que debe insistirse en la necesidad de un compromiso ético y social con la infancia y adolescencia.

This essay brings to attention the role of the expert witness and the private technical consultant in the fields of Psychological and Psychiatric Expertise, in which the expert witness can be a useful educator to the Tribune, giving a background of the existing body of knowledge of the nature of sexual abuse of a minor, common reactions of victims, patterns of revelation, the child memory and suggestibility, and they can help to objectively evaluate the credibility in particular cases. Nevertheless, very easily can the expert witness make his or her points of view match those of the part who has hired him or her. Therefore, the status of the expert becomes that of a witness whose purpose is victory of one of the parts, even at the expense of the consideration of all the scientific and professional data existent that could turn out into the process of revictimizing through the judicial system, which is why an ethical and social commitment is needed towards children and adolescents.

The Situation of Psychiatrists'Job Burnout and its Inspiration to Education of Psychiatry / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective: To analyze the influential factors of job burnout among psychiatrists.Methods: Psychiatirsts were evaluated by questionnaires.Results: In general,the job burnout of psychiatrists was very serious.There were significant differences in gender in burnout individual level;the person of 31-35 age was prone to job burnout,and the middle-aged staffs’ job burnout was comparatively in high level;There was significantly correlated show between psychiatrists job burnout level and social support.Besides,there was significantly correlated show between psychiatrists job burnout level and coping way.Conclusion: Psychiatrists Burnout is a high-risk population.To better enhance the stability of their profession,we need concern psychiatrists’mental health from the integrated perspective,and improve their level of social support constantly,and prevent occupational burnout from the perspective of medical education early.

Revelation in the Face of Medical Morality Nurturance and Medical Logos Spirit / 中国医学伦理学

Taking medical morality unrturance of systematicness and practicality,the medical workers and medical students should have a soberly and definitely understand,and hold idea to bringing society effect and basic request of medical morality,meaning of medical aim and peristing in making good morality,medical morality culture,and setting medical logos spirit and etc problems.It is a realism proposition for perspicuiting basic elements and inertia factors of medical logos spirit,and unity od medical ought and medical logos spirit.