Percepciones asociadas a conductas sexuales de riesgo / Perceptions associated with risky sexual behaviors

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar en un grupo de jóvenes tabasqueños las percepciones asociadas con conductas sexuales de riesgo. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio mixto y transversal, realizado con un muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia de 60 personas, quienes cumplían con los criterios de inclusión (18-25 años) pertenecientes al estado de Tabasco, 30 hombres y 30 mujeres. Se les aplicó la encuesta de salud y hábitos sexuales. Resultados: Las mujeres señalaron como sus mayores fuentes de educación sexual a los médicos (30%) y a sus madres (23%); mientras que, en el grupo de los hombres, fueron médicos, amistades, libros, etc. Para la percepción de riesgo de contraer VIH con el comportamiento sexual actual, los hombres percibieron mayor riesgo de contagio que las mujeres. Relacionado con las medidas que protegen del VIH, el uso del preservativo fue el método identificado como el más seguro, tanto en hombres (96.66%) como en mujeres (100%). En segundo lugar, se reconoció la opción "hacerse pruebas con frecuencia"; sin embargo, el 65% señaló nunca haberse realizado la prueba de VIH. Acerca del uso de los preservativos, en ambos grupos, predominaron respuestas, tales como, "son complicados de usar", "crean desconfianza en la pareja", entre otras. Sobre la percepción de los mecanismos a través de los cuales se podría adquirir el VIH, los 60 (100%) encuestados marcaron que el VIH se transmite a través de las relaciones sexuales; sin embargo, la opción "por picadura de mosquito" fue elegida por 3 (10%) hombres y una mujer (3.33%). Conclusiones: Las percepciones erróneas pueden ser determinantes para acceder a prácticas sexuales inseguras. Identificar las percepciones equivocadas, las fuentes, calidad y veracidad de la información en temas de sexualidad, así como los factores de riesgo y de protección, puede servir para diseñar intervenciones psicoeducativas eficientes, como estrategia de prevención para los adolescentes y los jóvenes.

Abstract: Objective: To identify youth perceptions associated to risky sexual behaviors in a group of teenagers from Tabasco. Material and methods: It is a mixed, cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling which was carried out at the convenience of 60 people who met the inclusion criteria (18-25 years old) belonging to the state of Tabasco, consisting of 30 women and 30 men. Health and sexual habits surveys were applied to them. Results: Women indicated doctors (30%) and their mothers (23%) as their main sources of sexual education; while, in the group of men, they referred to doctors, friends, books, etc. For the perception of risk of acquiring HIV with current sexual behavior, men perceived a higher risk of infection in comparison to women. In relation of measures that protect against HIV, the use of condoms was identified as the safest method, both in men (96.66%) and in women (100%). The second safest option they referred to was "to get tested frequently"; however, 65% reported never having an HIV test in the past. Regarding the use of condoms, in both groups, responses predominated, such as, "they are difficult to use", "they create mistrust in the partner", among others. Concerning about the perception of mechanisms through which HIV could be acquired, 60 participants (100%) indicated that HIV is transmitted through sexual intercourse; however, the option "by mosquito bite" was chosen by 3 men (10%) and one woman (3.33%). Conclusions: Wrongful perceptions can be decisive in the practice of unsafe sexual practices. Identifying misperceptions, sources, quality and veracity of information on sexuality issues, as well as risk and protective factors, can be useful to design efficient psychoeducational interventions as a prevention strategy for adolescents and the youth.

Comportamentos sexuais de risco, orientação sexual, uso de substâncias e saúde mental: Um estudo de base populacional no Brasil / Risky sexual behaviors, sexual orientation, substance use, and mental health: A population-based study in Brazil

A presente tese trata-se de um estudo de prevalências e associações no âmbito da sexualidade e dos comportamentos sexuais. Foram utilizados os dados do novo módulo de atividade sexual incluído na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) em 2019 voltado para a população de 18 anos ou mais de idade (n=85.859). No primeiro artigo, foi traçado um panorama dos comportamentos sexuais de risco na população adulta relacionados ao não uso de preservativo na última relação sexual e à iniciação sexual precoce (antes dos 15 anos). Foram calculadas as prevalências, e respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC), dos desfechos segundo características socioeconômicas, demográficas e regionais da população. Observou-se que a iniciação sexual precoce é mais prevalente entre pessoas das gerações mais novas, com menores níveis de instrução e rendimento domiciliar. O não uso de preservativo foi mais prevalente entre mulheres, mais velhos e casados ou em coabitação. Foram observadas disparidades relevantes no não uso do preservativo entre os sexos no grupo dos que não coabitam com parceiro. No segundo artigo, avaliou-se a associação entre o consumo pesado de álcool e o uso inconsistente de preservativo entre pessoas de 18 a 59 anos solteiras, viúvas ou divorciadas que não coabitavam com parceiro (n=15.835). Foram estimadas razões de prevalências ajustadas (RPa) com modelos de regressão de Poisson estratificados por sexo e grupos de idade. Verificou-se que indivíduos de todas as faixas etárias e ambos os sexos com padrão de consumo pesado de álcool foram significativamente mais propensos ao uso inconsistente de preservativo que os demais. As estimativas obtidas não foram consideradas estatisticamente diferentes entre adultos jovens (RPa 1,32, IC 95%: 1,14-1,54) e de meia idade (RPa 1,31; IC 95%: 1,19-1,44 para pessoas de 25 a 39 e RPa 1,26; IC 95%: 1,13-1,40 para 40 a 59 anos). No terceiro e último artigo da presente tese, o uso de substâncias (álcool e tabaco) e a depressão foram analisados segundo a orientação sexual autoidentificada da população adulta. Foram estimadas as prevalências e razões de prevalência ajustadas por meio de modelos de regressão de Poisson estratificados por sexo para cada um dos desfechos analisados. Após controle por covariáveis, homens gays apresentaram maior prevalência de depressão, uso diário de tabaco e uso nocivo de álcool e tabaco (RPa entre 1,71 e 1,92) e homens bissexuais com maiores prevalências (quase três vezes) de depressão que homens heterossexuais. Mulheres lésbicas apresentaram maior prevalência de binge drinking, heavy drinking, uso diário de tabaco e uso nocivo de álcool e tabaco que mulheres heterossexuais (RPa entre 2,55 e 4,44). Entre as mulheres bissexuais os resultados foram significativos para todos os desfechos analisado (RPa variou entre 1,83 e 3,26). Sendo assim, essa tese fornece evidências relevantes para subsidiar ações em saúde pública que visem a redução de comportamentos sexuais de risco e das disparidades em saúde relacionadas a orientação sexual da população adulta brasileira.

This thesis is a study of prevalence and associations in the scope of sexuality and sexual behavior. Data are from the new module of sexual activity included in the National Health Survey (PNS, for its Portuguese acronym) in 2019, aimed at the population aged 18 and over (n=85,859). In the first article, a panorama of risky sexual behaviors in the adult population related to the non-use of condoms in the last sexual intercourse and early sexual initiation (before 15 years of age) was performed. Prevalence, and respective confidence intervals (CI), of the outcomes were calculated according to socioeconomic, demographic and regional characteristics of the population. It was observed that early sexual initiation is more prevalent among younger generations, with lower education levels and household income. Non-use of condoms was more prevalent among women, older people and married/cohabiting with a partner. Relevant disparities in non-use of condom between the sexes were observed in the non-cohabiting unmarried group. In the second article, the association between heavy alcohol consumption and inconsistent condom use was investigated among unmarried not cohabiting with a partner people aged 18 to 59 years (n=15,835). Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were estimated with Poisson regression models stratified by sex and age groups. It was observed that individuals from all age groups and both sexes who have heavy drinking pattern were significantly more likely to inconsistent condom use. The estimates were not considered statistically different between young (APR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.54) and middle-aged adults (APR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.19-1.44 for aged 25 to 39 and APR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13-1.40 for aged 40 to 59 years). In the third and last article of this thesis, substance use (alcohol and tobacco) and depression were analyzed according to the self-identified sexual orientation of the adult population. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models stratified by sex for each outcome. After controlling for covariates, gay men had a higher prevalence of depression, daily tobacco use and hazardous use of alcohol and tobacco (APR between 1.71 and 1.92) and bisexual men had a higher prevalence (almost three times) of depression than heterosexual men. Lesbian women had a higher prevalence of binge drinking, heavy drinking, daily tobacco use and hazardous use of alcohol and tobacco than heterosexual women (APR between 2.55 and 4.44). Among bisexual women, the results were significant for all outcomes analyzed (APR ranged between 1.83 and 3.26). Therefore, this thesis provides relevant evidence to support public health actions aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior and health disparities related to sexual orientation in the Brazilian adult population.

Conductas sexuales de riesgo en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos: relación con consumo de sustancias, inicio sexual temprano e impulsividad rasgo / Risky sexual behaviors in a sample of Argentinean college students: Relationship with substance use, early sexual onset and trait-like impulsivity

Resumen Introducción: Los adultos emergentes universitarios son particularmente vulnerables a presentar consumo abusivo de sustancias y conductas sexuales de riesgo (CSR), lo que incrementa el riesgo de contraer infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) o embarazo no deseado. Objetivo: Examinar, en universitarios, si el tipo de consumo de sustancias (alcohol versus uso concurrente de alcohol y marihuana) y el nivel de impulsividad rasgo se asocian con la frecuencia de CSR con parejas ocasionales. Método: Una muestra de 467 estudiantes completó una encuesta online que medía frecuencia de CSR, ocurrencia de consumo de alcohol y de marihuana en el último año y nivel de impulsividad. Resultados: Los consumidores de alcohol y marihuana, comparados con los consumidores de alcohol, reportaron mayor promedio de parejas sexuales al año y mayor arrepentimiento por no cuidarse contra ITS/embarazo. Los participantes con uso concurrente de sustancias, y niveles medios y altos en las facetas de impulsividad, falta de perseverancia y de premeditación, mostraron mayor frecuencia de encuentros sexuales que los consumidores de alcohol o con baja impulsividad. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que el uso concurrente de sustancias y ciertas facetas de impulsividad se asocian a una mayor frecuencia de determinadas CSR. Esta información podría ser útil para intervenir preventivamente en CSR en universitarios argentinos.

Abstract Introduction: College students, a subpopulation of emerging adults, are particularly vulnerable to exhibit substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors. These behaviors put people at risk for sexually transmitted infections and/or unwanted pregnancy. Aim: To examine, in college students, whether the pattern of substance use (i.e., alcohol versus co-use of alcohol and marijuana) and the level of impulsivity are associated with the frequency of risky sexual behaviors with occasional partners. Method: A sample of 467 college students completed an online survey that assessed the frequency of risky sexual behaviors, past-year alcohol and marijuana use and trait-like impulsivity. Results: Alcohol/marijuana co-users, compared with alcohol users, reported a higher average of sexual partners per year and greater feelings of regret following careless sexual encounters. Co-users with medium or high levels in lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation (i.e., two facets of impulsivity) reported higher frequency of sexual encounters than alcohol users and/or students with low impulsivity. Conclusions: Findings suggest substance co-use, alongside different facets of impulsivity, are associated with greater frequency of specific risky sexual behaviors. These findings could better inform interventions aimed at prevent risky sexual behaviors in Argentinean college students.

Impact of childhood sexual abuse on risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou, and to evaluate its impact on risky sexual behaviors in adulthood. Methods A non-probability sampling method was used to recruit MSM aged 18 years and over in Guangzhou. Sociodemographic characteristics, experience of CSA and risky sexual behaviors during the past 6 months were collected using an electronic questionnaire. 2 tests were used to compare the prevalence of CSA and risky sexual behaviors during the past 6 months among different sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the impact of CSA on risky sexual behaviors. Results Overall, 976 MSM were included with an average age of (28.35±6.83) years old. Nearly one-third (26.95%, 263/976) of MSM experienced CSA. Participants having multiple sexual partners (MSP) and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) during the past 6 months accounted for 61.68% (602/976) and 47.95% (468/976), respectively. After adjusting age, ethnicity, household registration, local residence time, marital status, education, employment status, monthly income and sexual orientation, the results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that MSM who experienced CSA were likely to have MSP during the past 6 months (aOR=1.62; 95%CI: 1.19-2.22) than those did not experience CSA. But the association between UAI and CSA was not statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of CSA among MSM in Guangzhou is high. CSA can substantially increase the risk of risky sexual behaviors in adulthood. Intervention to reduce the risk of sexual risk behaviors may need to be tailored for MSM who experienced CSA.

Funcionamiento familiar y conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes de la comunidad de Yanayacu, 2015-2016 / Family functioning and risky sexual behavior in adolescents in the community of Yanayacu, 2015-2016

Introducción: El inicio de las relaciones sexuales en edades tempranas de la vida supone riesgo biológico, psicológico y social que hacen disfuncionales a muchas familias a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del funcionamiento familiar y la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes de la comunidad de Yanayacu. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, relacional, transversal para evaluar la influencia del funcionamiento familiar y la conducta sexual de riesgo en adolescentes de la comunidad de Yanayacu. Resultados: El 49,3 por ciento habían iniciado su vida sexual; las conductas de riesgo identificadas fueron: inicio temprano de la vida sexual, no uso de preservativo y más de dos parejas sexuales con una P < 0,05, según sexo. En cuanto al conocimiento de prevención de estas conductas, mencionaron en su mayoría al preservativo, pero menos de 40 por ciento lo practicaban; 54 por ciento de adolescentes con vida sexual pertenecían a familias disfuncionales y moderadamente funcionales con una tipología familiar ampliada y extensa. Conclusiones: Las familias extensas y ampliadas con una dinámica familiar disfuncional y moderadamente funcional, provocan mayor frecuencia de conductas sexuales de riesgo. El nivel de comunicación, calidez y la cercanía desempeñan un papel muy importante como protectores de estas conductas(AU)

Introduction: The onset of sexual relations at early ages of life involves biological, psychological and social risk that make many families dysfunctional worldwide. Objective: To determine the influence of family functioning and risky sexual behavior among adolescents in the community of Yanayacu. Material and Methods: An observational, relational, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the influence of family functioning and risky sexual behavior among adolescents in the community of Yanayacu. Results: 49.3 percent had started their sexual life; the risk behaviors identified were: early onset of sexual life, no condom use, and more than two sexual partners with a P <0.05, according to sex. As for prevention knowledge of these behaviors, they mostly mentioned the use of condoms, but less than 40 percent used them; 54 percent of sexually active adolescents belonged to dysfunctional and moderately functional families with an extended family typology. Conclusions: Extended families with dysfunctional and moderately functional family dynamics, cause a greater frequency of risky sexual behaviors. The level of communication, warmth and closeness play a very important role as protectors of these behaviors(AU)

Acciones educativas sobre aspectos de la sexualidad dirigidas a adolescentes / Educative actions aimed at adolescents regarding sexuality aspects

Introducción: en Cuba es cada vez mayor el número de jóvenes que inician precozmente las relaciones sexuales, de ahí que el número de embarazos aumente en la adolescencia. Objetivo: identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje en algunos aspectos de la sexualidad en un grupo de adolescentes. Métodos: estudio descriptivo realizado en el consultorio médico 10-25, del Grupo Básico de Trabajo No. 2 en Quemado de Güines en septiembre 2009-2010. El universo lo constituían 135 adolescentes y finalmente quedaron 65 de ambos sexos. Se diseñaron e implementaron un grupo de acciones educativas sobre aspectos de la sexualidad en la adolescencia. Se tuvieron en cuenta los principios éticos correspondientes. Resultados: en la muestra había 35 muchachas y 30 muchachos. Un amplio porcentaje consideró que la adolescencia es un período apropiado para mantener relaciones sexuales. Los conocimientos relacionados con los métodos para la anticoncepción tuvieron igual porcentaje para los buenos y los regulares conocimientos, pero la mayoría expuso razones convincentes que expresaron que no se sienten preparados para afrontar situaciones de aborto y embarazo. Conclusiones: las necesidades de aprendizaje de los adolescentes se centraron en aspectos generales de la sexualidad, el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales y sus riesgos. Las acciones educativas lograron elevar el nivel de conocimientos en la mayoría del grupo y se obtuvo un alto grado de satisfacción con las acciones ejecutadas(AU)

Introducción: in Cuba, the number of adolescents who early start their sexual relationships is increasingly growing, and as a result, the number of pregnant women at adolescence also rises. Objetive: to identify the learning requirements of a group of adolescents about some sexuality aspects. Methods: descriptive study conducted at the physician's office 10-25 of the basic work team number 2 in Quemado de Guines municipality in the period of September 2009 through September 2010. The universe of study was 135 adolescents and finally 65 of both sexes. A group of educative actions about some sexuality aspects in adolescence were designed and implemented. The respective ethical principles were considered. Results: the sample covered 35 females and 30 males. A high percentage of participants considered adolescence as the right phase to have sexual relations. Their knowledge about the contraceptive methods showed similar percentages for good and regular level of knowledge, but the majority expressed convincing reasons that clearly showed that they were not fully prepared to face abortion and pregnancy situations. Conclusions: the learning requirements of adolescents were centered in general sexuality aspects, early onset of sexual relations and sexual risks. The educative actions managed to raise the level of knowledge in most of the group and the implemented actions were highly satisfactory(AU)

HPV infection, risk factors and viral load among Mexican male college students

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HPV and the risky sexual behaviors associated to it in a sample of male college students, taking into account genotype and viral load. Methods: From 2002 to 2003, male students from the Autonomous University of Morelos State completed a questionnaire and provided self-collected genital samples to detect and quantify HPV. We performed a bivariate and a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify correlates associated with the infection and to assess the viral load as a function of the viral infecting type. The fragments of β-globin gene and L1 of HPV, were amplified, purified and cloned, to evaluate viral load. Results: Among 253 subjects, HPV prevalence was 19.4%, and HPV16 was the most common subtype. History of STIs (OR = 4.8; 95% CI 1.2–18.9), contraceptive pill use by female partner (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.1–6.3) and exchanging sex for money (OR = 4.9; 95% CI 1.2–20) were associated to the HPV infection. HPV16 viral load was 7.8 copies (HPV/beta-globin) compared to 0.9 copies for other HPV types. Discussion: HPV16 displayed the highest viral load, and it was the most prevalent. It was found that using contraceptive pills by female partners was associated with HPV infection. .

Prevalencia de prácticas sexuales de riesgo en población adulta de Colombia / Prevalence of risky sexual behaviours in the adult population of Colombia

Objetivos Establecer la prevalencia de prácticas sexuales de riesgo en Colombia y su relación con características sociodemográficas en población adulta. Métodos Estudio de fuente secundaria basada en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2007. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 29 760 personas entre 18 y 69 años, seleccionada con un muestreo probabilístico, por conglomerados, estratificado y polietápico. Resultados Se encontró una alta prevalencia de prácticas sexuales de riesgo en la población colombiana, en cuanto al número de parejas sexuales, uso de preservativo en las relaciones sexuales y consumo de bebidas alcohólicas o drogas durante estas, principalmente en hombres, en solteros, en rango de edad entre 18 y 24 años, y en personas sin afiliación a seguridad social. Conclusiones El estudio señala como grupo de mayor riesgo a los hombres jóvenes y resalta la importancia de tener en cuenta en los programas de promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva aspectos como la influencia de determinantes culturales que privilegian el "machismo" y la promiscuidad, así como la baja percepción de riesgo hacia las ITS/VIH en parejas estables.

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors in Colombia and their relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the adult population. Methods Secondary data source study using the 2007 National Health Survey. The sample was comprised of 29 760 persons aged 18 to 69 years and selected with probabilistic, stratified, multiphasic and by conglomerate sampling. Results Data showed a high prevalence of risky sexual behavior in the Colombian population, in terms of number of sexual partners, use of condoms and consumption of alcohol or drugs during the sexual intercourse, mainly in men, singles, in the 18-24 age group, and in subjects without social insurance. Conclusions The study revealed that the young men was the most risky group and highlighted the importance of taking cultural determinants such as male chauvinism and promiscuity and the low risk perception for STD/HIV in stable couples into account by the sexual and reproductive promotion programs.

Study on the prevalence of HIV and AIDS-related risky sexual behaviors among male university students who have sex with men in Beijing,China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the prevalence of HIV and risky sexual behaviors among university students who have sex with men(MSM)in Beijing.Methods MSM students in the universities were mainly recruited via internet.Questionnaires were self-administered to collect social demographic information and AIDS-related risky sexual behaviors.After completing the questionnaire,blood sample was collected to determine HIV infection through serological testing.X2 test and logistic regression were employed for univariate and multivariate analysis,respectively.Results A total of 157 students were recruited with mean age of 22.7±2.8 years old,12.1%of them were minorities and 77.7% were self-identified as homosexual.98.1% had engaged in anal intercourse(AI)in their lifetime and 73.9%reported that AI was common sexual behavior they often practised.In the past 6 months,58.6% had ever had unprotected anal intercourse(UAI),58.0% never used condoms during oral intercourse,and 59.2% had multiple sex partners(≥2).Nearly half of them believed that they were at low or no risk of contracting HIV and the prevalence of HIV infection was 2.5%.Data from logistic regression analysis showed that ever having had sex with a casual partner in a lifetime (OR=13.10).understanding that serving an insertive role had less risk than being receptive during the AI (OR=3.37),and ever having been to a gay bar(OR=2.49)was independently related to having multiple sex partners in the past 6 months.Conclusion Despite the extensive programs on education,behaviors regarding UAI and ever having had multiple sex partners were silll commonly seen among university MSM students.Interventions were needed to prevent HIV transmission in this population.

Relaciones con múltiples parejas en mujeres universitarias: estudio comparativo en dos instituciones del noroeste de México / Relationship with multiple partners in university women: a comparative study in two institutions from the northwest of Mexico

Objetivo: Identificar qué variables influyen para que las mujeres se relacionen sexualmente con múltiples parejas. Métodos: Estudio transversal que contó con la participación de 542 mujeres pertenecientes a dos instituciones de educación superior del noroeste de México, a quienes se administró un instrumento que mide variables psicológicas que subyacen a diferentes comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. Para el tratamiento de los datos se utilizaron la prueba T, la U de Mann-Whitney y un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: El análisis de regresión arrojó los siguientes resultados: para las mujeres de Hermosillo, Sonora, los predictores fueron las variables edad biológica, edad de inicio de relaciones y un estado biológico -"me encontraba excitada"-, con esas variables explicando 53.4% de la varianza total. Para las mujeres de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, los predictores fueron las variables edad biológica y dos estados biológicos "me encontraba excitada" y "me encontraba bajo la influencia del alcohol"-, explicando 20.8% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio subrayan la necesidad de diseñar programas para prevenir nuevas infecciones por VIH, con base en el entrenamiento en competencias conductuales.

Objective: To identify what variables influence having multiple sexual partners. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 542 women of two higher education institutions from the northwest of Mexico, who answered a questionnaire measuring psychological variables underlying high-risk sexual behaviors. The data were analyzed with T-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and with a multiple linear regression. Results: A multiple linear regression analysis showed the following results: for women from Hermosillo, Sonora, the predictors of high-risk sexual behaviors were biological age, age of sexual debut, and one biological state "I was physically excited", with those variables explaining 53.4% of the total variance; for women from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, the predictors were biological age, and two types of biological states "I was physically excited" and "I was under the influence of alcohol", explaining 20.8% of the total variance. Conclusions: The results underscore the need to design prevention programs directed to avoid HIV infection based on behavioral competencies training.