Cattle loading rates in different truck models and their relationship with bruises on bovine carcasses / Taxa de lotação em diferentes modelos de carrocerias e sua relação com hematomas em carcaças bovinas

ABSTRACT: This study sought to evaluate the number of bruises on bovine carcasses and their relationship with loading rates in different truck models. Bruising percentages in the hindquarter, forequarter and short rib regions were evaluated. The space occupied on the truck by each animal in m² was defined as the Practiced area, obtained by dividing the body area by the number of males and females transported in straight trucks (10.60 x 2.40 m) and livestock trailers (14.80 x 2.60 m), 240 and 168, and 120 and 93, respectively, and 80 males in a straight truck with trailer configuration (17.50 x 2.60 m). The minimum area occupied by the animals was assessed according to the Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) and Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). The data was analyzed in a completely randomized design and included two sex classes, three carcass regions and three truck types. For males, the minimum areas (m²) calculated by the FAWC and AWAC were smaller (1.37 and 1.29 m², respectively) for the straight truck. The straight truck with trailer configuration had the lowest (P=0.0025) bruising index in the forequarter region (15.1%) and the highest (P=0.047) in the short rib region (30.5%). Females transported in the livestock trailer had a higher (P<0.001) percentage of bruises in the forequarter region (51.7%). There was a relationship between the high bruising rates and the loading rate Practiced for the males. Estimations made by the AWAC are close to those practiced in the upper Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o número de hematomas em carcaças de bovinos e suas relações com as taxas de lotação em diferentes modelos de carrocerias. Foi avaliada a porcentagem de hematomas na região do traseiro, dianteiro e ponta da agulha (PA). O espaço ocupado por cada animal em m² foi definido como área Praticada, sendo obtido pela divisão da área da carroceria pelo número de machos e fêmeas transportados nos caminhões truck (10,60 x 2,40 m) e carreta baixa (14,80 x 2,60 m); 240 e 168; 120 e 93, respectivamente, e 80 machos em caminhão romeu e julieta (17,50 x 2,60 m). Avaliou-se a área mínima ocupada por animal pela Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC) e Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (AWAC). Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo duas classes sexuais, três regiões da carcaça e três tipos de caminhões. Para machos, as áreas mínimas (m²) pela FAWC e AWAC foram menores (1,37 e 1,29 m², respectivamente) para o caminhão truck. O caminhão romeu e julieta apresentou o menor (P=0,0025) índice de hematomas na região dianteiro (15,1%) e o maior (P=0,047) na PA (30,5%). As fêmeas transportadas no caminhão carreta baixa, apresentaram maior (P<0,001) porcentagem de hematomas na região dianteiro (51,7%). Houve relação entre os altos índices de hematomas e a taxa de lotação Praticada para o caminhão carreta baixa e romeu e julieta para machos. As determinações realizadas pela AWAC estão próximas das Praticadas no Alto Pantanal sul-mato-grossense.

Modos de ser e trabalhar de caminhoneira: estratégia de viver a vida / Ways of being and work of womantruck drive: strategy of living the life / Modos de ser y trabajar de camionera: estrategia de vivir la vida / Modes d'être et de travailler comme conductrice de camion: stratégie pour vivre la vie

O estudo destaca a estratégia de viver a vida de caminhoneira, suportado nas noções de trabalho imaterial e vida líquida. Caminhoneiras atuantes no transporte rodoviário de cargas de longo percurso e duração participaram da pesquisa exploratória por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise do conteúdo apontou que a caminhoneira desempenha atividades que se aproximam da noção de trabalho imaterial e possibilitou estender a noção de estratégia tomada de Bauman à vida cotidiana. Seu dia a dia remete à vida líquida; remete à indistinção entre tempo/espaço de trabalho e vida; ao percurso e cenário que extrapolam a boleia; aos elementos culturais associados à estrada. Entre truques e traquejos, a estratégia de viver a vida concentra-se em reinícios indolores que demandam manter o jogo curto e o itinerário minimamente reconhecível. Para prosseguir na profissão, em perspectiva gradiente, a caminhoneira contempla facetas do turista, andarilho e jogador, conforme metáforas apresentadas por Bauman.

The study highlights the strategy of living the life of a female truck driver, based on the notions of immaterial labor and liquid life. Female truck driver engaged in long-distance and long-haul freight transportation participated in the exploratory research through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the content indicated that the female truck driver performs activities that approach the notion of immaterial work and made possible to extend the notion of strategy taken from Bauman to daily life. Her daily life refers to liquid life; refers to the indistinction between time / space of work and life; the route and scenario that extrapolate the truck; cultural elements associated with the road. Between tricks and great experience, the strategy of living the life concentrates in painless restarts that demand to keep the game short and the itinerary minimally recognizable. To continue in the profession, in gradient perspective, the female trucker driver contemplates facets of the tourist, wanderer and player, according to metaphors presented by Bauman.

Este trabajo enfoca la estrategia de vivir la vida como camionera, basada en las nociones de trabajo inmaterial y vida líquida. Camioneras actuantes en el transporte de cargas en carretera de largo trayecto y tiempo participaron de la investigación de exploración por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis del contenido indicó que la camionera cumple actividades que se acercan a la noción de trabajo inmaterial y posibilitó la extensión de la noción de estrategia de Bauman a la vida cotidiana. Su jornada remete a la vida líquida; remete a la indistinción entre tiempo/espacio de trabajo y vida; al trayecto y escenario que extrapolan la cabina; a los elementos culturales relacionados a la carretera. Entre trucos y experiencias, la estrategia de vivir la vida está centrada en nuevos comienzos indoloros que demandan mantener el corto juego y la ruta mínimamente reconocible. Para seguir adelante en la profesión, en perspectiva gradiente, la camionera contempla facetas del turista, andador y jugador, según metáforas presentadas por Bauman.

L'étude met en évidence la stratégie de vivre la vie d'un conductrice de camion. Pour cela, on s'appuie sur les notions de travail immatériel et de vie liquide. Les conductrices de camions engagées dans le transport de marchandises sur des longues distances ont participé à la recherche exploratoire au moyen d'entretiens semi-structurés. L'analyse du contenu indique que le conductrice de camion exerce des activités qui abordent la notion de travail immatériel et a permit d'étendre la notion de stratégie prise de Bauman à la vie quotidienne. Sa vie quotidienne fait référence à la vie liquide; fait référence à la distinction entre temps / espace de travail et de vie; à la route et au scénario qui extrapole la cabine du camion; aux éléments culturels associés à la route. Entre astuces et compétences, la stratégie de vivre la vie se concentre sur des redémarrages sans douleur qui exigent de garder le jeu court et l'itinéraire minimalement reconnaissable. Pour exercer son métier, dans une perspective gradient, la conductrice de camion contemple les facettes du touriste, du voyageur et du joueur, selon les métaphores présentées par Bauman.

A Study Of Road Hazardsfaced By malaysian School Children Using Hirarc

@#Road transport is the movement of passengers or goods on the road. To date, issues concerning the safety of students and school institutions have continued to attract public attention. The recent spate of incidents insideand outside the school compoundhas brought the issue of children safety into our attention. These include the escalating number of road casualties. This study was conducted to observe road hazard outside the school compound and analyse the safety risksfaced by school children by using the risk matrix. The risks are calculated to include likelihood and severity of hazard as identified in the Guideline of HIRARC 2008. The area selected was the East Coast state of Peninsular Malaysia, with over 111 schools randomly selected in Kelantan. Results werethen analysed and six highlighted hazards were discussed. The results show that the main road posed the highest risk due to speeding vehicles. These vehicles failed to slow down when approaching the school area. The school administrationmustenhance the safety of the staff, students, and public while in the school area. In conclusion, road safety awareness must be instilledamong teachers, students, parents and road users alike.

Effects of road transport on hematological and biochemical parameters in new zealand rabbits / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of road transport on hematological and biochemical parameters in New Zealand rabbits.Methods A total of 12 healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected for 2 h road transport.Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after transport, respectively.White blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (MCV), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin content (MCH), mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets (PLT) were measured using a blood analyzer.Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), urea nitrogen (UREA), creatinine, uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (COHL), glucose (GLU), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), α-amylase (AMYL), and creatine kinase (CK) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer.Results Compared the parameters before and after transport, The WBC count was increased first (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then decreased after transport, the levels of RBC, HGB, HCT and PLT were decreased first (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then increased after transport, and MCV was significantly high at 96 h after transport (P< 0.05).Among the clinical biochemical parameters, ALT, AST and BUN were firstly elevated (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then decreased.TP, ALB as well as CREA and TG were firstly decreased (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01) and then increased.GLU was significantly low at 24 h after transport (P< 0.05).All parameters except MCV at 96 h after transport were not significantly different from those before transport.Conclusions Changes of blood routine, liver and kidney function indexes, lipid metabolism indexes, glucose metabolism index and creatine kinase index are observed in the New Zealand rabbits after 2-hour road transportation, and all the indicators except MCV return to pre-transport levels within 96 h.

Predictors of mortality among the neonates transported to referral centre in Delhi, India.

A descriptive study was conducted with an objective to determine the predictors of mortality among referred neonates and to ascertain their transport characteristics. A total of 300 consecutive neonates who were transferred to the centre were enrolled in the study. Following information were recorded: maternal details, birth details, interventions before transportation, details of transportation and neonatal condition at arrival. Detailed clinical assessment and management was done as per standard neonatal protocols. Birth weight <1 kg (OR 0.04; 95% CI: 0.006-0.295, P<0.01) and transportation time >1 hour (OR 5.58; 95% CI: 1.41-22.01, P=0.01) were found to be significant predictors for mortality among the transported neonate. Transport characteristics reflect road transport with limited utility of ambulances and lack of trained health personal. Hence to conclude, extreme low birth weight and prolonged transportation time were found to be significant predictors of neonatal mortality among the transported neonate.

Informações sobre acidentes com transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos no Estado de São Paulo: os desafios para a Vigilância em Saúde Ambiental / Informations about road transport of dangerous substances in the State of São Paulo: challenges for environmental health surveillance

O estudo dos acidentes com produtos perigosos é uma das áreas de atuação da vigilância em saúde ambiental. Os riscos envolvidos no transporte rodoviário de produtos perigosos são grandes e estão diretamente relacionados às propriedades das substâncias envolvidas, à qualidade da malha viária, à presença de áreas densamente povoadas no entorno, à presença de pedestres na via, entre outros, e suas conseqüências podem ser muito severas. Um dos requisitos básicos para a vigilância em saúde ambiental é a existência de sistemas de informação adequados. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os dados de acidentes com transporte de produtos perigosos no Estado de São Paulo, registrados pela Cetesb, pela Polícia Rodoviária e pelo Corpo de Bombeiros do Estado de São Paulo. Também foram analisados e comparados entre si o conteúdo dos respectivos relatórios de registros das ocorrências: RAA, RATPP e RACB. Foram analisados o número de acidentes, o número de óbitos e feridos e a razão de óbito por acidente no período de 1996 a 2003. Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa nos números e também na representatividade e facilidade de acesso aos dados. Foi possível verificar também que os conceitos de tipo, causa e conseqüência utilizados pelas instituições são bastante distintos. Por essas razões, a realização de estudos empíricos, a partir de dados históricos de acidentes, é inviabilizada. Vale ressaltar que a estruturação de bancos de dados de registros de acidentes com produtos perigosos deve ser iniciada com a discussão e a uniformização dos seus conceitos fundamentais.

The study of accidents with dangerous products is one of the areas of environmental health surveillance. The risks involved in the road transport of dangerous products are large and they depend on the properties of the involved substances, of the quality of the road network, of the presence of areas densely populated, of passengers in the road, among others, and their consequences can be very severe. One of the basic requirements for the surveillance in environmental health is the existence of appropriate systems of information. This article has as objective to analyze the data of accidents with transport of dangerous products in the State of São Paulo, registered by Cetesb, by the Traffic Police and by the Fire Brigade of the State of São Paulo. The contents of the respective reports of registrations of the occurrences: RAA, RATPP AND RACB were also analyzed and compared. The number of accidents, number of deaths and of persons wounded and the relation death / accident were verified for the period 1996 2003. The results indicated a significant difference, not just in quantitative terms as of representativeness and access easiness. It was also verified that the concepts of type of accident, causes and consequences used by the institutions are quite different. For these reasons, the accomplishment of empiric studies, starting from historical data of accidents is unfeasible. The structuring of databases of registrations of accidents with dangerous products should be initiated by the discussion and the uniformization of their fundamental concepts.