Résumé
Resumen Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.
Abstract Introduction: Spills of flammable liquids can lead to serious accidents, mainly in industrial plants and on roads. To prevent the spread of spills, various forms of collection are used, such as absorption with porous solids. Agroindustrial waste can be used as sorbent materials for flammable liquids. Objective: To determine the sorption capacity of the residual empty-fruit bunch of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) nutshell for four organic flammable liquids. Methods: The residual biomasses of E. guineensis and Acrocomia sp. were assessed as sorbents for spilled fuels (diesel, jet fuel, commercial kerosene, and gasoline). Volumetric measurement of liquid-fuel absorption at 24 ºC was taken during a week. Desorption was measured at 50 ºC as the drying kinetics, by using moisture scales. Results: The sorption capacity of the Acrocomia sp. material was not satisfactory, compared to the E. guineensis residual material, due to differences in the residual architecture of the organic material. This last can absorb 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 at 24 ºC, during a one-week period. Diatomite absorbs greater quantities of the organic liquids but, the fluids diffusion at 50 ºC is 0.26 ± 0.09 times more slowly in the mineral matrix, because of the greater pore tortuosity in this mineral matrix. Conclusions: The oil-palm empty fruit bunch of E. guineensis, showed lesser but adequate performance than the sorbing behavior for fire hazard mitigation of diatomite. The nutshell of macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) did not prove to be useful for this recovery operation.
Sujets)
Huile de palme/analyse , Systèmes d'extinction d'incendie , Huiles végétales/analyse , KérosèneRésumé
BACKGROUND:Congenital clubfoot mainly manifests as abnormal bone itself and abnormal cartilage development.The bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein(Smad)signaling pathway can direct the development of bone and cartilage during embryonic period,but its role in the field of clubfoot etiology has not been confirmed in animal experiments. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism by which the BMP/Smad signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of foot and ankle chondroplasia in a rat congenital clubfoot model. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 days of gestation with the same growth condition were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The experimental group was intragastrically given 135 mg/kg retinoic acid to make the clubfoot model,while the control group was given the same amount of vegetable oil.The fetal rats were taken out after 21 days of gestation by cesarean section.In the experimental group,the 27 of 41 fetal rats had clubfoot,with a deformity rate of 65.9%;in the control group,no clubfoot was observed in all the 36 fetuses.The ankles tissues of the rats were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot assay,RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression levels of Smad5 and P-Smad5,the core proteins of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway,as well as SP7 and Sox9,the downstream proteins of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the cartilage matrix in the foot and ankle tissues increased and the gap between the bones increased in the experimental group.Immunohistochemical findings showed that the expression levels of Smad5 and SP7 decreased in the experimental group,while the mRNA expression of Sox9 increased.RT-qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression of Smad5 and SP7 decreased,while the mRNA expression of Sox9 increased in the foot and ankle tissues of rats in the experimental group.Western blot results showed that P-Smad5/Smad5 expression and SP7 expression were decreased and Sox9 expression was increased in the ankle of rats in the experimental group.To conclude,the occurrence of cartilage abnormalities in the foot and ankle of the rat model of congenital clubfoot is associated with impaired transmission of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.
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Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.
Sujets)
Humains , Animaux , Aphides , Malpighiales , Arbres , Écosystème , InsectesRésumé
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atmospheric plasma application on the inactivation of fungi on the surface of Erythrina velutina seeds and on isolated fungal colonies. Two experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. First, plasma was applied to the surface of the seeds using helium gas and atmospheric plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min in addition to the control (untreated seeds), constituting seven treatments with five repetitions each. In the second experiment, Petri dishes containing the inoculum of different fungi were treated with atmospheric air plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min (Air-3, Air-6, and Air-9) and were compared with untreated fungi in Petri dishes without treatment (control), totaling four treatments and five repetitions each. We found that the application of atmospheric air plasma to E. velutina seeds for 9 min had an antimicrobial effect on the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp., and Rhizopus sp. The formation of fungal colonies isolated from E. velutina seeds was also inhibited by 3 min of exposure to atmospheric air plasma, except for A. niger, whose inhibition occurred after 6 min of exposure to atmospheric plasma.
Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de plasma atmosférico na inativação de fungos na superfície de sementes de Erythrina velutina e em colônias fúngicas isoladas. Dois experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado: no primeiro, o plasma foi aplicado na superfície das sementes usando gás hélio e plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos, além do controle (sementes sem tratamento), constituindo sete tratamentos com cinco repetições cada; no segundo experimento, placas de Petri contendo o inóculo de diferentes fungos foram tratadas com plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos (Air-3, Air-6 e Air-9) e comparadas com fungos não tratados em placas de Petri sem tratamento (controle), totalizando quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições cada. Descobrimos que a aplicação de plasma atmosférico nas sementes de E. velutina por nove minutos teve efeito antimicrobiano sobre os fungos Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp. e Rhizopus sp. A formação de colônias fúngicas isoladas de sementes de E. velutina também foi inibida por três minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico, exceto para A. niger, cuja inibição ocorreu a partir de 6 minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico.
Sujets)
Erythrina , ChampignonsRésumé
Objective:To investigate effect of acacetin on alveolar epithelial cell damage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)infection by regulating sirtuin 1(Sirt1)-mediated 5'-AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.Methods:Alveolar epithelial cells A549 cultured in vitro were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model.After treatment with acacetin at final concentrations of 0,5,25,50,100,150,200 μmol/L,CCK-8 was performed to detect cell viability of each treatment group and optimal concentration of acacetin was screened.A549 cells cultured in vitro were ran-domly separated into five groups:control group,model group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)group,EX527(Sirt1 inhibitor,40 μmol/L)group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)+EX527(40 μmol/L)group,control group was not treated,other groups were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model,and then treated with 150 μmol/L acacetin and 40 μmol/L EX527,CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rate in each group;kits were performed to measure levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and IL-10,IL-1β,TNF-α levels of cells in each group;Western blot was performed to measure proliferation-related proteins Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9,Bax,Sirt1 and AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway proteins p-AMPK/AMPK,Nrf2 expres-sions of cells in each group.Results:Model group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels than control group(P<0.05).Compared with model group and acacetin+EX527 group,acacetin group had increased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and decreased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05);EX527 group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acnestin can activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling by up-regulating Sirt1 expression,thereby promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory factors,reducing production of ROS and pro-inflammatory factors,reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,and finally alleviating neuronal damage.
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Objective:To explore effect and molecular mechanism of transcription factor SP1 on apoptosis and inflammatory response of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods:To construct a DR model of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(hRMECs),cells were divided into Control group,HG group,HG+si-NC group,HG+si-SP1 group,HG+si-SP1+oe-NC group and HG+si-SP1+oe-MAP3K1 group by transfection.RT-qPCR was used to detect expressions of SP1 and MAP3K1;flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis;ELISA was used to detect contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in cells;binding site between SP1 and MAP3K1 promoter were found by bioinformatics,and ChIP-qPCR was used to detect binding of SP1 to the MAP3K1 promoter.Results:Compared with control group,expressions of SP1 and MAP3K1 in hRMECs treated with HG were increased(P<0.05).Inhibition of SP1 expression,apoptosis rate was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Inhibition of SP1 reduced expression of MAP3K1.Further overexpression of MAP3K1 reversed inhibitory effect of si-SP1 on HG-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses in hRMECs.Conclusion:Transcription factor SP1 promotes apoptosis and inflammatory response of DR cells by promoting expression of MAP3K1.
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Aims@#Melon Manis Terengganu, MMT is one of the economically important fruits in Terengganu, which contains numerous nutritional values and bioactive compounds that benefit human health. The major problem is MMT has been affected by Fusarium sp., which is the common fungus in the Cucurbitaceae family resulting in Fusarium wilt disease and lowering melon production. It may also affect the antioxidant value of MMT; however, limited study has been conducted on this issue. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the non-enzymatic as well as enzymatic activities in response to Fusarium sp. (S2 and S4) infection. @*Methodology and results@#In this study, MMT leaves were incubated in culture filtrate (CF) obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium. The antioxidative responses were assayed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days of treatment. In response to Fusarium infection, the ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and carotenoid content were significantly stimulated at the early stages of the experiment and slowly reduced afterward. This current study also demonstrated that the CAT-specific activities were initially induced in S2 CF-treated leaves. Similar APX and gPOD specific activity patterns were observed in both S2 and S4 CFs treatments. The APX and gPOD-specific activities were induced at the later stages of infection in S4 CF-treated leaves. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study: @#The results revealed that enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants worked together to fight against stress caused by the fungal infection, with the activation of the plant defense system.
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atmospheric plasma application on the inactivation of fungi on the surface of Erythrina velutina seeds and on isolated fungal colonies. Two experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. First, plasma was applied to the surface of the seeds using helium gas and atmospheric plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min in addition to the control (untreated seeds), constituting seven treatments with five repetitions each. In the second experiment, Petri dishes containing the inoculum of different fungi were treated with atmospheric air plasma for 3, 6, and 9 min (Air-3, Air-6, and Air-9) and were compared with untreated fungi in Petri dishes without treatment (control), totaling four treatments and five repetitions each. We found that the application of atmospheric air plasma to E. velutina seeds for 9 min had an antimicrobial effect on the fungi Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp., and Rhizopus sp. The formation of fungal colonies isolated from E. velutina seeds was also inhibited by 3 min of exposure to atmospheric air plasma, except for A. niger, whose inhibition occurred after 6 min of exposure to atmospheric plasma.
Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de plasma atmosférico na inativação de fungos na superfície de sementes de Erythrina velutina e em colônias fúngicas isoladas. Dois experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado: no primeiro, o plasma foi aplicado na superfície das sementes usando gás hélio e plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos, além do controle (sementes sem tratamento), constituindo sete tratamentos com cinco repetições cada; no segundo experimento, placas de Petri contendo o inóculo de diferentes fungos foram tratadas com plasma atmosférico por três, seis e nove minutos (Air-3, Air-6 e Air-9) e comparadas com fungos não tratados em placas de Petri sem tratamento (controle), totalizando quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições cada. Descobrimos que a aplicação de plasma atmosférico nas sementes de E. velutina por nove minutos teve efeito antimicrobiano sobre os fungos Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Brachysporium sp. e Rhizopus sp. A formação de colônias fúngicas isoladas de sementes de E. velutina também foi inibida por três minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico, exceto para A. niger, cuja inibição ocorreu a partir de 6 minutos de exposição à aplicação de plasma atmosférico.
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Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.
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Introducción. Alrededor de 3700 millones menores de 50 años con infección por VHS-1 y 491 millones de personas de 15 a 49 años cursan con infección por VHS-2 en el mundo; sus síntomas, vesículas o ulceras dolorosas reaparecen periódicamente. El tratamiento convencional disminuyó su efectividad en cepas resistentes e inmunodeprimidos. Alternativas terapéuticas con extractos de plantas medicinales y potencial antiviral, como Opuntia soehrensii Brito conocida como "ayrampù" en Bolivia, utiliza infusión de sus semillas como analgésico, antidiabético, hipotensor y febrífugo. En vapores por inhalación para afecciones respiratorias; como tintura tópica en lesiones dérmicas de viruela, sarampión y herpes labial. Objetivo. Evaluar la seguridad preclínica de un gel que contiene el extracto hidro-alcohólico de semillas de Opuntia soehrensii en diferentes dosis, aplicado en la mucosa vaginal de ratas Sprague Dawley. Material y métodos. Se ejecutaron protocolos de toxicidad aguda y subaguda para evaluar la respuesta sistémica, a través de marcadores bioquímicos y de comportamiento, y la respuesta local en mucosa vaginal, mediante estudios histopatológicos, en grupos de animales a los que se aplicó el gel con diferentes concentraciones del extracto de Opuntia soehrensii, comparados con un grupo control y otro que recibió solo el vehículo. Resultados. Se encontró que los indicadores sistémicos de comportamiento y ganancia de peso no mostraron diferencias entre grupos. Los indicadores hematológicos y bioquímicos mostraron resultados fisiológicamente esperados y sin cambios en los grupos de estudio. La citología expuso conservación del fenotipo celular para las fases del ciclo estral en todos los grupos. Los indicadores histológicos de reacción local e integridad celular se distribuyeron de igual manera en los todos los grupos. Conclusión. La aplicación de un gel de Opuntia soehrensii no muestra niveles apreciables de toxicidad local y sistémica, lo que permite recomendar la iniciación de estudios de aplicación clínica.
Introduction. Around 3.7 billion people under 50 years of age are infected with HSV-1 and 491 million people between the ages of 15 and 49 are infected with HSV-2 in the world; his symptoms, vesicles or painful ulcers recur periodically. Conventional treatment decreased its effectiveness in resistant and immunosuppressed strains. Therapeutic alternatives with extracts of medicinal plants and antiviral potential, such as Opuntia soehrensii Brito known as "ayrampù" in Bolivia, uses infusion of its seeds as an analgesic, antidiabetic, hypotensive and febrifuge. In vapors by inhalation for respiratory conditions; as a topical tincture in skin lesions of smallpox, measles and cold sores. Objectives . To evaluate the preclinical safety of a gel containing the hydroalcoholic extract of Opuntia soehrensii seeds in different doses, applied to the vaginal mucosa of Sprague Dawley rats. Material and Methods. Acute and sub-acute toxicity protocols were carried out to evaluate local response in the vaginal mucosa, through histo pathological studies, and systemic responses, through biochemical and behavioral markers, in groups of animals to which the gel with different concentrations of the extract of Opuntia soehrensii was applied, compared with a control group and another that received only the vehicle. Results. It was found that the histological indicators of local reaction and cell integrity were equally distributed in all groups. Cytology showed conservation of the cell phenotype for the phases of the estrous cycle in all groups. The systemic indicators of behavior and weight gain did not show differences between groups. Hematological and biochemical indicators showed results ranged in physiologic parameters, without changes in the study groups. Conclusion. The application of a gel from Opuntia soehrensii does not show appreciable levels of local and systemic toxicity, which makes it possible to recommend the initiation of clinical application studies.
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Resumen Muchos de los hongos degradadores de madera están implicados en la síntesis de metabolitos bioactivos de naturaleza antimicrobiana y terapéutica, así como de compuestos de importancia biotecnológica, incluyendo derivados indólicos, entre otros. Estos hongos brindan ciertos beneficios ecológicos a las plantas, entre los que se destacan la protección contra fitopatógenos y la promoción del crecimiento radicular. Xylaria sp. es un hongo degradador de celulosa (lignocelulolítico) con potencial biotecnológico. El ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) desempeña un papel sumamente importante en las interacciones planta-microorganismo, ya que es esencial para la fisiología y el correcto desarrollo morfológico vegetal. Se sabe que las enzimas nitrilo-hidrolíticas (nitrilasas) están involucradas en la síntesis de compuestos indólicos en las plantas, no obstante, se dispone de poca información acerca de la naturaleza de estas enzimas en el reino de los hongos. A través de una aproximación bioquímica y de genética molecular, se demuestra por primera vez que Xylaria sp. posee actividad enzimática nitrilasa utilizando compuestos ricos en nitrógeno y carbono como sustrato. La cepa estudiada aumentó sus niveles de expresión génica relativa y mostró crecimiento micelial, ambos en presencia de compuestos químicos como cianobenceno y KCN. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que el microorganismo es capaz de degradar moléculas nitrogenadas complejas. Por otra parte, mediante biofertilización con extractos fúngicos, se observó que Xylaria sp. promueve el desarrollo del sistema radicular de plántulas de Arabidopsis thaliana, además de sintetizar AIA.
Abstract Endophytic fungi inhabit plant tissues internally and asymptomatically, and many of them are involved in the synthesis of bioactive metabolites of antifungal and therapeutic nature, as well as other compounds of biotechnological importance including indole derivatives, among many others. Ecologically, they provide some benefits to plants including protection against phy-topathogens and promotion of root growth. In this sense, Xylaria sp. is a cellulose-decomposing fungus with biotechnological potential. It is worth mentioning that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) also plays an extremely important role in plant-micro-organism interactions, as it is essential for physiology and proper plant morphological development. It is known that nitrile-hydrolytic enzymes (nitrilases) are involved in the synthesis of plant indole compounds; however, relatively little information is available concerning the nature of these enzymes in the fungal kingdom. In view of the above, through a biochemical and molecular-genetic approach, it has been demon-strated for the first time that Xylaria sp. carries out nitrile-hydrolytic enzyme activity using nitrogen and carbonrich compounds as substrate. The studied strain increased its relative gene expression levels and showed mycelial growth, both in the presence of chemical compounds such as cyanobenzene and KCN. Thus, the results of this work suggest that the micro-organism is capable of degrading complex nitrogenous molecules. On the other hand, through fungal biofertilization, it was observed that Xylaria sp. promotes the development of the root system of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, in addition to synthesizing IAA.
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Abstract Occurrence of Ureaplasma diversum (U. diversum) has been associated with repro-ductive failures in cattle and detected in pigs with and without pneumonia. However, its rolein the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is unclear. A cross-sectional study was con-ducted in abattoirs, inspecting 280 pig lungs from eight herds. All the lungs were inspected,processed and classified according to the histopathological analysis. Moreover, bronchoalveolarlavage (BAL) specimens were collected and processed by PCR for detection of U. diversum andMycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae). Ureaplasma sp.---U. diversum and M. hyop-neumoniae were detected in 17.1% and 29.3% of the analyzed BAL specimens, respectively. Theconcomitant presence of both microorganisms was detected in 12.5% of the inspected lungs.Both agents were found in lungs with and without pneumonia. M. hyopneumoniae was detectedin 31.8% of pig lungs with enzootic pneumonia-like lesions, while Ureaplasma sp.---U. diversumwas detected in 27.5% of lungs with these lesions. This descriptive exploratory study providesinformation for future experimental and field-based studies to better define the pathogenicrole of this organism within the PRDC.
Resumen La presencia de Ureaplasma diversum se ha asociado a fallas reproductivas en el ganado bovino y se ha detectado en cerdos con y sin neumonía. Sin embargo, su participación en el complejo de enfermedades respiratorias porcinas (CERP) no es clara. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal en matadero, inspeccionando 280 pulmones de cerdo provenientes de ocho piaras. Todos los pulmones fueron inspeccionados, procesados y clasificados según el análisis histopatológico. También se colectaron muestras de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) y se procesaron mediante PCR para la detección de U. diversum y Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Ureaplasma sp.-U. diversum y M. hyopneumoniae se detectaron en el 17,1% y en el 29,3% de los LBA analizados, respectivamente. La presencia concomitante de ambos microorganismos se detectó en el 12,5% de los pulmones inspeccionados. Ambos agentes se encontraron en pulmones con y sin neumonía. M. hyopneumoniae se detectó en el 31,8% de los pulmones con lesiones compatibles con neumonía enzoótica, mientras que Ureaplasma sp.-U. diversum se detectó en el 27,5% de los pulmones con estas lesiones. Este estudio exploratorio descriptivo proporciona información para futuros estudios experimentales y de campo tendentes a definir mejor el papel patógeno de este organismo dentro del CERP.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: La infección por hantavirus es endémica en América del Sur, con un amplio espectro de gravedad y una letalidad que varía entre 17 y 40 por ciento. El presente estudio recoge información de 25 años de vigilancia epidemiológica en Buenos Aires, Argentina. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el comportamiento de la serie temporal 1997-2021, observando tendencia y estacionalidad. MÉTODOS: La función de serie temporal utilizada empleó la media móvil centrada según periodos trimestrales, de forma que cada año se dividió en cuartiles. Se consideró un modelo multiplicativo. RESULTADOS: Con una tasa de mortalidad de la serie de 0,15 por 100 mil y de letalidad de 22,6, la razón varones : mujeres fue de 3,4:1. La distribución sindrómica mostró mayor compromiso renal, siendo la tasa de mortalidad prácticamente igual en ambos sexos. CONCLUSIÓN: Como enfermedad infecciosa, la infección por hantavirus reflejó en los últimos 25 años un comportamiento, recurrente y estacional, endémico y compartido en sus características clínicas con el resto de la región andina.
BACKGROUND: Hantavirus infection is endemic in South America, with a wide spectrum of severity and a fatality rate that varies between 17-40 percent. This study collects information from 25 years of epidemiological surveillance in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AIM: To characterize the behavior of the 1997-2021 time series, observing trends and seasonality. METHODS: The time series function used the moving average centered according to quarterly periods, so that each year was divided into quartiles. A multiplicative model is missed. RESULTS: With a mortality rate for the series of 0.15 per 100,000 and a fatality rate of 22.6, the male : female ratio was 3.4:1. The syndromic distribution showed greater renal involvement, with the mortality rate being practically the same in both sexes. CONCLUSION: As an infectious disease, hantavirus has reflected in the last 25 years a behavior, recurrent and seasonal, endemic and shared in its clinical characteristics with the rest of the Andean region.
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Infections à hantavirus/épidémiologie , Argentine/épidémiologie , Saisons , Facteurs temps , Études rétrospectives , Syndrome pulmonaire à hantavirus/épidémiologie , Fièvre hémorragique avec syndrome rénal/épidémiologieRésumé
El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la caracterización bioinformática, así como optimizar la producción de L-asparaginasa extracelular de Bacillus sp. M62 aislada de las salinas de Maras (Cusco). Para ello, se verificó la producción de L-asparaginasa mediante el viraje del medio M9 modificado con azul de bromofenol 0.0075%, pH 7.4 a 37 °C por 72 h. A la vez, se extrajo el ADN genómico para amplificar los genes ribosómicos 16S y el gen ansA3. La secuencia aminoacídica codificada por el gen ansA3 se predijo mediante análisis bioinformático. La producción de L-asparaginasa intracelular y extracelular se evaluó a diferentes niveles de glucosa, L-asparagina, NaCl y pH en el medio M9 modificado. Adicionalmente, las actividades enzimáticas de L-asparaginasa y L-glutaminasa se determinaron mediante cuantificación del amonio liberado por el método de Nessler. Así, Bacillus sp. M62 produjo el viraje del medio M9 modificado, obtuvo alta similitud y cercanía evolutiva con Bacillus licheniformis, se encontró que el gen ansA3 amplificado codificaba para 319 aa, dentro de la cual se predijo una secuencia patrón del sitio activo (GFVITHGTDTM ) y 15 sitios inmunogénicos. La producción de L-asparaginasa extracelular fue superior a la intracelular, la que se optimizó de 0.37 U/mL (0.24 U/mg) a 2.15 ± 0.39 U/mL (0.63 U/mg). Finalmente, se encontró que Bacillus sp. M62 presenta L-asparaginasa extracelular con mínima actividad de L-glutaminasa.
The aim of this study was to perform bioinformatics characterization and optimize the production of extracellular L-asparaginase from Bacillus sp. M62, isolated from the Maras salt ponds (Cusco). To achieve this, the production of L-asparaginase was verified by the change in color of modified M9 medium, containing 0.0075% bromophenol blue, at pH 7.4 and 37°C for 72 hours. Genomic DNA was extracted to amplify the 16S ribosomal genes and the ansA3 gene. The amino acid sequence encoded by the ansA3 gene was predicted using bioinformatic analysis. The production of intracellular and extracellular L-asparaginase was evaluated at different levels of glucose, L-asparagine, NaCl, and pH in modified M9 medium. Additionally, the enzymatic activities of L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase were determined by quantifying the released ammonium using the Nessler method. Bacillus sp. M62 showed the change in color of the modified M9 medium, high similarity, and evolutionary closeness to Bacillus licheniformis. The amplified ansA3 gene was found to encode for 319 amino acids, with a predicted active site pattern (GFVITHGTDTM) and 15 immunogenic sites. The production of extracellular L-asparaginase was found to be higher than intracellular L-asparaginase and was optimized from 0.37 U/mL (0.24 U/mg) to 2.15 ± 0.39 U/mL (0.63 U/mg). Finally, it was found that Bacillus sp. M62 presents extracellular L-asparaginase with minimal L-glutaminase activity.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Magnolia officinalis cortex for constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-C） rats before and after sweating. MethodIBS-C rat model was established by gavage of ice water， and rats were randomly divided into the blank group， model group， mosapride group（1 mg·kg-1）， M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1） and sweated M. officinalis cortex group（10 g·kg-1）. The changes of body weight， fecal number and fecal water content of rats were observed， 16S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the structural changes of fecal intestinal flora in rats， the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine（5-HT） and substance P（SP） in colonic tissues of rats were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultCompared with the model group， the fecal water content and fecal number of mosapride group， M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.05）. At the phylum level， the top four species of flora abundance were Firmicutes， Bacteroidetes， Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Firmicutes in the model group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Spirochaetes was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the proportion of Firmicutes and Spirochaetes in M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to that in the blank group， and the proportion of Spirochaetes in sweated M. officinalis cortex group was lower than that of M. officinalis cortex group. At the family level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillaceae， S24_7， Ruminococcaceae， Bacteroidaceae， compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillaceae in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， and its proportion in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group increased significantly after administration（P<0.05）， and the flora structure of the two groups tended to be similar to that of the blank group. At the genus level， the top four species of flora abundance were Lactobacillus， Unspecified_S24_7， Bacteroides and Treponema. Compared with the blank group， the proportion of Lactobacillus in the model group decreased significantly（P<0.05）， while the proportion of Treponema increased significantly（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， ratio of bacterial structure of Lactobacillus and Treponema in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group tended to be similar to those in the blank group， indicating that M. officinalis cortex could restore the intestinal microbial structure of IBS-C rats before and after sweating. Compared with the model group， the 5-HT content in mosapride group was significantly reduced（P<0.05）， the contents of 5-HT and SP in the M. officinalis cortex group and sweated M. officinalis cortex group were significantly increased（P<0.01）， and the sweated M. officinalis cortex group was higher than the M. officinalis cortex group. ConclusionM. officinalis cortex can play a therapeutic role on IBS-C rats by regulating 5-HT pathway and intestinal flora structure before and after sweating.
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Objective To investigate the effect of transcription factor specific protein5(Sp5)silencing on Wnt signaling pathway correlated factors and cell proliferation ability in mouse embryo palatal mesenchymal cells(mEPMCs).Methods mEPMCs of 14.5 d pregnant C57BL/6J mice were isolated and cultured in vitro.Cell source was identified by immunofluorescence staining.Lentivirus transfection technique was used to silence the expression of Sp5 gene in mEPMCs,and the transfection efficiency was verified by Western blot assay.Follow-up experiments were set up with the blank control group,the no-load virus group and the slience group(the Sp5-shRNA group).The protein and mRNA expression levels of β-catenin,GSK-3β,Wnt3a and CyclinD1 were detected by Western blot assay and RT-qPCR after transfection for 72 h in each group.Cell proliferation capacity was detected by CCK-8.The proliferation rate of 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU)positive cells was detected by immunofluorescence assay.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Results mEPMCs were successfully isolated,and Sp5 expression was silenced.Western blot and RT-qPCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expressions of β-catenin,GSK-3β,Wnt3a and CyclinD1 were significantly higher in the Sp5-shRNA group than those in the blank control group and the no-loaded virus group(P<0.05).The proliferative ability and the proliferative rate of EdU positive cells were higher in the Sp5-shRNA group than those in the blank control group and the no-loaded virus group(P<0.05).The proportion of mEPMCs in S phase was higher in the Sp5-shRNA group than that in the blank control group and the no-loaded virus group(P<0.05).Conclusion Sp5 in silenced mEPMCs can participate in palate development and promote the proliferation of mEPMCs by regulating Wnt signaling pathway.
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@#The chemical constituents of solid rice culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.Dq-25 from barnacle were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C18 reversed silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization.Their structures were identified by the physical and chemical properties, and by various spectroscopic methods.Six compounds were isolated and identified as: demethyldihydropenicillic acid (1), dihydropenicillic acid (2), penicillic acid (3), fortisterol (4), 22E, 24R-3P, 5a-dihydroxyerogosta-7, 22-diene-6-one (5), and (22E, 24R)-ergosterol-7, 22-diene-3β, 5α, 9α-triol-6-one (6).Compound 1 was a new butyrolactone.MTT method was used to analyze cytotoxicity, and the result showed that compound 3 exhibited inhibitory activity on five cell lines, including K562, HeLa, SGC-7901, A542 and BEL-7402, with IC50 values of 38.0 ~ 105.0 μmol/L.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) at different time points on the serum level of β-endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP) and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in brainstem in rats with migraine, and to explore the effect and mechanism of moxibustion in preventing and treating migraine.@*METHODS@#Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a prevention+treatment (PT) group and a treatment group, 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were injected with nitroglycerin subcutaneously to prepare migraine model. The rats in the PT group were treated with moxibustion 7 days before modeling (once a day) and 30 min after modeling, while the rats in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion 30 min after modeling. The "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) were taken for 30 minutes each time. The behavioral scores in each group were observed before and after modeling. After intervention, ELISA method was used to detect the serum level of β-EP and SP; the immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem; the Western blot method was used to detect the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, the behavioral scores in the model group were increased 0-30 min, 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01); compared with the model group, in the treatment group and the PT group, the behavioral scores were decreased 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the serum level of β-EP was decreased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem and the expression of COX-2 protein were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the PT group and and the treatment group, the serum level of β-EP was increased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β and the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the treatment group, in the PT group, the serum level of β-EP was increased and COX-2 protein expression was decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could effectively relieve migraine. The mechanism may be related to reduce the serum level of SP, IL-1β and COX-2 protein expression in brainstem, and increase the serum level of β-EP, and the optimal effect is observed in the PT group.
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Rats , Mâle , Animaux , Moxibustion , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Cyclooxygenase 2 , bêta-Endorphine , Substance P , Interleukine-1 bêta , Migraines , Tronc cérébralRésumé
OBJECTIVE@#In this study, the role and potential mechanism of transformer 2β (Tra2β) in cervical cancer were explored.@*METHODS@#The transcriptional data of Tra2β in patients with cervical cancer from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and cBioPortal databases were investigated. The functions of Tra2β were evaluated by using Western blot, MTT, colony formation, Transwell assays, and nude mouse tumor formation experiments. Target genes regulated by Tra2β were studied by RNA-seq. Subsequently, representative genes were selected for RT-qPCR, confocal immunofluorescence, Western blot, and rescue experiments to verify their regulatory relationship.@*RESULTS@#The dysregulation of Tra2β in cervical cancer samples was observed. Tra2β overexpression in Siha and Hela cells enhanced cell viability and proliferation, whereas Tra2β knockdown showed the opposite effect. Alteration of Tra2β expression did not affect cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, tumor xenograft models verified that Tra2β promoted cervical cancer growth. Mechanically, Tra2β positively regulated the mRNA and protein level of SP1, which was critical for the proliferative capability of Tra2β.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrated the important role of the Tra2β/SP1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
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Humains , Animaux , Souris , Femelle , Tumeurs du col de l'utérus/génétique , Cellules HeLa , Prolifération cellulaire , Dosage biologique , Facteurs de transcription , Facteur de transcription Sp1/génétiqueRésumé
Biodegradation of pyridine pollutant by microorganisms is one of the economical and effective methods to solve the environmental pollution of pyridine under high salinity conditions. To this end, screening of microorganisms with pyridine degradation capability and high salinity tolerance is an important prerequisite. In this paper, a salt-resistant pyridine degradation bacterium was isolated from the activated sludge of Shanxi coking wastewater treatment plant, and identified as a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus on the basis of colony morphology and 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis. Salt tolerance experiment showed that strain LV4 could grow and degrade pyridine with the initial concentration of 500 mg/L completely in 0%-6% saline environment. However, when the salinity was higher than 4%, strain LV4 grew slowly and the degradation time of pyridine by strain LV4 was significantly prolonged. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell division of strain LV4 became slower, and more granular extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was induced to secrete in high salinity environment. When the salinity was not higher than 4%, strain LV4 responded to the high salinity environment mainly through increasing the protein content in EPS. The optimum conditions for pyridine degradation by strain LV4 at 4% salinity were 30 ℃, pH 7.0 and 120 r/min (DO 10.30 mg/L). Under these optimal conditions, strain LV4 could completely degrade pyridine with an initial concentration of 500 mg/L at a maximum rate of (29.10±0.18) mg/(L·h) after 12 h adaptation period, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency reached 88.36%, indicating that stain LV4 has a good mineralization effect on pyridine. By analyzing the intermediate products in pyridine degradation process, it was speculated that strain LV4 achieved pyridine ring opening and degradation mainly through two metabolic pathways: pyridine-ring hydroxylation and pyridine-ring hydrogenation. The rapid degradation of pyridine by strain LV4 in high salinity environment indicates its application potential in the pollution control of high salinity pyridine environment.