Résumé
El presente reporte de caso describe a un paciente varón de 19 años, que presentaba como principales síntomas frialdad emocional, ausencia de relaciones cercanas, problemas para experimentar placer con otras personas y carencia de motivación para trabajar o retomar sus estudios. Se diagnosticó un trastorno de personalidad esquizoide, producto de esquemas maladaptativos tempranos como inhibición, privación emocional, aislamiento social e inadecuación. Asimismo, se evidenció un contexto familiar rígido y fragmentado, con ausencia afectiva de padres y direccionado hacia normas estrictas en la conducta. El objetivo del estudio fue intervenir desde un enfoque clínico cognitivo los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos y síntomas que mantenían los rasgos de trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad en el paciente. Para esto se realizó una terapia cognitiva conductual, con técnicas como debates, imágenes para reparentalizar, asignación de tareas, uso del humor, entrenamiento de habilidades sociales, entre otros. Como conclusión se puede manifestar que los esquemas maladaptativos tempranos mantenían la sintomatología de personalidad esquizoide. Por último, se demostró a través de un criterio clínico y psicométrico que la terapia cognitiva conductual disminuyo las conductas de personalidad esquizoide en el paciente.
The present case report describes a 19-year-old male patient whose main symptoms were emotional coldness, absence of close relationships, difficulty experiencing pleasure with other people, and lack of motivation to work or to continue his studies. A schizoid personality disorder was diagnosed as a product of early maladaptive patterns such as inhibition, emotional deprivation, social isolation, and inadequacy. Likewise, a rigid and fragmented family context was evidenced, with an affective absence of parents and a focus on strict behavioral rules. The study aimed to intervene, from a cognitive clinical approach, the early maladaptive patterns and symptoms that maintained the features of schizoid personality disorder in the patient. For this purpose, cognitive behavioral therapy was carried out, with techniques such as debates, images to reparentalize, assignment of tasks, use of humor, and social skills training, among others. In conclusion, it can be stated that the early maladaptive patterns maintained the schizoid personality symptomatology. Finally, it was demonstrated through clinical and psychometric criteria that cognitive behavioral therapy decreased schizoid personality behaviors in the patient.
Résumé
O presente estudo de caso aborda a problemática inerente à vivência de João, com 55 anos de idade, pautada por um padrão de angústia diante do passado e de intolerância com o presente. Percebe-se uma ansiedade permanente que traduz a tomada da consciência latente do conflito que permanece entre o eu e sua experiência real. O conhecimento da sua vivência atual adivinha uma organização de personalidade esquizoide em que acresce uma depressividade significativa com ideação suicida frequente. A intervenção psicoterapêutica tem o objetivo de facilitar o crescimento pessoal e integrar as transformações pessoais, as exigências sociais e as expectativas futuras do paciente. O método utilizado foi direcionado para a livre expressão dos seus sentimentos numa perspectiva de intervenção enquadrada na Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa. Os resultados revelam uma crescente libertação pessoal, marcada pela expressão de sentimentos e maior aceitação de si. Evidenciou-se, ao longo do processo, uma maior adaptação psicossocial por parte do paciente...
This case study discusses the problems inherent in the experience of a 55 year old man, evidenced by a pattern of distress faced with the past and intolerance toward the present. A permanent anxiety was evident that translated into a latent awareness of the conflict between the self and his real experience. The knowledge of his actual experience indicated a schizoid personality organization with significant depressivity and frequent suicidal ideation. The psychotherapeutic intervention was designed with the aim of facilitating personal growth and integrating personal transformation, social demands and the future expectations of the patient. The Methodological procedures used were directed toward the free expression of his feelings from the perspective of an intervention based on the Person Centered Aproach. The results reveal a growing process of personal liberation evidenced by the expression of feelings and greater self-acceptance. Throughout the psycotherapeutic process higher psychossocial adaptation of the patient was evidenced...