One hundred thirty years of Dom Pedro II's death: "the emperor of the tropics" and the beginning of Brazilian Psychiatry / Cento e trinta anos da morte de Dom Pedro II: "o imperador dos trópicos" e o começo da psiquiatria brasileira

OBJETIVO: Associar a trajetória de vida de Dom Pedro II com o começo da história da psiquiatria brasileira por meio do Hospício Pedro II. MÉTODOS: Realizamos uma revisão narrativa da literatura com a pesquisa de três bases de dados: Google Scholar, PubMed e Web of Science (SciELO). RESULTADOS: A primeira instituição psiquiátrica brasileira, o Hospício Pedro II (1841-1889), foi criado por meio do Decreto nº 82, publicado no dia 18 de julho de 1841. Essa publicação ocorreu durante a cerimônia de coroação de Dom Pedro II. O objetivo dessa cerimônia de coroação era fortalecer o poder da monarquia brasileira e legitimizar a antecipação da maioridade do imperador com 14 anos. Ao longo dos 48 anos do império de Dom Pedro II, seus interesses culturais e científicos influenciaram o surgimento de uma incipiente pesquisa científica brasileira. Nesse sentido, o Hospício Pedro II não era apenas representativo de uma instituição de saúde, mas uma resposta às mudanças sociais e culturais que ocorreram após a chegada da família real portuguesa em 1808. Também era um representativo da influência da psiquiatria francesa baseada no tratamento moral de Phillipe Pinel (1745-1826). CONCLUSÃO: De forma concisa, o Hospício Pedro II era uma representação da personalidade de Dom Pedro II como um patrono da ciência, a emergência de uma psiquiatria brasileira e da hierarquia da sociedade imperial.

OBJECTIVE: Associate Dom Pedro II's life trajectory and the beginning of Brazilian psychiatry through the Pedro II Asylum. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review of the literature on three search databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science (SciELO). RESULTS: The first Brazilian psychiatry institution, the Pedro II Asylum (1841-1889), was created by the number 82 decree on 18 July 1841. The launching occurred at Dom Pedro II's coronation ceremony. It was a celebration that aimed at enhancing the Brazilian monarch's power and at legitimizing the emperor's adulthood at the age of fourteen. Throughout the 48 years of the Dom Pedro II empire, his cultural and science interests influenced the emergence of incipient Brazilian scientific research. In this regard, the Pedro II Asylum was portrayed not only as a health care institution but also undertook an effort to attend the social and cultural modifications promoted at the Brazilian imperial court after the Portuguese Crown family arrived in 1808. It also represented the influence of French psychiatry based on Phillipe Pinel's (1745- 1826) principles of moral treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Concisely, the Pedro II Asylum was a representation of Dom Pedro II's personality as a patron of science, the emergence of Brazilian psychiatry, and the imperial society hierarchy.

Grandes mujeres científicas: Maud Leonora Menten / Great scientific women: Maud Leonora Menten

Maud Leonora Menten nació en Canadá, tuvo cuatro títulos universitarios: Bachiller en Artes, Master en Fisiología, médica y Doctora en Bioquímica. Trabajó en Estados Unidos, Alemania y Canadá. Trabajó en diferentes áreas: en la distribución de los iones cloruro en el sistema nervioso central, en tumores experimentales y su tratamiento con bromuro de radio, en el equilibrio ácido-base durante la anestesia, en el mecanismo hiperglucemiante de toxinas bacterianas, en el descubrimiento de un mecanismo de acoplamiento en química orgánica y hasta en la electroforesis de las hemoglobinas humanas. Sin embargo, el aporte por el cual es más conocida es su trabajo en el estudio de la cinética enzimática junto a Leonor Michaelis en 1913. El propósito de este trabajo es exponer la vida personal y académica de una científica conocida por la gran mayoría de los profesionales de la salud. La mujer que a principios del siglo XX trabajó con grandes investigadores de Canadá, Estados Unidos y Alemania, cuyos aportes científicos fueron reconocidos muchas décadas después. (AU)

Maud Leonora Menten was born in Canada; she had four university degrees, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Physiology, Physician and Doctor of Biochemistry. She worked in the United States, Germany, and Canada. Maud worked in different areas: the distribution of chloride ions in the central nervous system, experimental tumors and their treatment with radium bromide, the acid-base balance during anesthesia, the hyperglycemic mechanism of bacterial toxins, the discovery of a coupling mechanism in organic chemistry and even the electrophoresis of human hemoglobins. However, the contribution for which she is best known is for her work in the study of enzymatic kinetics with Leonor Michaelis in 1913. The aim of this paper is to expose the personal and academic life of a scientist known to the vast majority of Health professionals. The woman who, at the beginning of the 20th century, worked with great researchers from Canada, the United States and Germany, whose scientific contributions were recognized many decades later. (AU)

Nicolaus Copernicus: médico e astrônomo polonês / Nicolaus Corpenicus: A Polish physician and astronomer

Este artigo constitui-se um esboço de alguns aspectos relevantes da vida de Nicolau Copérnico. Destaque para a sua atividade de médico praticante, pouco divulgada por seus biógrafos. Trata-se de tentativa de corrigir o conceito errôneo e muito divulgado de sua condição de sacerdote. Representa exame das razões de sua reserva e relutância em divulgar conclusões sobre sua hipótese heliocêntrica.

This paper introduces some relevant aspects of the life of Nicolaus Copernicus. It emphasizes his performance as a medical practitioner, which has been neglected by his biographers. This is an attempt to rectify the mistaken and widely spread idea of his conduct as a clergyman. It also assesses some reasons for his discretion and reluctance in publicizing his conclusions on the heliocentric hypothesis.

Discussion on the Medicine History Teaching Esthetically Educates Discourse how to Pppreciate the Beauty of the Medical Science History Education / 中国医学伦理学

the education the education of appreciate the beauty is a kind of character education,.And the character of a kind of spirit level of structure the education.It can educate what medical science living to appreciate beauty the ability,and affect the medical science the concept of value that living,and increase the medical science the human life state that living,and educate the medical science the creation thought that living.this article basic of medical science history teaching to discuss how foster the students to appreciate the beauty of the education.

The Teaching of Medical Science History in STS Education / 中国医学伦理学

The themes of STS education comprise not only the education of science and technology,but also education in such aspects as the clarification of sense of social responsibility,enhancement of citizens' service awareness,and establishment of correct world view,outlook on life,morality,and values.The various educational functions of medical science history in this thesis thoroughly reflect and also verify the new educational thoughts in STS education.