Asociación entre diabetes y depresión en una población hospitalaria con diabetes mellitus

Introducción: Los pacientes diabéticos asocian depresión con una frecuencia mayor que la población general. Actualmente se considera que existe una relación bidireccional entre diabetes y depresión. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la frecuencia de síntomas depresivos y su vínculo con factores sociodemográficos, control metabólico, tratamiento y complicaciones crónicas en una unidad de diabetes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 142 pacientes, la frecuencia de síntomas de depresión fue de 36.7%. Se encontró asociación con complicaciones crónicas y menor adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: Es necesario utilizar métodos de screening para evaluar depresión en población de pacientes con diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetic patients associate depression with a higher frequency than the general population. It is currently considered that there is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression. Objetive: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of depressive symptoms and their relationship with sociodemographic factors, metabolic control, treatment, and chronic complications in a diabetes unit. Results: 142 patients were included, the frequency of depression symptoms was 36.7%. An association with chronic complications and lower adherence to treatment was found. Conclusions: It is necessary to use screening methods to assess depression in the population of patients with diabetes.

Introdução: Pacientes diabéticos associam a depressão com maior frequência do que a população em geral. Atualmente considera-se que existe uma relação bidirecional entre diabetes e depressão. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a frequência de sintomas depressivos e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos, controle metabólico, tratamento e complicações crônicas em uma unidade de diabetes. Resultados: 142 pacientes foram incluídos, a frequência de sintomas de depressão foi de 36,7%. Encontrou-se associação com complicações crônicas e menor adesão ao tratamento. Conclusões: É necessário usar métodos de triagem para avaliar a depressão na população de pacientes com diabetes.

Evaluation of Anti-Depressant Potential of Medicinal Ghrita

This article aims to evaluate the possible antidepressant effect of the Ghrita prepared from the combination of these plants and to provide probable scientific explanations for using medicated Ghrita (ghee) in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Herbs for Ghrita like Marsilea quadrifolia, Lawsonia inermis, Mimosa pudica, Piper betle were collected freshly during the month of June. One part Kalka (herb bolus), 4 parts pure cow ghee, and 16 parts Dravadravya were used to make Ghrita (Swarasa). Anti-depressant potential of the Ghrita was evaluated by forced swimming, tail suspension, locomotor activity, rota-rod test (motor co-ordination), elevated plus maze (EPM) model, and hole board test were used to assess the Ghrita's anti-depressant potential. According to the Irwin schedule, Gritha medication reduces alertness but has no effect on other parameters, but imipramine treatment reduces responsiveness, alertness, grooming, and writing reflexes to some extent. Following 14 days of therapy with medicinal Ghrita, the immobility time in the forced swim test and the tail suspension test were reduced by 29% and 42%, respectively. In the rotarod test, it had no significant effect on muscle gripping ability when compared to control animals, whereas imipramine produced a significant result. It was observed that the medicinal Gritha significantly (p<0.05) decreases the locomotor activity in actophotometer test and head dips counts in hole board test as compared to control at the end of 14 days study in a 5 minute observation. Ghrita increased the number of entries in the elevated plus maze by 50% and the time spent in the open arm by 72%. The results of this investigation suggest the possible antidepressant potential of medicinal Ghrita.

Cervical cancer screening awareness and uptake among under-screened women in a rural Nigerian community

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequent female genital tract malignancy in Nigeria, with the majority of patients suffering from advanced stages of the disease. A low level of awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer and screening has been identified as oneof the causes of cervical screening underutilization in Nigeria. This study aims to determine the level of cervical cancer screening awareness and uptake among rural Nigerian women.Method:The study design was cross sectional, carried out among adult women in the Orhuwhorun community in Udu Local Government Area of Delta State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 234 women from May to June 2021. Data were collected by semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done with SPSS v. 25.0.Result: Two hundred and thirty-fourwomen of mean age 41.08 years (SD ± 8.45) were enrolled. The level of awareness of cervical cancer screening methods was 9.4%while screening uptake was only 4.3% among rural women in Orhuwhorun.Conclusion: The awareness of cervical cancer screening methods and uptake was very low among rural women in Delta State. It is, therefore, imperative that cervical cancer awareness campaigns among this populace are increased and screening services be less expensive and accessible

Screening and influence of common psychological disorders in the perinatal period / 中国实用护理杂志

With the change of medical model, the impact of common psychological disorders on the occurrence, development and treatment has been paid more attention to. If the diagnosis is not timely, it can result in serious long-term effects on the wellbeing of women, their partners and infants. We reviewed the recent foreign studies on the common psychological problems of perinatal women and summarize the epidemiology, identification and interventions, so as to understand the impact on the offspring. It is of great significance to strengthen the training for health professionals in wider psychosocial assessment and to adopt effective intervention methods to alleviate the adverse psychological state of perinatal women.

Preliminary study of the technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound: from procedure to diagnosis / Estudo preliminar das limitações técnicas da ultrassonografia automatizada da mama: do procedimento ao diagnóstico

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the main technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound and to determine the proportion of examinations excluded. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 440 automated breast ultrasound examinations performed, over a 12-month period, by technicians using an established protocol. Results: In five cases (1.1%), the examination was deemed unacceptable for diagnostic purposes, those examinations therefore being excluded. Conclusion: Automated breast ultrasound is expected to overcome some of the major limitations of conventional ultrasound in breast cancer screening. In Brazil, this new method can be accepted for inclusion in routine clinical practice only after its advantages have been validated in the national context.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as principais limitações técnicas e a porcentagem de exames excluídos de ultrassonografia automatizada. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizados 440 exames de ultrassonografia automatizada das mamas no período 12 meses, por técnicas, com protocolo estabelecido. Resultados: Em cinco casos (1,1%) a interpretação do estudo foi inaceitável, sendo o exame excluído do presente estudo para fins de diagnóstico. Conclusão: A ultrassonografia automatizada das mamas apresenta a expectativa de resolver importantes limitações da ultrassonografia convencional no rastreamento do câncer de mama, sendo necessária uma maior validação de dados brasileiros, para que este novo método seja aceito na prática clínica de rotina.

Awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and its screening methods among female undergraduate Allied Health Science students of a college in semi urban Chennai

Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall. There were over 2 million new cases in 2018 diagnosed worldwide. The Indian Council of Medical Research found that an estimated 1.5 lakh new cases of breast cancer were reported in 2016, making it the most common cancer among Indians.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with the total sample size of 256 female participants which includes first year to interns. Pre-designed semi structured questionnaire was given to the students. The knowledge was assessed in terms of risk factors, symptoms, methods of diagnosis and self-breast examination. The statistical analysis used was MS Excel 2019.Results: Out of 256 female undergraduate Allied health science students, 142 (55.47%) had good knowledge while 114 (44.53%) had poor awareness and knowledge about breast cancer and its screening methods.Conclusions: As many of the students have low knowledge on breast cancer and its screening techniques. Hence some activities on breast cancer should be planned to improve the awareness among Allied health science students.

Resevrch progress in screening methods of calcineurin inhibitors / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Calcineurin inhibitor screening should benefit from the strengths of each method. This paper reviews three calcineurin inhibitor screening methods:yeast positive screening model, yeast reporter gene high through- put screening model and calcineurin activity detection method. We have compared the range of application, advantages and disadvantages of each method, and combined effect of multiple methods. The yeast positive screening model can prevent the false positiveness caused by bacteriostat by using growth zooms instead of inhibition zooms. The yeast reporter gene high through-put screening model is suitable for pilot screening among a wide range of samples and is more efficient than the other methods. The calcineurin activity detection method can directly report the inhibitory ratio to a specific target. This review is expected provide a model-selection reference for the development of novel low-toxic calcineurin inhibitors.

Indicators of depression in elderly and different screening methods / Indicadores de depressão em idosos e os diferentes métodos de rastreamento

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among elderly and correlate the agreement between the screening methods used. Methods A cross-section study of 137 elderly attending the Programa Vivendo a Terceira Idade [Living for the Elderly Program]. Depressive symptoms were screened by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, by Yesavage. Cohen´s kappa analyzed the degree of agreement of these scales. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms screened by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was 62.8% and, by the Geriatric Depression Scale, 52.6%. The Spearman correlation between the results of scales obtained rho=0.387, p<0.000. The Kappa reliability coefficient was 0.41 and significance level of p<0.001. The screening methods showed sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 44%. Conclusion Both scales showed moderate agreement and were useful for detecting a relevant prevalence of the target outcome of depression among the elderly.

RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência dos sintomas depressivos entre idosos e correlacionar a concordância entre os métodos de rastreamentos utilizados. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal com 137 idosos vinculados ao Programa Vivendo a Terceira Idade. Os sintomas depressivos foram rastreados peloPatient Health Questionnaire-9 e pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica de Yesavage-15. O teste Kappa de Cohen analisou o grau de concordância dessas escalas. Resultados A prevalência dos sintomas depressivos rastreados pelo Patient Health Questionnaire-9 foi 62,8% e, pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, foi 52,6%. A correlação de Spearman entre os resultados das escalas obteve rho=0,387, p<0,000. O coeficiente de confiabilidade de Kappa foi 0,41 e significância de p<0,001. Os métodos de rastreamento apresentaram sensibilidade de 80% e especificidade de 44%. Conclusão Ambas as escalas apresentaram moderada concordância e foram úteis para detectar uma relevante prevalência do desfecho indicativo de depressão entre os idosos.

Virtual Screening for Potential Inhibitors of NS3 Protein of Zika Virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito borne pathogen, belongs to Flaviviridae family having a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, currently known for causing large epidemics in Brazil. Its infection can cause microcephaly, a serious birth defect during pregnancy. The recent outbreak of ZIKV in February 2016 in Brazil realized it as a major health risk, demands an enhanced surveillance and a need to develop novel drugs against ZIKV. Amodiaquine, prochlorperazine, quinacrine, and berberine are few promising drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration against dengue virus which also belong to Flaviviridae family. In this study, we performed molecular docking analysis of these drugs against nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein of ZIKV. The protease activity of NS3 is necessary for viral replication and its prohibition could be considered as a strategy for treatment of ZIKV infection. Amongst these four drugs, berberine has shown highest binding affinity of –5.8 kcal/mol and it is binding around the active site region of the receptor. Based on the properties of berberine, more similar compounds were retrieved from ZINC database and a structure-based virtual screening was carried out by AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8. Best 10 novel drug-like compounds were identified and amongst them ZINC53047591 (2-(benzylsulfanyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1'-cyclopentan]-4(6H)-one) was found to interact with NS3 protein with binding energy of –7.1 kcal/mol and formed H-bonds with Ser135 and Asn152 amino acid residues. Observations made in this study may extend an assuring platform for developing anti-viral competitive inhibitors against ZIKV infection.

An Appraisal of Screening Methods for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

The importance of screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is universally accepted but there is controversy and uncertainty about the most suitable method of screening among various populations. The majority of the patients are asymptomatic. After nearly 60 years of research the screening and diagnosis of GDM, universal screening evades uniform acceptance and remains debatable. Multiple studies, numerous global consensus conferences and several multicenter trials had not identified the unique procedure. Surprisingly still there is uncertainty regarding the most effective method of screening among various populations. The prevalence of GDM varies from less than 1% to more than 10% It is increasing due to dietary habits, overweight, maternal age, ethnicity, family history and past history .Prevalence vary due to the use of a wide range of definitions and diagnostic test criteria, as well as variations across regions and ethnic groups. The merits of available screening methods such as urine testing for glycosuria, 50g glucose challenge test (GCT), random blood sugar testing, fasting blood glucose (FBS) , estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin , fructosamine ,75g oral Glucose Tolerance Test (75g OGTT) and two step approach (Combination of methods) are analysed. In countries where funds are limited, certainly the selective screening is cost effective compared to whole population screening. After many decades of research, only up-to-date considerations are Random blood glucose, O’Sullivan, 75g and Complete OGTT.

Formula Screening in the Research of Preparation / 中药新药与临床药理

It is considered that formula screening should be in accordance with the heory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the composition of formula should be simpliied. The doses of each ingredient and whole formula should be paid attention. In order to arantee the safety ana offectiveness of the preparation, the method of dose screening was roposed.