Analysis of the characteristics of second primary malignancy affecting the survival of lymphoma patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of the second primary tumor affecting the survival of patients with lymphoma, and to explore the risk factors of death from the second primary tumor.@*Methods@#The medical records and related death information of 1 173 lymphoma patients who had already died with known causes were collected. The basic causes of death and the characteristics of patients who died of the second primary tumor were analyzed. Cox regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of lymphoma patients who died of the second primary tumor.@*Results@#Among the 1 173 patients who had died, 94 (8.0%) died of the second primary tumor, 935 (79.7%) died of the primary lymphoma and 144 (12.3%) died of other diseases. The second primary tumor accounted for 17.5% (38/217) of all causes of death in patients with the survival period of more than 5 years, and the second primary tumor accounted for 28.3% (17/60) of all causes of death in patients with the survival period of more than 10 years. Among 94 cases who died of second primary tumors, 31 died of lung cancer, 15 died of gastric cancer, 13 died of liver cancer, 9 died of pancreatic cancer, 6 died of colorectal cancer, 6 died of second primary lymphoma and 14 died of other types of tumors. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, first-line treatment effect, and chest or mediastinal radiotherapy were associated with the death from second primary tumors for lymphoma patients (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the effect of first-line treatment (P=0.030) and the chest or mediastinal radiotherapy (P=0.039) were independent factors for the death of lymphoma patients from the second primary tumor.@*Conclusions@#The second primary tumor is an important factor affecting the survival of lymphoma patients, and the risk of death from second primary tumors increases significantly over time. The effect of first-line treatment and radiotherapy in the chest or mediastinum are independent factors for the death of lymphoma patients from the second primary tumor.

Causes of death in 1,173 patients with lymphoma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To understand the causes of death and long-term prognosis of lymphoma patients. Methods: Data from 6 200 patients with lymphoma admitted to the Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital, from January 1995 to Decem-ber 2017, were collected. Those who had died and whose causes of death were known were selected. Clinical records and information on death were collected. Results: A total of 1,173 patients were selected, 742 of whom were male (63.3% ), and 431 were female (36.7%). The median age was 56 (8-92) years. There were 77 cases (6.6%) of Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1,095 cases (93.4%) of non-Hodg-kin's lymphoma, and 1 case of unclear pathological classification. Overall population survival was 0-253 months, with a median surviv-al rate of 20 months. The direct causes of death included lymphoma in 688 (58.7%), various infectious diseases in 119 (10.1%), cardio-vascular diseases in 96 (8.2%), secondary primary tumors in 68 (5.8%), and other diseases in 202 cases (17.2%). The underlying causes of death included lymphoma in 936 (79.8%), secondary primary tumors in 94 (8.0%), cardiovascular diseases in 75 (6.4%), respiratory diseases in 32 (2.7%) and other diseases in 36 cases (3.1%). The underlying causes of death in cases wherein survival time exceeded 5 years included lymphoma in 129 (59.4%), secondary primary tumors in 38 (17.5%), cardiovascular diseases in 35 (16.1%), and other dis-eases in 15 cases (6.9%). The underlying causes of death in cases wherein survival time exceeded 10 years included lymphoma in 28 (46.7%), secondary primary tumors in 17 (28.3%), cardiovascular diseases in 7 (11.7%), and other diseases in 8 cases (13.3%). Conclu-sions: Primary tumors remain the main cause of death in patients with lymphoma. After primary tumors, secondary primary tumors and cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death, and with the prolongation of survival, the risk of death caused by these factors increases significantly.

Causes of death in patients with lymphoma during long-term follow-up / 中国肿瘤临床

The prognosis of lymphoma patients is relatively good, and most patients may survive for a long time after standard treatment. Long-term follow-up of lymphoma survivors may reveal some late complications related to the treatment. Analysis of the causes of death is helpful in further improving the prognosis of lymphoma patients. The purpose of this article is to review the causes of death in patients with lymphoma during long-term follow-up to generate new ideas for follow-up and treatment of lymphoma patients.

A Case of Tracheal Cancer Arising 3 Years after Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal Cancer

Tracheal cancer is rare and accounts for approximately 0.03% of all malignancies. Because of atypical symptoms, tracheal cancer can be misdiagnosed as obstructive lung disease, or tumors of thyroid or lung. Among patients of previous head and neck cancer, other primary cancer may accompany which called “second primary cancer”. We report a case of patient with tracheal cancer 3 years after definite radiation therapy of laryngeal cancer with a review of related literatures.

Follow-up in Head and Neck Cancer: Do More Does It Mean Do Better? A Systematic Review and Our Proposal Based on Our Experience

As the patients population ages, cancer screening increases, and cancer treatments improve, millions more head and neck carcinoma (HNC) patients will be classified as cancer survivors in the future. Change in epidemiology with human papillomavirus related HNC leads to a number of young treated patients. After treatment for HNC intensive surveillance, including ear, nose and throat (ENT) endoscopy, imaging, and serology, confers a survival benefit that became less evident in unresectable recurrence. We performed a comprehensive revision of literature and analyzed the experience of our centre. We revised publications on this topic and added data derived from the interdisciplinary work of experts within medical oncology, ENT, and radiation oncology scientific societies. We retrospectively collected local and distant recurrence of chemoradiation treated patients at Santa Croce and Carle University Hospital. A HNC follow-up program is not already codified and worldwide accepted. There is a need of scheduled follow-up. We suggest adopting a standardized follow-up guideline, although a multidisciplinary approach is frequently requested to tailor surveillance program and treatment on each patient.

Spindle cell carcinoma of the tongue combined with double primary cancer of the thyroid gland: a case report

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is referred to as a variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It is also known as "sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma" because it consists of normal squamous carcinoma cells with spindle-shaped cells that appear similar to a sarcoma. The term, "second primary tumor" (SPT) or "double primary tumor", is proposed for a second tumor that develops independently from the first. SPTs can present as either synchronous or metachronous lesions. Synchronous SPTs are defined as tumors occurring simultaneously or within 6 months after the first tumor. The patient in this case, whose primary tumor was in the tongue, was diagnosed with SpCC with metastases to both neck lymph nodes. This case also exhibited a second primary cancer as a synchronous lesion in the thyroid gland, which is uncommon. All carcinomas, both in the tongue and thyroid gland, were removed surgically, and especially in the tongue, an anterolateral thigh free flap was performed successfully to replace the defect.

Incidence of second primary oral cancer tumors: a retrospective study / Incidência de segundos tumores primários de câncer de boca: um estudo retrospectivo

Purpose: Most head and neck malignant neoplasias are diagnosed in advanced stages. Another threatening element to the patients' survival chances and quality of life is the high risk of developing a second primary tumor (SPT). SPT significantly worsens prognosis, and for that reason patients must be monitored for early diagnosis. The main objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of SPTs in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated in Erasto Gaertner Hospital (EGH), Curitiba, PR, Brazil, in a period of 16 years. Methods: Design: retrospective study. The sample comprised patients with OSCC who developed SPT between January 1990 and December 2005. Demographic and clinical data were recorded form the patients' medical charts and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: During this period, 34,637 patients were admitted at EGH. A total of 1,637 (4.4%) patients were diagnosed with OSCC, and 37 (2.7%) developed a SPT. Patients who developed SPT were 29 (78.4%) male and 8 (21.6%) female, with a median age of 58 years old. The most frequent anatomical SPT site was the mouth, oropharynx and oesophagus, with an overall survival of 27%. Conclusion: Patients treated from OSCC must be carefully monitored because of the increased risk of SPT, especially when there is a continuous history of tobacco and alcohol consumption.

Objetivo: A maioria das neoplasias malignas de cabeça e pescoço é diagnosticada em estágios avançados. O alto risco de desenvolver um segundo tumor primário (STP) diminui a taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes. STP piora significativamente o prognóstico e estudos sobre ele devem ser realizados para se descobrir seus fatores de risco e melhor forma de tratamento. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência de STP em pacientes com carcinoma epidermóide bucal (CEB) tratados no Hospital Erasto Gaertner (HEG), Curitiba, PRP, Brasil, num período de 16 anos. Metodologia: Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado a fim de revisar os pacientes com CEB que desenvolveram STP entre Janeiro de 1990 e Dezembro de 2005. Os dados demográficos e clínicos foram coletados através dos prontuários médicos dos pacientes e foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: Neste período, 34.637 pacientes foram admitidos no HEG. Um total de 1637 (4,4%) pacientes recebeu diagnóstico de CEB, dos quais 37 (2,7%) desenvolveram STP. Os pacientes que desenvolveram STP eram 29 (78,4%) homens e 8 (21,6%) mulheres, com média de idade de 58 anos. Os sítios anatômicos mais frequentes para o STP foram a boca, orofaringe e esôfago; a taxa de sobrevivência foi de 27%. Conclusão: Pacientes tratados de CEB devem ser examinados cuidadosamente e monitorados regularmente por causa do alto risco de desenvolver um STP, especialmente aqueles que mantêm os hábitos de tabagismo e etilismo.

Segundo tumor primário em pacientes com câncer de vias aerodigestivas superiores / Second primary tumor in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer

Nos primeiros três anos após o tratamento dos pacientes com carcinomas epidermoides de vias aerodigestivas superiores (VADS), observa-se elevada incidência de recidivas. Depois do terceiro ano, o aparecimento de um segundo tumor primário (STP) torna-se importante causa de morbi-mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência e o perfil dos STP em pacientes com carcinoma epidermoide de VADS tratados com intenção curativa. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo em que foram analisadas a incidência, localização e tratamento dos STP e calculada sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Dos 624 casos analisados, 59 (9,4 por cento) tiveram STP durante o seguimento (4 sincrônicos e 55 metacrônicos). A sobrevida livre de STP variou de 2 a 191,3 meses (mediana, 42,5 meses). Em 20 casos (33,9 por cento) o STP foi diagnosticado após o quinto ano de seguimento. O local mais acometido por STP foi a mucosa das VADS (49,1 por cento), seguida pelo pulmão (22,0 por cento) e pelo esôfago (11,9 por cento). A melhor sobrevida pós-STP foi dos casos de STP nas VADS (32,2 por cento em 5 anos, mediana 16,2 meses). CONCLUSÃO: Nos pacientes avaliados a incidência de STP foi de 9,4 por cento. Em 33,9 por cento dos casos o STP foi diagnosticado após o quinto ano de seguimento. A localização mais frequente dos STP foi a mucosa das VADS.

In the first three years after treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), there is a high incidence of recurrences. After the third year, the occurrence of second primary tumor (SPT) is an important cause of morbimortality. AIM: To evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of the SPT in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of UADT, treated with curative intention. METHODS: Retrospective study where the incidence, localization and treatment of SPT had been analyzed and survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 624 analyzed cases, 59 (9.4 percent) had SPT during follow-up (4 synchronous and 55 metachronous). The SPT free survival rate ranged from 2 to 191.3 months (median of 42.5 months). In 20 cases (33.9 percent) the SPT was diagnosed after the fifth year of follow-up. The most frequent site of STP was the UADT mucosa (49.1 percent), followed by the lungs (22.0 percent) and the esophagus (11.9 percent). The best survival after-SPT occurred in cases of UADT STP (32.2 percent in 5 years, median 16.2 months). CONCLUSION: The STP incidence was 9.4 percent. In 33.9 percent of the cases, the SPT was diagnosed after the fifth year of follow-up. The most frequent localization of STP was the UADT mucosa.