Differences in Muscle Strength Performance According to the Genotypes of the rs4646994 Polymorphism of the ACE Gene in a Sedentary Population

SUMMARY: The angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) has been associated with endurance and strength performance through its I/D polymorphism. Nevertheless, contradictory results exist between different populations. In this context, the purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene on muscle strength in a sedentary Chilean sample. In this study 102 healthy male students (21.3 ± 2.2 years) completed the assessment. I/D genotyping, cardiovascular, anthropometric, grip strength and knee extensor peak strength were evaluated. The ACE polymorphism frequency was: II, 33.3 %; ID, 46.1 %; DD, 20.6 %. The results showed significant differences and large effect size in maximum (p = 0.004; d = 0.85) and relative handgrip strength (p = 0.004; d = 0.9) between genotype II vs DD. No difference was found for maximal or relative knee extensor strength between groups (p = 0.74), showing a low effect size (d = 0.20). In conclusion, this study provides insights into the role of the ACE gene in muscle strength and highlights the importance of investigating genetic variants in sedentary populations to better understand strength performance.

El gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE) se ha asociado con el rendimiento de resistencia y fuerza a través de su polimorfismo I/D. Sin embargo, existen resultados contradictorios entre diferentes poblaciones. En este contexto, el propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen ACE sobre la fuerza muscular en una muestra chilena sedentaria. En este estudio, fueron evaluados 102 estudiantes varones sanos (21,3 ± 2,2 años). Se realizaron aplicaron las siguientes evaluaciones: genotipado del polimorfismo I/D, cardiovascular, antropométrica, fuerza de prensión y fuerza máxima de extensión de rodilla. La frecuencia del polimorfismo I/D de ACE fue: II, 33,3 %; DNI, 46,1 %; DD, 20,6 %. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas y un gran tamaño del efecto en la fuerza máxima (p = 0,004; d = 0,85) y relativa de prensión manual (p = 0,004; d = 0,9) entre el genotipo II y el DD. No se encontraron diferencias en la fuerza máxima o relativa de los extensores de rodilla entre los grupos (p = 0,74), lo que muestra un tamaño de efecto bajo (d = 0,20). En conclusión, este estudio proporciona información sobre el papel del gen ACE en la fuerza muscular y destaca la importancia de investigar variantes genéticas en poblaciones sedentarias para comprender mejor el rendimiento de la fuerza.

Projeto Toy Box: estimulando a atividade física ao brincar em família durante a pandemia de COVID-19 / Toy Box Project: encouraging the physical activity when play with the family during the COVID-19 pandemic

Apesar da alta incidência do comportamento sedentário na infância, brincadeira popular em família pode estimular o estilo de vida saudável. Objetivou-se analisar o impacto da disponibilização de uma caixa com brinquedos populares no nível de atividade física (NAF) de crianças. 33 crianças de 7 a 11 anos, foram divididas em: grupo controle, sem intervenção, (GC, n = 12, ♂ = 4, ♀ = 8) e grupo experimental (GE, n= 21, ♂ = 6, ♀ = 14), que recebeu uma caixa com brinquedos populares para interagir com a família por 1 mês. O NAF foi mensurado pelo do Questionário do Dia Típico de Atividade Física ­ DAFA. A ANOVA para medidas repetidas de dois fatores não revelou diferença significativa entre os momentos (p = 0,382), e nem na interação grupos*momentos (p = 0,666). Contudo, notou--se que o GE teve um aumento maior no NAF após a intervenção (Δ = 2,45 ± 10,55) comparado ao GC (Δ = 0,83 ± 9,40). Além de uma frequência maior de crianças do GE se tornando mais ativas (pré: 25%; pós: 40%) comparado ao GC (pré e pós: 67%). Concluiu-se que apesar da intervenção com brinquedos populares não ter resultado em diferença estatisticamente significativa no NAF das crianças analisadas, as diferenças clínicas demonstram que o Projeto Toy Box tem potencialidade para resultados promissores no NAF, sugerindo continuidade do estudo.

Despite the increased sedentary behavior in childhood, a playful strategy in the family, with traditional play, can encourage a healthy lifestyle. This study verified the impact of a box with traditional toys on children's physical activity level (PAL). Thirty-three children between 7 and 11 years old were divided into following groups: control group (CG, n = 12, ♂ = 4, ♀ = 8) without intervention, and experimental group (EG, n = 21, ♂ = 6, ♀ = 14) that received a box with traditional toys to use with family for a month. The PAL was evaluated thru a questionnaire (DAFA). The Repeated measures ANOVA did not showed significance between moments (p = 0.382), and nether for groups*moments interaction (p = 0.666). However, the EG improved PAL after intervention (Δ = 2.45 ± 10.55) compared to CG (Δ = 0.83 ± 9.40). Beyond that, in GE children became more physically active (pre: 25%; post: 40%) than CG (pre and post: 67%). In con-clusion, the traditional toys intervention did not result in a statistically significant PAL improvement in evaluated children, however, the clinical differences showed that the Toy Box project has the potential for promising results in PAL, suggesting the research extension.

Dolor lumbar crónico y la conducta sedentaria en estudiantes universitarios de medicina / Chronic Low Back Pain and Sedentary Behavior in Medical College Students / Dor lombar crônica e comportamento sedentário em estudantes universitários de medicina

Introducción: el dolor lumbar (dl) es una condición frecuente en los estudiantes de medicina y a partir de ahí se identifican diversos factores de riesgo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de dlen los últimos 12 meses y la conducta sedentaria en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico, prospectivo observacional, en el que participaron 167 encuestados. La conducta sedentaria se evaluó junto con la actividad física, a través del Cuestionario Mundial sobre Actividad Física; mientras que el dlse midió con el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka de Trastornos Musculoesqueléticos. Además, se valoraron variables demográficas y académicas como sexo, edad y ciclo universitario de los participantes. Resultados: se encontró una frecuencia de dldel 67.7 % y una media de conducta sedentaria de 9.5 horas (dt = 3.04). En el análisis mul-tivariado se halló que para cada hora sentado se aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de padecer dl (or = 1.17; p = 0.013). Los estudiantes que permanecen de 10 a más horas sentados/recostados presentan un aumento de riesgo de padecer dl(ora = 4.13; p = 0.001) frente a los que permanecen menos de 10 horas en estas posiciones. Conclusión: por cada hora en posición sedente/recostado, aumenta en 15 % el odds ratio de sufrir dlen los estudiantes, así como que acumular de 10 a más horas al día en posición sedente/recostado aumenta significativamente el padecer dl en los últimos 12 meses.

Introduction: Low back pain is a common condition among medical students, with various risk factors identified. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the presence of low back pain in the last 12 months (lbp) and sedentary behavior in medical students at a private university. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical, prospective observational study was conducted with 167 respon-dents (101 women and 66 men). The main measurements in this study included sedentary behavior and low back pain in the last 12 months. Sedentary behavior was assessed along with physical activity through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (gpaq), while low back pain was measured using the Kuorinka Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. In addition, demographic and academic variables such as gender, age, and academic cycle of the participants were assessed. Results: A frequency of low back pain of 67.7% and an average sedentary behavior of 9.5 hours (sd = 3.04) were found, 70.1% maintain a healthy level of physical activity. Greater sedentary behavior was found to be associated with a greater presence of lbp. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that for each hour seated, the likelihood of suffering lbpsignificantly increased (or = 1.17; p = 0.013). Students who remain seated/reclined for 10 or more hours have an increased risk of suffering low back pain (aor = 4.13; p = 0.001) compared to those who spend less than 10 hours in these positions. Conclusion: It is observed that for each hour in a seated/reclined position, the odds ratio of suffering low back pain in students increases by 15%, and accumulating 10 or more hours a day in a seated/reclined position significantly increases the suffering of low back pain in the last 12 months.

Introdução: a dor lombar é uma condição comum entre os estudantes de medicina, com diversos fatores de risco identificados. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a presença de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses (dl) e o comportamento sedentário em estudantes de medicina de uma universidade privada. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico, observacional prospectivo com 167 respondentes (101 mulheres e 66 homens). As principais medidas neste estudo incluíram o comportamento sedentário e a dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses. O comportamento sedentário foi ava-liado juntamente com a atividade física através do Questionário Mundial sobre Atividade Física (gpaq), enquanto a dor lombar foi medida usando o questionário nórdico de Kuorinka de transtornos muscu-loesqueléticos. Além disso, foram avaliadas variáveis demográficas e acadêmicas como o sexo, a idade e o ciclo acadêmico dos participantes. Resultados: foi encontrada uma frequência de dor lombar de 67,7% e uma média de comportamento sedentário de 9,5 horas (dp = 3,04), 70,1% mantêm um nível saudável de atividade física. Um maior comportamento sedentário foi encontrado associado a uma maior presença de dl. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se que para cada hora sentada, a probabilidade de sofrer dlaumenta significativamente (or = 1,17; p = 0,013). Estudantes que permanecem sentados/reclinados por 10 ou mais horas têm um risco aumentado de sofrer dor lombar (ora = 4,13; p = 0,001) em comparação com aqueles que passam menos de 10 horas nessas posições. Conclusão: observa-se que para cada hora em posição sentada/reclinada, a razão de chances de sofrer dor lombar nos estudantes aumenta em 15%, e acumular 10 ou mais horas por dia em posição sentada/reclinada aumenta significativamente o sofri-mento de dor lombar nos últimos 12 meses.

Association between sedentary behaviors with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between sedentary behavior with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adolescents, and to provide some references for sedentary behavior prevention and executive function improvement.@*Methods@#From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were selected by stratified random sampling method in Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan,Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi to conduct physical activity survey, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function assessment. Pearson s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. The mediation effect model was fitted by the bootstrap mediation procedure in the PROCESS (version 3.3 ) SPSS macro compiled by Haves, and the mediation effect of adolescents cardiorespiratory fitness in the relationship between static behavior and executive function was examined using model 4 in the PROCESS SPSS macro, where Boosrap method was used to compute the mediation effect of adolescents cardiorespiratory fitness. where the Boosrap method was used to calculate confidence intervals for the mediating effects.@*Results@#Adolescents daily sedentary time was positively correlated with both the refreshing function (1-back and 2-back) and the switch function reaction time ( r =0.05, 0.07, 0.05, P <0.01). Adolescent VO 2max was negatively correlated with both the refreshing function (1-back,2-back) and the switching function ( r =-0.09, -0.14 , -0.11, P <0.01). Adolescents daily sedentary time was negatively correlated with VO 2max ( r =-0.04, P <0.01); cardiorespiratory fitness mediated effect values between sedentary behavior and refreshing function (1-back and 2-back) and converted function were 0.20(95% CI =0.06-0.36), 0.43(95% CI =0.14-0.74) and 0.13 (95% CI =0.04-0.22), with mediating effect shares of 6.87%, 8.33% and 8.59%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The duration of sedentary behavior in adolescents is related to executive function performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness may serve as a mediator to mediate the association between sedentary behavior and executive function in adolescents.

Habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior as predictors of dynapenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dynapenia is a risk factor of mortality. Therefore, the development of low-cost and easy-to-apply tools is essential to optimize the health surveillance actions of older people. OBJECTIVES: To compare the time spent on habitual physical activity (HPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) among dynapenic and non-dynapenic older adults and ascertain the predictive ability of these behaviors on outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional population epidemiological survey was conducted involving 208 older adults. METHODS: HPA and SB were quantified using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and dynapenia was identified by handgrip strength (women: 18.37 kgf; men: 26.75 kgf). RESULTS: The prevalence was 24.50%. In both sexes, dynapenic individuals reported a HPA median time of 70.00 minutes/week (min/wk), while non-dynapenic women and men reported HPA median times of 240.00 and 280.00 min/wk, respectively (P < 0.05). For SB among dynapenic individuals, a median of 388.75 min/day was observed in women and 428.57 min/d in men. In contrast, non-dynapenic women and men had 291.42 and 274.28 min/day in SB (P < 0.05), respectively. The best cutoff HPA to discriminate the outcome was 150.00 min/wk in women (sensitivity: 73.30%; specificity: 60.67%) and 140.00 min/wk in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 61.54%). The best cutoff SB was 381.43 min/day in women (sensitivity, 53.30%; specificity, 84.80%) and 351.43 min/day in men (sensitivity, 71.43%; specificity, 73.85%). CONCLUSION: Older individuals with dynapenia spent less time on HPA and more time in SB. Furthermore, HPA was found to be a better discriminator of dynapenic individuals, and SB better discriminated non-dynapenic individuals.

Sedentary behavior among medical students: repercussions of the coronavirus pandemic / Conduta sedentária entre estudantes de medicina: repercussões da pandemia do coronavírus

ABSTRACT Introduction: In order to face COVID-19, social restriction measures were adopted that influenced the population's living habits, increasing sedentary lifestyle. Considering the high complexity and dedication required by the Medicine course, it becomes relevant to investigate the effect of the pandemic on the practice of physical exercise and sedentary behavior of these students. Objective: Identify changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior self-reported by medical students in the city of Salvador, Bahia, before and during the self-confinement imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective, quantitative study carried out with regularly enrolled medical students over 18 years of age. A virtual, structured, anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was applied, containing sociodemographic and academic aspects. In addition, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied in its short version, considering the period before and during the pandemic. Through this, the level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and time spent walking and performing moderate and vigorous activities were measured. Results: 268 medical students were included, predominantly women (65.7%), white (50.0%) and mixed race (38.8%), aged 24.2 ± 5.5 years, single (90.7%), attending the clinical cycle (59.0%), in private institutions (78.4%). No statistically significant differences were identified in the level of physical activity and in the time spent with moderate and vigorous activities. However, there was a reduction in walking time (p<0.00001) and an increase in sedentary behavior (p=0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the greatest impact among women (p=0.0009). Conclusion: The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have been shown to increase the sedentary behavior of medical students, especially among women, and to reduce activity time spent with walking. Longitudinal studies are needed to analyze the medium and long-term consequences of this change in the healthy lifestyle habits of medical students. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

Resumen Introducción: Frente al COVID-19 se adoptaron medidas de restricción social que influyeron en los hábitos de vida de la población, aumentando el sedentarismo. Considerando la alta complejidad y la dedicación exigida por la carrera de Medicina, se torna relevante investigar el efecto pandémico sobre la práctica de ejercicio físico y la conducta sedentaria de estos estudiantes. Objetivos: Identificar los cambios en la actividad física y en la conducta sedentaria auto-reportados por los estudiantes de Medicina de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, antes y durante el auto-confinamiento impuesto por la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, cuantitativo, realizado con estudiantes de medicina regularmente matriculados, mayores de 18 años. Foi aplicado um questionário virtual, estruturado, anónimo, autocompletado, contendo aspectos sociodemográficos e académicos. Além disso, foi aplicado o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), em sua versão curta, considerando o período antes e durante a pandemia. A través de éste, se midió el nivel de actividad física, el comportamiento sedentario y el tiempo dedicado a caminar, así como las actividades moderadas y vigorosas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 268 estudiantes de medicina, predominantemente mujeres (65,7%), blancas (50,0%) y morenas (38,8%), de 24,2 ± 5,5 años de edad, solteras (90,7%), en el ciclo clínico (59,0%), en instituciones privadas (78,4%). No se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel de actividad física y el tiempo dedicado a actividades moderadas y vigorosas. Sin embargo, hubo una reducción en el tiempo de caminata (p<0,00001) y un aumento en la conducta sedentaria (p=0,001) durante la pandemia COVID-19, siendo mayor el impacto entre las mujeres (p=0,0009). Conclusión: Las repercusiones de la pandemia COVID-19 se manifestaron en el aumento de la conducta sedentaria entre los estudiantes de medicina, especialmente entre las mujeres, además de la reducción del tiempo de actividad dedicado a caminar. Son necesarios estudios longitudinales para analizar las consecuencias a medio y largo plazo de este cambio en los hábitos de vida saludables de los estudiantes de medicina. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio Prospectivo Comparativo.

RESUMO Introdução: Foram adotadas medidas de restrição social para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 que influenciaram nos hábitos de vida da população, aumentando o sedentarismo. Considerando a alta complexidade e a dedicação exigida pelo curso de Medicina, torna-se relevante investigar o efeito da pandemia na prática de exercício físico e conduta sedentária desses estudantes. Objetivos: Identificar alterações na atividade física e na conduta sedentária autorrelatadas por acadêmicos de Medicina na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, antes e durante o autoconfinamento imposto pela pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal, prospectivo, quantitativo, realizado com estudantes de Medicina, maiores de 18 anos, regularmente matriculados. Foi aplicado um questionário virtual, estruturado, anônimo, de autopreenchimento, contendo aspectos sociodemográficos e acadêmicos. Além disso, foi aplicado o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), em sua versão curta, considerando o período antes e durante a pandemia. Através deste, foram mensurados nível de atividade física, conduta sedentária e tempo de realização de caminhada, além de atividades moderadas e vigorosas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 268 estudantes de Medicina, predominantemente mulheres (65,7%), da raça branca (50,0%) e parda (38,8%), com idade de 24,2 ± 5,5 anos, solteiros (90,7%), cursando o ciclo clínico (59,0%), em instituições privadas (78,4%). Não foram identificadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes no nível de atividade física e no tempo despendido com atividades moderadas e vigorosas. Entretanto, houve redução no tempo de caminhada (p<0,00001) e aumento da conduta sedentária (p=0,001) durante a pandemia de COVID-19, sendo o impacto maior entre as mulheres (p=0,0009). Conclusão: Foram demonstradas as repercussões da pandemia de COVID-19 no aumento da conduta sedentária dos estudantes de Medicina, principalmente entre as mulheres, além da redução do tempo de atividade despendido com caminhadas. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para analisar as consequências a médio e longo prazo dessa alteração nos hábitos de vida saudáveis de estudantes de Medicina. Nível de evidência II; Estudo Prospectivo Comparativo.

Baixos Níveis de Atividade Física e suas Associações com o Estado de Humor, Sonolência Diurna e Consumo Alimentar em Universitários / Low Levels of Physical Activity and its Associations with Mood State, Daytime Sleepiness and Food Consumption in University Students

O ingresso em um curso universitário leva a mudanças significativas no estilo de vida e na rotina do estudante, com impacto na prática de atividade física, saúde mental, hábitos de sono e hábitos alimentares. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o nível de atividade física dos jovens universitários e suas associações com estado de humor, qualidade do sono e consumo alimentar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de corte transversal, realizada com estudantes universitários do curso de Medicina de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Pública. Realizou-se avaliação de medidas antropométricas, do nível de atividade física (NAF) por meio do acelerômetro GT3x (Actigraph), do consumo alimentar (inventário de 24h), e utilizando os questionários de BECK e BRUMs / POMS avaliou-se os distúrbios de sono e estado de humor. Utilizando o software SPSS realizou análise comparativa com teste t Student para grupos independentes, análise inferencial de correlação de Pearson e Regressão logística binária. Dos universitários analisados (n=75), 54,7% (n=41) eram do sexo masculino e, quando comparado com as mulheres, apresentaram maior nível de atividade física (NAF). Aproximadamente 1/3 de toda a amostra do estudo realizou menos de 300min de atividade física moderada/vigorosa. O perfil alimentar dos universitários não foi satisfatório. Verificou-se para ambos os sexos o Escore Total de POMS (Profile of Mood States) se associou com universitários que realizam menos de 300min de atividade física por semana. As mulheres têm 65% mais chances de apresentar Escala de Tensão (POMS) quando são menos ativas, e nos homens, a razão de chances é de aproximadamente três vezes maior de apresentar Confusão (BRUMS - Escala de Humor de Brunel). Conclui-se que os estudantes universitários do curso estudado, em sua maioria, foram insuficientemente ativos fisicamente e apresentam algumas alterações no estado de humor, sonolência diurna e um consumo alimentar insatisfatório.

Starting a university course leads to significant changes in the student's lifestyle and routine, with an impact on physical activity, mental health, sleeping habits and eating habits. The objective of the study was to verify the level of physical activity of young university students and its associations with mood, sleep quality and food consumption. This is a cross-sectional survey, carried out with university students studying Medicine at a Public Higher Education Institution. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity level (PAL) were assessed using the GT3x accelerometer (Actigraph), food consumption (24-hour inventory), and using the BECK and BRUMs / POMS questionnaires, health disorders were assessed. sleep and mood. Using SPSS software, comparative analysis was carried out with Student's t test for independent groups, Pearson correlation inferential analysis and binary logistic regression. Of the university students analyzed (n=75), 54.7% (n=41) were male and, when compared to women, they had a higher physical activity level (PAL). Approximately 1/3 of the entire study sample performed less than 300 minutes of moderate/vigorous physical activity. The dietary profile of university students was not satisfactory. For both sexes, the POMS Total Score (Profile of Mood States) was found to be associated with university students who perform less than 300 minutes of physical activity per week. Women are 65% more likely to present with Tension Scale (POMS) when they are less active, and in men, the odds ratio is approximately three times greater for presenting Confusion (BRUMS - Brunel Mood Scale). It is concluded that the majority of university students on the course studied were insufficiently physically active and presented some changes in mood, daytime drowsiness and unsatisfactory food consumption.

Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study / Associação entre comportamento sedentário, dieta e estado nutricional em adolescentes: resultados do estudo LONCAAFS

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre tempo gasto em comportamentos sedentários, dieta e excesso de peso em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com dados do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde do Adolescente - Estudo LONCAAFS. Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos) de escolas públicas de João Pessoa, Brasil. Para avaliar os efeitos combinados do tempo excessivo no comportamento sedentário e no consumo de dois grupos de alimentos: Conveniência e Prudente sobre o excesso de peso, foram realizadas análises de regressão logística múltipla, ajustadas para energia, nível de atividade física, sexo e idade. O tempo excessivo em comportamento sedentário aumentou em 37% a chance de os adolescentes apresentarem excesso de peso (OR = 1,37; IC95%: 1,04-1,80). Essa chance aumentou para 43% quando os adolescentes apresentaram, simultaneamente, comportamento sedentário excessivo e alto consumo do grupo de alimentos de conveniência (OR = 1,43; IC95%: 1,05-1,94), e aumentou para 39% naqueles com excesso de comportamento sedentário e baixo consumo de alimentos do Prudente (OR = 1,39; IC95%: 1,04-1,84). O comportamento sedentário excessivo está associado ao excesso de peso e a chance aumenta com o consumo de alimentos convenientes.

Chronotropic incompetence is associated with reduced aerobic conditioning and sedentary behavior in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

ABSTRACT Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, or long COVID, presents with persistent symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, and fatigue, extending beyond one month after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cardiac complications such as chest pain and arrhythmias have raised concerns, with chronotropic incompetence (CI), an inadequate heart rate increase during exercise, emerging as a significant condition contributing to diminished exercise tolerance and quality of life. This study estimated the prevalence of CI and explored its association with aerobic capacity and physical activity levels in long COVID patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a private hospital in Sergipe, Brazil, involving 93 patients over 18 years old with persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Exclusion criteria included beta-blocker use, inadequate respiratory exchange ratio, and inability to complete cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Clinical histories, CPET results, and chronotropic index calculation were used to identify CI, with logistic regression analyzing associated factors. Of the participants (mean age 45 years; average duration since COVID-19 diagnosis 120 days), 20.4% were diagnosed with CI. Logistic regression identified a strong association between CI and sedentary behavior (OR 11.80; 95% CI 2.54 to 54.78; p=0.001). Patients with CI showed lower predicted peak heart rates and maximal oxygen uptake. The prevalence of CI among long COVID patients in this study was approximately 20%, associated with decreased aerobic capacity and increased sedentary behavior. These findings highlight the need for timely diagnosis and therapeutic interventions, including cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, to enhance the quality of life in post-COVID patients with CI. The study's cross-sectional design and its specific context have limited causality inference and generalizability, underscoring the importance of further research in diverse settings.

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality, psychosocial aspects, and physical activity levels in patients with chronic pain in Brazil: COVIDor cross-sectional study / Influência da pandemia de COVID-19 na qualidade do sono, em aspectos psicoemocionais e no nível de atividade física de pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil: estudo observacional COVIDor

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The social distancing of COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated symptoms of chronic pain patients. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the sociocultural context of coping with the pandemic in different countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate pain, psychoemotional symptoms, sleep quality, and level of physical activity in chronic pain patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: Individuals with fibromyalgia, migraine and chronic low back pain were included. The survey was performed through a questionnaire elaborated by researchers on the Forms application, from Google Drive, in the period between October 2020 and March 2021, with straight and clear questions about pain, psychoemotional aspects, sleep quality, and level of physical activity. Binary or multinominal logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible predictors. RESULTS: 973 people were evaluated, 63.5% had fibromyalgia, and 98.3% were female. Anxiety increased the odds ratio in 395% of chronic pain patients to feel pain (ß: 1.375; OR: 3.956; p=0.001) and a greater intensity of pain increases in 62.3% the chance of these individuals not performing physical activity (ß: -0.474; OR: 0.623; p=0.001). Pain intensity increased the odds ratio of having insomnia by 186.9% (ß: 0.625; OR: 1.869; p=0.001) and the chance of taking sleep drugs by 160.4% (ß: 0.472; OR: 1.604; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The social isolation of COVID-19 pandemic maximized the vicious cycle between painful symptoms, anxiety, and sleep disorders in chronic pain patients in Brazil. The intensification of these factors is associated with the reduction of physical activity levels.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou os sintomas de pacientes com dor crônica. Porém, é necessário considerar o contexto sociocultural de enfrentamento da pandemia nos diferentes países. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dor, os sintomas psicoemocionais, a qualidade do sono e o nível de atividade física em pacientes com dor crônica durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos indivíduos com fibromialgia, enxaqueca e dor lombar. O levantamento foi realizado por meio de questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores no aplicativo Forms, do Google Drive, entre outubro de 2020 e março de 2021, com perguntas diretas e claras sobre dor, aspectos psicoemocionais, qualidade do sono e nível de atividade física. Análise de regressão logística binária ou multinominal foi realizada para identificar possíveis preditores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 973 pessoas, 63,5% apresentavam fibromialgia, sendo 98,3% do sexo feminino. A ansiedade aumentou a razão de chances em 395% dos pacientes com dor crônica sentirem dor (ß: 1,375; OR: 3,956; p= 0,001) e a dor aumentou em 62,3% a chance desses indivíduos não realizarem atividade física (ß: -0,474; OR: 0,623; p=0,001). A intensidade da dor aumentou a razão de chances de ter insônia em 186,9% (ß: 0,625; OR: 1,869; p= 0,001) e a chance de tomar fármacos para dormir em 160,4% (ß: 0,472; OR: 1,604; p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O isolamento social da pandemia de COVID-19 maximizou o ciclo vicioso entre sintomas dolorosos, ansiedade e distúrbios do sono em pacientes com dor crônica no Brasil. A intensificação desses fatores está associada à redução de atividade física.

Sedentary behavior, abdominal obesity and healthcare costs in Brazilian adults with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Research on the economic burden of sedentary behavior and abdominal obesity on health expenses associated with cardiovascular diseases is scarce. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to verify whether sedentary behavior, isolated and combined with abdominal obesity, influences the medication expenditure among adults with cardiovascular diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of President Prudente, State of São Paulo, Brazil in 2018. METHODS: The study included adults with cardiovascular diseases, aged 30-65 years, who were treated by the Brazilian National Health Services. Sedentary behavior was assessed using a questionnaire. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist circumference. Medication expenditures were verified using the medical records of each patient. RESULTS: The study included a total of 307 adults. Individuals classified in the group with risk factor obesity combined (median [IQ] USD$ 29.39 [45.77]) or isolated (median [IQ] USD$ 27.17 [59.76]) to sedentary behavior had higher medication expenditures than those belonging to the non-obese with low sedentary behavior group (median [IQ] USD$ 13.51 [31.42]) (P = 0.01). The group with combined obesity and sedentary behavior was 2.4 (95%CI = 1.00; 5.79) times more likely to be hypertensive. CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity was a determining factor for medication expenses, regardless of sedentary behavior, among adults with cardiovascular diseases.

Isotemporal substitution analysis of time between sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on depressive symptoms in older adults: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Compared to young individuals, older adults participate more in sedentary behavior (SB) and less in physical activity (PA). These behaviors are associated with numerous adverse health factors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the hypothetical effects of substituting time spent sleeping, performing SB, and performing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on depressive symptomatology in older adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: An analytical cross-sectional study employing exploratory survey methods was conducted in the city of Alcobaça in the state of Bahia, Brazil METHODS: The study included 473 older adults who answered a structured questionnaire during an interview. Exposure time to SB and PA level were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and depressive symptoms were analyzed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. An isotemporal replacement model was used to evaluate the effects of different SB sessions on depressive symptomatology. RESULTS: An increase in the risk of depressive symptoms was observed when MVPA and sleep time were substituted for the same SB time at all times tested, with maximum values of 40% and 20%, respectively. Opposite substitution of MVPA and sleep time increments reduced the risk of depressive symptomatology by 28% and 17%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that replacing SB with the same amount of sleep or MVPA may reduce depressive symptoms. The longer the reallocation time, the greater are the benefits.

El confinamiento por COVID-19 modifica los estilos de vida saludables en adultos: Una revisión sistemática / Confinement due to COVID-19 modifies healthy lifestyles in adults: A systematic review

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias científicas sobre los cambios ocurridos en los estilos de vida saludables asociados al confinamiento por COVID-19 en población adulta de 19 a 59 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los criterios de la guía PRISMA durante el período de búsqueda de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, Google académico y Cochrane usando las palabras clave "COVID-19, lifestyles, obesity, confinement, quarantine" previamente validadas en MeSH del NCBI y DeCs. Resultados: La búsqueda en las bases de datos de PUBMED, google académico y Cochrane arrojó un total de 702 artículos, tras eliminar los artículos duplicados, se recuperaron 94 artículos, después del primer y segundo cribado se excluyeron 45 artículos, trabajando finalmente con 49 artículos. La evidencia muestra que el confinamiento modificó negativamente los estilos de vida saludables favoreciendo conductas como sedentarismo, asociado a mayor tiempo en el uso de dispositivos electrónicos. Además, incrementó el consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos, la ingesta de alimentos poco saludables entre comidas, raciones más grandes e incrementó en el número de comidas al día, aunado a la disminución en la actividad física, el incremento del consumo de alcohol y cigarros factores que influyeron en el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusiones: Las evidencias muestran cambios negativos en los estilos de vida saludables que se asociaron con sobrepeso y obesidad durante el confinamiento por COVID-19, ante este panorama se requieren de estrategias de intervención integrales basados en programas de nutrición saludable y activación física con la finalidad de disminuir o revertir los efectos causados por el confinamiento.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the changes that have occurred in healthy lifestyles associated with confinement by COVID-19 in the adult population between 19 and 59 years of age. Materials and methods: A systematic review was carried out following the criteria of the PRISMA guide during the search period from March 2020 to February 2022 in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases using the keywords COVID-19, healthy lifestyles, obesity, overweight, confinement, quarantine, lockdown, previously validated in NCBI MeSH and DeCs. Results: The search in the PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases yielded a total of 702 articles. After eliminating duplicate articles, 94 articles were recovered. After the first and second screening, 45 articles were excluded, finally working with 49 articles. Evidence shows that confinement negatively modified healthy lifestyles, favoring behaviors such as a sedentary lifestyle, associated with longer use of electronic devices. In addition, there was an increase in the consumption of hypercaloric foods, the intake of unhealthy foods between meals, larger portions, and an increase in the number of meals per day, together with a decrease in physical activity, an increase in the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, factors that influenced the development of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: The evidence shows negative changes in healthy lifestyles that were associated with overweight and obesity during the confinement by COVID-19, in view of this panorama, comprehensive intervention strategies are required based on healthy nutrition programs and physical activation with the purpose of to reduce or reverse the effects caused by confinement.

Habilidades Cognitivas y Quiebres en la Conducta Sedentaria en Niños Chilenos / Cognitive Skills after Breaks in Sedentary Behavior in Chilean Children

Introducción. En Chile las tasas de sedentarismo infantil han aumentado, siete de cada 10 niños no cumple con los estándares mínimos recomendados por la Organizaciónn Mundial de la Salud. Faltan en Chile estudios que asocien el sedentarismo de tiempo libre y las horas sedentes en jornada escolar con las habilidades cognitivas. Objetivo. Determinar los cambios en las habilidades cognitivas posterior a la realización de quiebres en la conducta sedentaria. Métodos. Participaron 83 alumnos de 12 a 14 años, pertenecientes a 7° y 8° básico de la región metropolitana de Santiago de Chile. Los alumnos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente como casos (42) y control (41). Se realizó durante 10 días, un protocolo de quiebres en la conducta sedentaria de 3 minutos cada 40 minutos, durante toda la jornada escolar. Ambos grupos tuvieron evaluaciones fisiológicas y aplicación de test de memoria y atención pre y post intervención. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la variable de atención con un valor p-value de (< 0,005) a favor del grupo intervenido. En valores de presión arterial sistólica y frecuencia cardiaca se evidencio un descenso significativo en el grupo intervenido (p<0,005) Conclusión. En este estudio se demuestra que el protocolo aplicado, mejora la habilidad cognitiva de atención en la población estudiada y además se reducen los valores de parámetros fisiológicos.

Background. In Chile, child sedentary lifestyle rates have increased; seven out of 10 children do not meet the minimum standards recommended by the World Health Organization. There is a lack of studies in Chile that associate free-time sedentary behavior and seated hours during the school day with cognitive skills. Objective. To determine the changes in cognitive abilities after the completion of sedentary behavior breaks. Methods. 83 students from 12 to 14 years old participated, belonging to 7th and 8th grade of the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile. Students were randomly distributed as cases (42) and control (41). A protocol of sedentary behavior breaks of 3 minutes every 40 minutes was carried out during 1 week, during the whole school day. Both groups had physiological evaluations and application of memory tests and pre and post intervention care. Results. Statistically found differences were found both in the care variables with a p-value of <0.005 in favor of the intervened group, as well as in the systolic blood pressure and heart rate values evidencing a significant decrease in the intervened group (p < 0.005) Conclusion. This study shows that the applied protocol improves the cognitive ability of attention in the studied population and also reduces values of physiological parameters.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic isolation concerning physical activity and cardiovascular health / Impacto do isolamento da pandemia de COVID-19 na atividade física e na saúde cardiovascular

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is essential for health maintenance and disease prevention. COV-ID-19 and its social isolation affected patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. This is a scoping review aiming to map, analyze, and summarize the impacts caused by the isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic concerning PA and CV health in adults. Methods: The review was based on PRISMA-ScR. PubMed, PubMed Central, BVS/BIREME, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and SciELO databases were selected to search. Two search phases were performed: May 2021 and March 2022. English-language full-text papers were included. Initially, the titles and abstracts of the retrieved documents were read and screened based on the research question. A third reviewer resolved disagreement through consensus meetings. An assessment form was adapted for data extraction. The study was registered in the Open Science Framework platform under the DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AH6P8. Results: 11 papers were included and demonstrated that regular PA could be challenging in social isolation environments. Most participants were moderately active and performed low-intensity PA. Confinement led to the limitation of everyday activities, nutritional disorders, and reduced PA, contributing to weight gain. Quarantine was associated with stress and depression, leading to an unhealthy diet (AU).

Introdução: A prática regular de atividade física (AF) é essencial para a manutenção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. A COVID-19 e seu isolamento social afetaram pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares (CV) na prática dessas atividades. Desta forma, realizou-se uma revisão de escopo com o objetivo de mapear, analisar e sintetizar os impactos causados pelo isolamento da pandemia de COVID-19 na realização de AF e na saúde CV em adultos. Métodos: A revisão foi baseada no PRISMA-ScR. Foram selecionadas para a pesquisa a PubMed, PubMed Central, BVS/BIREME, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e bases de dados SciELO. Duas fases de busca foram realizadas: maio de 2021 e março de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos que possuíam texto completo em inglês. Inicialmente, os títulos e resumos dos documentos recuperados foram lidos e triados com base na questão de pesquisa. Um terceiro revisor foi utilizado para avaliar os desacordos por meio de reuniões de consenso. Um formulário de avaliação foi adaptado para extração de dados. O estudo foi registrado na plataforma Open Science Framework sob o DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AH6P8. Resultados: 11 artigos foram incluídos neste estudo e demonstraram que a AF regular pode ser desafiadora em ambientes de isolamento social. A maioria dos participantes era moderadamente ativa e praticava AF de baixa intensidade. O confinamento levou à limitação das atividades cotidianas, distúrbios nutricionais e diminuição da AF, contribuindo para o ganho de peso. A quarentena foi associada ao estresse e à depressão, levando a uma dieta pouco saudável. Possíveis soluções apontam para a realização de AF domiciliar, considerando a saúde basal e o estado CV. Conclusão: A era pós-COVID-19 e suas consequências apontam para a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias que aumentem e mantenham a AF domiciliar como medida protetora para a população em geral, considerando saúde CV, recursos e espaço domiciliar (AU).

Relación de las Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles y Ejercicio Físico en la Población Chilena entre los años 2015-2016 / Risk of Retention of Secretions in Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Introducción. Las prevalencias de la inactividad física, el sedentarismo y el sobrepeso y obesidad han aumentado sus índices durante los últimos años en Chile, lo que conlleva al desarrollo y aparición de diversas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como por ejemplo, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e inclusive enfermedades respiratorias, las cuales repercuten negativamente en la población y deterioran la calidad de vida de las personas, independientemente el sexo y el rango etario. El ejercicio físico es una de las principales herramientas utilizadas por diversos profesionales de la salud como método de prevención y tratamiento en la población afectada, inclusive representa una alternativa de menor costo. Objetivo. Relacionar el ejercicio físico de alta y mediana intensidad con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en personas mayores a 18 años residentes en Chile durante el periodo 2015-2016. Métodos. Análisis cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de base secundaria ENCAVI 2015-2016, de residentes en Chile mayores de 18 años y con al menos una de las siguientes condiciones de salud: Hipertensión arterial, Diabetes Mellitus y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas no transmisibles. Resultados. Todas las variables presentan relaciones significativas (p<0,005) (HTA, DM, enfermedades respiratorias, edad, horas sentado, ejercicio físico de moderada y alta intensidad. Sin embargo, las variables de ejercicio físico moderada intensidad y enfermedades respiratorias (p=0,578) y las variables de sexo y horas sentado (p=0,005) no presentan relación significativa. Discusión. El ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad es el que tiene mejor respuesta ante las diferentes patologías según diferentes autores, por otro lado, en la recopilación de datos podemos encontrar que este tipo de ejercicio es efectivo en la Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusiones. Según los datos analizados, mientras mayor frecuencia de ejercicio físico de alta intensidad (en días) y ejercicio físico de moderada intensidad (en horas) se realice durante los últimos días de la semana, los diagnósticos de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (HTA, DM) y enfermedades respiratorias se verán controladas, mientras que, cuando existe menor frecuencia del ejercicio físico realizado durante los últimos días de la semana, tiende a existir mayor diagnóstico.

Background. The prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight and obesity have increased their rates in recent years in Chile, which leads to the development and appearance of various chronic non-communicable diseases, such as for example, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and even respiratory diseases, which have a negative impact on the population and deteriorate the quality of life of people, regardless of gender and age range (7). Physical exercise is one of the main tools used by various health professionals as a method of prevention and treatment in the affected population, even representing a lower cost alternative. Objetive. To relate high and medium intensity physical exercise with chronic non-communicable diseases in people over 18 years of age residing in Chile during the period 2015-2016. Methods. Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective analysis of the ENCAVI 2015-2016 secondary base of residents in Chile over 18 years of age and with at least one of the following health conditions: High blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus and chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases. Results. All the variables present significant relationships (p<0.005) (HTN, DM, respiratory diseases, age, hours sitting, moderate and high intensity physical exercise. However, the variables of moderate intensity physical exercise and respiratory diseases (p=0.578) and the variables of sex and sitting hours (p=0.005) do not present a significant relationship. Discussion. Moderate intensity physical exercise is the one that has the best response to different pathologies according to different authors, on the other hand, in data collection we can found that this type of exercise is effective in Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions. According to the data analyzed, the greater the frequency of high-intensity physical exercise (in days) and moderate-intensity physical exercise (in hours) performed during the last days of the week, the diagnoses of chronic non-communicable diseases (HTN, DM) and respiratory diseases will be controlled, while, when there is less frequency of physical exercise carried out during the last days of the week, there tends to be a greater diagnosis.

Dietary patterns associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior in university students in Mexico

Dietary patterns (DPs) are conditioned by a large number of factors, including physical activity and sedentary lifestyle, however, there is limited information on their interaction. This study aimed to identify DPs and their associations with physical activity and sedentary behavior among university students from Mexico. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study. The participants were university students from Southwest Mexico. A total of 419 participants who did not suffer from any disease that affects oral nutrition or that prevented them from performing physical activity were included. DPs were generated from a principal component analysis and associations were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Three DPs were identified: "western", "prudent" and "traditional". The traditional pattern was significantly associated with high physical activity (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.34-5.75) and was a protective factor against sedentary lifestyle (OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13-0.93). The results show that a high physical activity and a lower sedentary lifestyle were associated with a healthier dietary pattern in the study population. It is important to implement interventions towards nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behavior for the population being studied.

Los patrones dietéticos están condicionados por una gran cantidad de factores, entre ellos la actividad física y el sedentarismo, sin embargo, existe poca información sobre su interacción. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar patrones dietéticos y sus asociaciones con la actividad física y el comportamiento sedentario entre estudiantes universitarios del suroeste de México. Se trata de un estudio transversal, observacional y analítico. Los participantes fueron estudiantes universitarios del suroeste de México. Se incluyeron un total de 419 participantes que no padecían alguna enfermedad que condicionara su nutrición oral, ni condición que les impidiera realizar actividad física. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales para determinar los patrones dietéticos, mientras que se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para verificar las asociaciones. Se identificaron tres patrones dietéticos: "occidental", "prudente" y "tradicional". El patrón tradicional se asoció significativamente con actividad física elevada (OR: 2,78; IC 95%: 1,34-5,75) y fue un factor protector contra el sedentarismo (OR: 0,35; IC 95%: 0,13-0,93). Los resultados muestran que una alta actividad física y un menor sedentarismo se asociaron con un patrón dietético más saludable en la población de estudio. Es importante implementar intervenciones hacia la nutrición, la actividad física y el sedentarismo para la población en estudio.

Relación entre actividad física, sedentarismo y obesidad en adultos, Colombia, 2015

Introducción. La inactividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios demostraron ser factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de enfermedades como la obesidad. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre la actividad física, el sedentarismo y el estado nutricional en la población de 18 a 64 años en Colombia, 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo el análisis secundario de la encuesta de nutrición de Colombia en 2015, utilizando variables sociodemográficas (edad, sexo, etnia, área geográfica, región e índice de riqueza) y, además, peso, talla, actividad física y sedentarismo. Se estimaron proporciones e intervalos de confianza al 95 %, utilizando la prueba de ji al cuadrado, regresión logística y razón de momios (Odds ratio). Resultados. La población analizada incluyó 16.607 individuos (54,8 % mujeres y 45,2 % hombres) de 18 a 64 años. Los hombres tuvieron más sobrepeso (37,6 %) que las mujeres, mientras que la obesidad fue más frecuente en mujeres (22,1 %). El 48,3 % no cumple con la recomendación de actividad física; 56,9 % de los adultos pasa dos o más horas al día mirando pantallas. Hubo una asociación significativa (p<0,050) entre el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física y la obesidad. Además, el cumplir con la recomendación de actividad física disminuye 1,25 veces la probabilidad de obesidad. Conclusión. La obesidad es un problema de salud para la población adulta, con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres y en los mayores de 30 años. Se relaciona con el incumplimiento de las recomendaciones sobre actividad física y con los comportamientos sedentarios (los cuales son más prevalentes en los afrodescendientes), el cuartil alto de riqueza, el vivir en área urbana y el vivir en Bogotá.

Introduction. Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were shown to be risk factors in the prevalence of diseases such as obesity. Objective. To conduct an analysis of the relationship between physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and nutritional status in the population aged 18 to 64 years in Colombia, 2015. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the 2015 Colombian nutrition survey was done, using sociodemographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, geographic area, region, wealth index), along with weight, height, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals, chi-square, logistic regression and odds ratio were estimated. Results. The analyzed population included 16,607 individuals (54.8% women and 45.2% men) aged 18 to 64 years. Men were more overweight (37.6%) than women, while obesity was more frequent in women (22.1%). It was observed that 48.3% did not meet the physical activity recommendations; 56.9% of adults spent two or more hours a day watching screens. There was a significant association (p<0.050) between non-compliance with physical activity recommendations and obesity. In addition, complying with the physical activity recommendation decreases the probability of obesity by 1.25 times. Conclusion. Obesity is a health problem for the adult population, with a higher prevalence in women and in those over 30 years old. It is related to non-compliance with the recommendations about physical activity and sedentary behaviors (which are more prevalent in Afro-descendants), high wealth quartile status, and to reside in urban areas and to live in the Bogotá area.

Obesogenic behavior clusters associated with weight status among Brazilian students: a latent class analysis / Agrupamentos de comportamentos obesogênicos associados com status de peso em estudantes brasileiros: uma análise de classe latente

Abstract This study aimed to examine the association between clusters of physical activity (PA), diet, and television viewing (TV) with weight status among a representative sample of Brazilian students. Data from the National Health School-based Survey (PeNSE) 2015 were analyzed (n = 16,521; mean age 14.8, standard deviation 0.03 year). PA (minutes/week spent in leisure-time, and commuting to/from school), TV (hours/day), and weekly consumption of deep-fried empanadas, candies, sodas, ultra-processed foods, fast foods, green salads or vegetables, and fruits were self-reported on the validated PeNSE questionnaire. Latent class analysis defined behavior classes, and binary logistic regression assessed the association between clustering and weight status. Six classes' types with positive and negative behaviors were identified. Adolescents belonging to the "low TV time and high healthy diet" class had higher chances of being overweight (including obesity) compared to their peers in the "moderate PA and mixed diet" class. No associations were found in the other clusters. Mixed classes with healthy and unhealthy behaviors characterized adolescents' lifestyles and these profiles were related to weight status.

Resumo O estudo objetivou examinar a associação entre agrupamentos de atividade física (AF), dieta e tempo de televisão (TV) com o status do peso em uma amostra representativa de estudantes brasileiros. Foram analisados ​​dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) 2015 (n = 16.521; idade média 14,8, desvio padrão de 0,03 ano). AF (minutos/semana no lazer e deslocamento para/da escola), assistir televisão (TV) (horas/dia), consumo semanal de doces, refrigerantes, alimentos ultraprocessados/fast-foods, saladas/vegetais e frutas foram coletadas por questionário validado. Análise de classes latentes definiu os perfis de comportamento e a regressão logística binária a associação entre agrupamento e status de peso. Foram identificadas seis classes com comportamentos positivos e negativos. Adolescentes pertencentes à classe "baixo tempo de TV e alta alimentação saudável" apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter sobrepeso/obesidade em comparação com seus pares na classe "AF moderada e dieta mista". Não foram encontradas associações nos outros perfis. Classes com comportamentos saudáveis ​​e não saudáveis ​​caracterizaram o estilo de vida dos adolescentes e estiveram relacionadas com o status de peso.

Factores asociados a baja agudeza visual en una población escolar de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Factors Associated with Low Visual Acuity in a School Population in the City of Bucaramanga, Colombia / Fatores associados à baixa acuidade visual em uma população escolar da cidade de Bucaramanga, Colômbia

Introducción. La baja agudeza es un problema de salud pública en el mundo, que aumenta año tras año, relacionada con factores comportamentales poco saludables como el sedentarismo. La baja agudeza afecta especialmente a escolares, en quienes la visión representa uno de los sistemas más importantes para su desarrollo, tanto para el aprendizaje como para las relaciones sociales. El objetivo es establecer asociación entre baja agudeza visual y características sociodemográficas y comportamentales en una población escolar de la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología. Estudio observacional de corte transversal basado en datos recolectados de encuestas a estudiantes de una institución educativa de Bucaramanga entre los años 2006 y 2017, sobre las cuales se realizó un análisis bivariado entre características sociodemográficas y comportamentales con baja agudeza visual. Resultados. La prevalencia de baja agudeza visual fue de 33.57%, con mayor prevalencia de baja agudeza visual en mujeres y aquellos con mayor índice de masa corporal. La agudeza visual baja no tuvo asociación estadísticamente significativa con las otras variables estudiadas. Discusión. Las mujeres tienen una mayor prevalencia de baja agudeza visual. Parece existir una relación entre la actividad física y la agudeza visual. Conclusiones. Las diferencias encontradas según el sexo pueden deberse a patrones comportamentales diferentes entre hombres y mujeres, como la actividad física y el sedentarismo. Hacen falta estudios que evalúen la causalidad de la asociación entre los problemas de agudeza visual y los hábitos de vida poco saludables. Palabras clave: Agudeza Visual; Adolescente; Conducta Sedentaria; Visión Ocular; Baja Visión.

Introduction. Low visual acuity is a public health problem worldwide, which is increasing year by year, and it is associated with unhealthy behavioral factors such as sedentary lifestyle. Low visual acuity particularly affects schoolchildren, whom eyesight is one of the most important abilities for their development, both in terms of learning and social interactions. The objective of this study is to establish an association between low visual acuity, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics of a student population in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional observational study based on data collected from surveys of students within an educational institution sited in Bucaramanga between 2006 and 2017. A bivariate analysis was conducted between sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and low visual acuity. Results. The prevalence of low visual acuity was 33.57%, with a higher prevalence of low visual acuity in women and those with a higher body mass index. However, low visual acuity didn't have a statistically significant association with the other variables studied. Discussion. Women have a higher prevalence of low visual acuity. There appears to be an association between physical activity and visual acuity. Conclusions. The encountered differences according to sex may be due to different behavioral patterns between males and females, such as physical activity and sedentary lifestyle. Further studies are needed to assess the causality of the association. Keywords: Visual Acuity; Adolescent; Sedentary Behavior; Vision, Ocular; Vision, Low.

Introdução. A baixa acuidade é um problema de saúde pública no mundo, que aumenta a cada ano, relacionada a fatores comportamentais pouco saudáveis, como o sedentarismo. A baixa acuidade atinge especialmente as crianças em idade escolar, para as quais a visão representa um dos sistemas mais importantes para o seu desenvolvimento, tanto para a aprendizagem quanto para as relações sociais. O objetivo é estabelecer uma associação entre baixa acuidade visual e características sociodemográficas e comportamentais em uma população escolar na cidade de Bucaramanga, Colômbia. Metodologia. Estudo observacional transversal baseado em dados coletados em pesquisas com estudantes de uma instituição de ensino de Bucaramanga entre 2006 e 2017, nos quais foi realizada uma análise bivariada entre características sociodemográficas e comportamentais com baixa acuidade visual. Resultados. A prevalência de baixa acuidade visual foi de 33.57%, com maior prevalência de baixa acuidade visual em mulheres e naqueles com maior índice de massa corporal. A baixa acuidade visual não teve associação estatisticamente significativa com as demais variáveis estudadas. Discussão. As mulheres apresentam maior prevalência de baixa acuidade visual. Parece haver uma relação entre atividade física e acuidade visual. Conclusões. As diferenças encontradas segundo o sexo podem ser decorrentes de diferentes padrões comportamentais entre homens e mulheres, como atividade física e sedentarismo. Estudos são necessários para avaliar a causalidade da associação entre problemas de acuidade visual e hábitos de vida pouco saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Acuidade Visual; Adolescente; Comportamento Sedentário; Visão Ocular; Baixa Visão.