Surgery treatment and serological study of atrial fibrilla-tion / 医学研究生学报

Atrial fibrillation ( AF) is the most common cardi-ac arrhythmia in clinical practice, leading to significant morbidity, disability.Surgery treatment could achieve a good outcome, but not for all the AF patients.A considerable recurrence rate has partly been ascribed to atrial remodeling.We review the surgery treatment of AF, and discuss how to select appropriate patient by the clinical parameters and serum serum parameters, Osteoprotegerin ( OPG)/re-ceptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ( RANK)/RANK ligand ( RANKL) axis.

Detección de Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis, por medio de PCR-anidada a partir de muestras de heces de ovinos / Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by nested-PCR of ovine fecal samples

Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), which affects wild and domestic ruminants. Map is shed in feces from infected animals. Transmission of the infection takes place by oral ingestion of the bacterium from contaminated food and water with feces. With the objective to establish a paratuberculosis diagnosis in ovine by nested-PCR from fecal samples, 204 fecal and serum ovine samples were studied. Feces were evaluated by nested-PCR and bacterial culture, serum samples were analyzed by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Nested-PCR yielded a 210 bp amplification product that corresponds to Map-IS900, in 61 out of 204 samples. From these, 43 were from AGID positive animals and 18 from negative animals. Seventeen Map strains were isolated by bacterial culture and AGID detected 91 positive animals. Nested-PCR allowed to detect, sooner, greater number of animals shedding bacillus, even when they had resulted negative to the serological test. This result is considered important because generally these animals, while remaining in the farm, constitute the main source of infection for the herd. Nested-PCR should be considered as an alternative, when a prompt result is required to know the health status of the herd with respect to paratuberculosis.

La paratuberculosis es una enteritis granulomatosa de curso crónico ocasionada por Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (Map), afecta a rumiantes domésticos y silvestres. Map es excretada en las heces de animales que desarrollan la enfermedad, y la transmisión de la infección se da mediante la ingestión de alimentos y agua contaminados por heces de animales infectados. Con el objetivo de establecer el diagnóstico de paratuberculosis en ovinos por medio de la PCR-anidada a partir de muestras de heces, se trabajaron 204 muestras de heces y sueros de ovinos; las heces se evaluaron por PCR-anidada y cultivo bacteriológico, las muestras de sueros fueron analizadas por medio de inmunodifusión en agar gel (lDGA). Con la PCR-anidada se obtuvo un producto de amplificación 210 pb que corresponde a la IS900 de Map, en 61 de las 204 muestras. De éstas, 43 eran de animales positivos a IDGA y 18 negativos. Mediante cultivo bacteriológico se aislaron 17 cepas de Map; en este contexto, la IDGA detectó a 91 animales como positivos. La PCR-anidada permitió detectar en menor tiempo a mayor cantidad de animales que estaban eliminando al bacilo, aun cuando habían resultado negativos a la prueba serológica; este resultado se considera importante, ya que generalmente estos animales, al permanecer dentro de la granja, constituyen la principal fuente de infección para el rebaño. Se debe considerar a la PCR-anidada como alternativa, cuando se requiera el diagnóstico en breve tiempo, para conocer el estado sanitario del rebaño con respecto a paratuberculosis.

Bacteriological and serological study of clinical cholera: a report on 94 cases admitted at the San Lazaro Hospital

Out of 94 cases with a clinical diagnosis of cholera, only 69.15% could be bacteriologically proven. The pitfalls in the clinical diagnosis is in the less severe casesNCV, which had been attributed by many authors as possible cause of diarrheal disease in man does not seemed to be true with the three isolates in this studyThere was a fairly close correlation between the bacteriological and the serological findings in this study, which confirmed results of other workers. However, while the bacteriological results could be affected by antimicrobial, the serological was not. A combined bacteriological and serological study of cases with clinical manifestations of cholera would therefore results in a greater percentage of confirmed cases. (Summary)