Artritis séptica de rodilla por Serratia marcescens en paciente con hemofilia A

Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 24 años con hemofilia A de 14 años de evolución. El paciente presentó hemartrosis recurrente en rodilla derecha, luego desarrolló artritis séptica en dicha articulación producida por Serratia marcescens con respuesta satisfactoria al lavado intra-articular con solución salina y 28 días de tratamiento con carbapenémicos. En pacientes con artritis séptica, hemartrosis previa y múltiples ingresos hospitalarios debe sospecharse la presencia de este germen. El tratamiento es quirúrgico y con antibióticos de amplio espectro.

We present the case of a 24-year-old male patient with hemophilia A of 14 years of evolution. The patient presented recurrent hemarthrosis in the right knee, who developed septic arthritis in knee due to Serratia marcescens with a satisfactory response to intra-articular lavage with saline solution and 28 days of treatment whith carbapenems. In patients with septic arthritis, previous hemarthrosis and multiple hospital admissions, the presence of this germ should be suspected. The treatment is surgical and with broad spectrum antibiotics.

Infección respiratoria polimicrobiana: un caso de colonización multirresistente y coinfección viral en un lactante

Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 38 semanas ingresado con distrés respiratorio a un nosocomio al norte del Perú. Tras intubación y conexión a ventilación mecánica, se administró tratamiento antimicrobiano y sedoanalgesia. Durante la hospitalización, el paciente presentó fiebre, tos con expectoración quintosa, rubicundez facial y desaturación. Se observó edema en párpados, manos y pies, pero la perfusión tisular se mantuvo adecuada. En el cuarto día, sufrió convulsión febril, sibilancias respiratorias y oliguria con hematuria. Se realizaron cambios en el tratamiento y se administraron transfusiones. Al día 7, con apoyo del panel de PCR múltiple (FilmArray®) para el diagnóstico etiológico de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias, se diagnosticó colonización/infección por Acinetobacter baumanni multirresistente, la cual se acompañó con la detección de Serratia marcescens y virus sincicial respiratorio. Tras una estancia prolongada se logró la extubación exitosa el día 10. El día 24, el paciente fue dado de alta sin fiebre, signos vitales estables y sin requerir oxígeno, solo tratamiento para las convulsiones.

A case is presented of a 38-week-old infant admitted with respiratory distress to a hospital in northern Perú. After intubation and connection to mechanical ventilation, antimicrobial treatment and sedoanalgesia were administered. During hospitalizaron, the patient experienced fever, cough with quintose expectoration, facial rubor, and desaturation. Edema was observed in the eyelids, hands, and feet, but tissue perfusion remained adequate. On the fourth day, the patient had a febrile seizure, respiratory wheezing, and oliguria with hematuria. Treatment changes were made, and transfusions were administered. On the seventh day, using the FilmArray® multiplex PCR panel for etiological diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases, colonization/infection by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanni was diagnosed, accompanied by the detection of Serratia marcescens and respiratory syncytial virus. After a prolonged stay, successfu extubation was achieved on day 10. On day 24, the patient was discharged without fever, stable vital signs, and without requiring oxygen only treatment for seizures.

Effect of physical parameters in enhancing prodigiosin production and anti-MRSA activity of marine bacterium, Serratia marcescens IBRL USM84

Aims@#Marine bacteria have been reported to produce potential natural pigment with pharmaceutical properties and their growth can be manipulated in the laboratory to increase pigment production and their antimicrobial activity. Hence, this study aimed to enhance the prodigiosin production in Serratia marcescens IBRL USM84 by improving physical conditions.@*Methodology and results@#The quantification of the pigment produced by S. marcescens IBRL USM84, bacterial cell growth, and its antibacterial activity in the broth medium were determined using a spectrophotometry method. Meanwhile, the antibacterial effect of red pigment on MRSA cells was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This marine isolate produced the highest yield of prodigiosin (6.95 μg/mL) when cultivated in marine broth with the addition of 0.2% of agar, 25 °C incubation temperature, initial medium pH of 7, 150 rpm of agitation speed for 48 h of cultivation time under light illumination. There was an increment of 151.81% in prodigiosin production after enhancement compared to before the enhancement of cultural conditions. SEM observations revealed that severe damage to the cell’s morphologies was exposed to red pigment as indicated by the formation of small dents, which led to completely collapse and eventually, cell death.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#A positive correlation between pigment production and antibacterial activity was observed in the present study. The results supported the fact that marine bacteria are a reservoir of various pigments with antimicrobial properties. Also, the pigment production by S. marcescens and its antibacterial activity were significantly influenced by physical parameters.

Prodigiosin from Serratia: Synthesis and potential applications

Prodigiosin is a red pigment with a pyrrolylpyrromethane skeleton. It is mainly produced by bacterial strains belonging to the Serratia genus, but also by some other genera, including Streptomyces and Vibrio. Within the genus Serratia, the pigment is generally produced as a virulence factor. However, it also has many important beneficial biological activities such as immunosuppressive and anti- proliferative activities. Moreover, the pigment has many industrial applications in textile and cosmetics. In this mini-review, we discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms supporting prodigiosin synthesis and production from the Serratia genus, as well as its potential applications.

Prodigiosin from Serratia: Synthesis and potential applications

Prodigiosin is a red pigment with a pyrrolylpyrromethane skeleton. It is mainly produced by bacterial strains belonging to the Serratia genus, but also by some other genera, including Streptomyces and Vibrio. Within the genus Serratia, the pigment is generally produced as a virulence factor. However, it also has many important beneficial biological activities such as immunosuppressive and anti- proliferative activities. Moreover, the pigment has many industrial applications in textile and cosmetics. In this mini-review, we discuss the genetic and molecular mechanisms supporting prodigiosin synthesis and production from the Serratia genus, as well as its potential applications.

Osteomielitis multifocal por Serratia marcescens en un niño con enfermedad granulomatosa crónica / Serratia marcescens multifocal osteomyelitis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease

Resumen La enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC) es una inmunode-ficiencia primaria poco frecuente. Se caracteriza por una alteración en la función de los fagocitos, causando infecciones recurrentes bacterianas y fúngicas. Presentamos el caso clínico de un niño con una osteomielitis multifocal por Serratia marcescens , microorganismo infrecuente como causa de infecciones óseas en niños, aunque asociado a la EGC. El estudio de infecciones con presentación clínica y agentes inhabituales deben hacer sospechar una EGC. Su diagnóstico precoz en la vida, así como el tratamiento antimicrobiano oportuno y el uso posterior de una profilaxis antimicrobiana adecuada logrará evitar recurrencias infecciosas y secuelas.

Abstract Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immuno-deficiency. It is characterized by an alteration in the function of phagocytes causing recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. This is a case report of a child with multifocal osteomyelitis by Serratia marcescens, an infrequent as a cause of bone infections, although associated with CGD. The study of infections with clinical presentation and unusual agents should lead to suspicion of CGD. The diagnosis early in life, as well as timely antimicrobial treatment and the subsequent antimicrobial prophylaxis will avoid infectious recurrences and sequelae.

Cutaneous Serratia Marcescens Infection - A Rare Case Report

Summary@#Cutaneous serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) infection is very rare and most cases had history of skin trauma or cutaneous procedure done before. It presents in various forms like non-healing ulcers, abscess formation, nodules with an intermittent course or as granulomatous lesions, thus mimicking non-infective lesions. Antibiotic choice is challenging due to multiple antibiotic resistant strains. We are reporting a case of cutaneous S. marcescens in a 70-year old lady with diabetes mellitus presented with non-healing ulcers over the dorsum of left hand for 6 months.

Overexpression of Chitinase A Gene from Serratia marcescens in Bacillus subtilis and Characterization of Enhanced Chitinolytic Activity

Abstract Chitinase enzymes possess various usages in agriculture, biotechnology and medicine due to their chitin degrading property. Thus, efficient production of chitinase enzymes with desired properties has importance for its use. In this study, chitinase A (chiA) gene from Serratia marcescens Bn10 was cloned and heterologously overexpressed using pHT43 vector in Bacillus subtilis 168. The recombinant chitinase was characterized in terms of temperature, pH, and various effectors. The extracellular chitinase activity in recombinant B. subtilis was found 2.15-fold higher than the parental strain after 2 h of IPTG induction. Optimum temperature and pH for the extracellular chitinase activity in the recombinant B. subtilis were determined as 60 oC and pH 9.0, respectively. NaCl, Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween-20, and ethanol increased the chitinase activity whereas Mg2+ caused an inhibition. The most notable increment on the chitinase activity was provided by Zn2+ (3.2 folds) and then by SDS (2.9 folds). The chitinase, overproduced by the recombinant B. subtilis 168 heterologously expressing chiA, was determined to have optimum activity at high temperature and alkaline conditions as well as various effectors increase its activity. The extracellular chitinase of recombinant B. subtilis might be a promising source for agricultural, biotechnological and medical applications.

Serratia marcescens as a cause of cervical myelopathy / Serratia marcescens como causa de mielopatia cervical / Serratia marcescens como causa de mielopatía cervical

ABSTRACT Introduction: The main causative agent of spinal infections is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, followed by saprophytes of the skin. The most affected segment is the lumbar, followed by the thoracic. Objective: Case report. Results: A previously healthy 40-year-old man with posterior cervical pain and myelopathy was referred to our spine service for vertebral destruction syndrome in C3-C4 and altered carbohydrate metabolism. Microdiscectomy and abscess drainage were performed and a biopsy was taken for definitive diagnosis. Multiresistant Serratia Marcescens was isolated in the culture. Both the myelopathy and carbohydrate intolerance were resolved as the infection was resolved. Conclusion: The significance of this case lies in the infective presentation of the S. Marcescens in an immunocompetent person, since it is mainly an opportunistic microorganism, and in the atypical location. The most commonly isolated pathogen is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Identification of the causative agent is essential to the initiation of antibiotic therapy. Therefore, microbiological isolation plays a fundamental role in the treatment, recovery and quality of life of the patient. Level of evidence V; Case report.

RESUMO Introdução: O principal agente causador das infecções da coluna vertebral é o Mycobacterium tuberculosis, seguido pelos saprófitos da pele. O segmento mais afetado é o lombar, seguido pelo torácico. Objetivo: Relato de caso. Resultados: Um homem, anteriormente saudável, de 40 anos, com dor cervical posterior e mielopatia como principal sintomatologia, foi encaminhado ao nosso serviço de coluna vertebral com síndrome de destruição vertebral em C3-C4 e alteração do metabolismo de carboidratos. A microdiscectomia e a drenagem de abscessos foram realizadas e uma biópsia foi feita para diagnóstico definitivo. A Serratia marcescens multirresistente foi isolada na cultura. Tanto a mielopatia como a intolerância a carboidratos foram resolvidas, uma vez que a infecção foi tratada. Conclusão: A importância desse caso reside na apresentação infecciosa da S. marcescens em uma pessoa imunocompetente, uma vez que esse é principalmente um microrganismo oportunista e por sua localização atípica. O patógeno mais comumente isolado é o Mycobacterium tuberculosis, seguido pelo Staphylococcus aureus. A identificação do agente causador é essencial para início da terapia com antibióticos. Portanto, o isolamento microbiológico desempenha um papel fundamental no tratamento, recuperação e qualidade de vida do paciente. Nível de evidência: V; Relato de caso.

RESUMEN Introducción: El principal agente causal de las infecciones de columna es la Mycobacterium Tuberculosis seguido de los saprófitos de la piel y el principal segmento afectado es el lumbar, seguido del torácico. Objetivo: Reporte de caso. Resultados: Presentamos un masculino de 40 años previamente sano, referido al servicio de columna por síndrome de destrucción vertebral C3-C4, con dolor cervical posterior y mielopatía como principal sintomatología, y alteración del metabolismo de carbohidratos. Se realizó microdiscectomía y drenaje de absceso con toma de biopsia para diagnóstico definitivo. En el cultivo se aisló Serratia Marcescens, multirresistente. La mielopatía y la intolerancia a los carbohidratos se resolvieron una vez resuelta la infección. Conclusión: La importancia de este caso radica en la presentación infectante de la S. Marcescens en una persona inmunocompetente ya que esta es principalmente un microorganismo oportunista y por su localización atípica. El patógeno más comúnmente aislado es Mycobacterium Tuberculosis seguido de Staphylococcus aureus. La identificación del agente causal es fundamental para iniciar la terapéutica antibiótica. Por lo tanto, el aislamiento microbiológico tiene un papel fundamental en el tratamiento, la recuperación y calidad de vida del paciente. Nivel de evidencia V; Reporte de caso.

Screening of three phenol-degrading bacteria for copper bioremoval of copper

Aim: Potential microbial isolates for bioremoval of copper were collected from phenolic and heavy metal-contaminated soils and screened in copper-containing medium for determining the maximum tolerance level for copper. Methodology: Bioremoval of copper was assessed using sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate assay. Physical and cultural conditions influencing copper bioremoval such as initial concentration, biomass dosage (inoculum volume), temperature and pH were optimised via one-factor-at-a-time. Results: The highest maximum tolerance level was displayed by Serratia sp. AQ5-03 at 600 mg l-1, while for Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02 and Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 it was 500 mg l-1. The highest bioremoval for Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02, Serratia sp. AQ5-03 and Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 was achieved at 20, 50 and 75 mg l-1, respectively. The optimum biomass dosage (inoculum volume) for both Serratia sp. AQ5-03 and Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 were 15%, whereas it was 10% for Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02. The results also revealed that maximum bioremoval was achieved at pH 6 at an optimum temperature of 20°C for both Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02 and Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04, while Serratia sp. AQ5-03 showed optimum removal at pH 7 and at 30°C temperature. The maximum bioremoval efficiency for Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02, Serratia sp. AQ5-03 and Pseudomonas sp were found to be 62, 57 and 70%, respectively. Interpretation: The results indicate that Alcaligenes sp. AQ5-02, Serratia sp. AQ5-03, Pseudomonas sp. AQ5-04 can be utilised as bioremoval agent since it possessed the highest bioremoval efficiency for copper remediation.

Optimisation Of Biosurfactant Production By Serratia Rubidaea Kap Isolated From Oil Contaminated Soil Sample

Surfactants are surface active molecules which play an important role in variousindustrial processes and product formation due to their interfacial properties, biodegradabilityand eco-friendly nature. Many of the chemical surfactants in use today are produced fromnon-renewable petrochemical feedstocks, hence bio surfactants produced by microorganismsusing renewable and cheap substrates are considered as viable alternatives to petroleumbased surfactants. In the current study, the optimization of various parameters for maximumproduction of bio surfactant, by Serratia rubidaea KAP isolated from oil contaminated soilsample, was carried out. Optimum bio surfactant production was obtained in a mediumcontaining; (g %) KH2PO4 (0.3), Na2HPO4 (0.6), yeast extract (0.5), NaCl (0.5), (NH4)2SO4 (0.3),MgSO4.7H2O (2mg), FeSO4.7H2O (0.002), and CaCl2.2H2O (0.006), rice bran oil (5% v/v) with C:N and C: P ratio as 8:1 and 7:1 respectively. The media was adjusted to pH 7.2, inoculated with5% v/v test culture prepared at 0.8O.D600nm, and incubated at 30°C for 96h under agitationspeed of 160rpm. The resulting bio surfactant yield of 1.0g% was achieved, with 0.88g% weightof dry biomass, 56.78% decrease in surface tension of the medium and emulsification index of87.5%. Thus the isolate showed good potential as a bio surfactant-producing bacterium thatcan be used for large scale production using rice bran oil as a cost-effective substrate, as analternative to chemical surfactants.

Enhanced production of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens FZSF02 in the form of pigment pellets

Background: Prodigiosin has been demonstrated to be an important candidate in investigating anticancer drugs and in many other applications in recent years. However, industrial production of prodigiosin has not been achieved. In this study, we found a prodigiosin-producing strain, Serratia marcescens FZSF02, and its fermentation strategies were studied to achieve the maximum yield of prodigiosin. Results: When the culture medium consisted of 16.97 g/L of peanut powder, 16.02 g/L of beef extract, and 11.29 mL/L of olive oil, prodigiosin reached a yield of 13.622 ± 236 mg/L after culturing at 26 °C for 72 h. Furthermore, when 10 mL/L olive oil was added to the fermentation broth at the 24th hour of fermentation, the maximum prodigiosin production of 15,420.9 mg/L was obtained, which was 9.3-fold higher than the initial level before medium optimization. More than 60% of the prodigiosin produced with this optimized fermentation strategy was in the form of pigment pellets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this phenomenon of pigment pellet formation, which made it much easier to extract prodigiosin at low cost. Prodigiosin was then purified and identified by absorption spectroscopy, HPLC, and LCMS. Purified prodigiosin obtained in this study showed anticancer activity in separate experiments on several human cell cultures: A549, K562, HL60, HepG2, and HCT116. Conclusions: This is a promising strain for producing prodigiosin. The prodigiosin has potential in anticancer medicine studies.

Enhancement of pigment production potential of Serratia marcescens (GBB151) through mutation and random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid analysis of its mutants

Serratia marcescens (GBB151) was isolated and genetically modified for high-yielding pigment production capacitythat could be employed for industrial purposes. Ethidium bromide-induced mutagenesis of GBB151 resulted inthe generation of eight mutant isolates (GBB151Ea-GBB151Eh). The chemical mutants of S. marcescens obtainedproduced 5-fold more pigment than the wild-type organism. The wild-type GBB151 produced 413.9 unit/cell,while the mutant strains produced pigments with yields ranging from 841.7 to 2008.5 unit/cell. Random amplifiedpolymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed different amplicons patterns of nativeas well as mutant derivatives. The factorial analysis diagram and the dendrogram showed a degree of dissimilarityamong the wild-type bacterial isolate GBB151 and its mutants. Mutant strains GBB151Ec and GBB151Ef wereclosest to the wild type as they appeared in the same quadrant. GBB151Ed which had lost its ability to producepigment was farthest and in the different quadrant to the wild type. These study provided insight into improvement inpigment production by manipulating genetic make-up of S. marcescens, thus meeting industrial demand.

Colonization of Serratia fonticola on phylloplane of tomato and its impact on leaf cytoplasmic protein profile

Aim: The aim of the present study was to understand the impact of human enteric pathogen (Serratia fonticola) colonization on cytoplasmic protein profile of tomato leaves. Methodology: Aseptically grown plants were inoculated with S. fonticola and sampled at different interval of time. Colonization pattern was studied by leaf impression technique. Changes in cytoplasmic protein profile were studied by protein-protein crosslinking method followed by separation through SDS PAGE. Results: The colonization pattern study revealed that maximum colonies were found at 24 hr post inoculation which gradually decreased with time, showing the survival of the pathogen on phylloplane. Electrophoretic separation of cytoplasmic proteins showed crosslinking of some proteins in treated samples at 48, 72 and 96 hr post inoculation. Interpretation: This study will help in understanding the molecular changes in cytoplasmic protein profile and survival of pathogen on phylloplane, thus limiting the growth of bacteria, Serratia fonticola on phyllosphere.

Antibacterial pigment production by Serratia marcescens using different casein types obtained from milk / Producción de un pigmento antibacteriano con Serratia marcescens usando diferentes tipos de caseína obtenida de leche

ABSTRACT Prodigiosin, a pigment produced by Serratia marcescens inhibits the growth of different microorganisms and the proliferation of some human cancer cell lines. Prodigiosin is usually produced by fermentations of substrates such as starch and proteins, and pigment yield depends on the concentration of the carbon source, stirring speed of cultures, temperature and time of incubation, nitrogen sources, and pH of medium. In the present study, pigment production was assessed using two types of casein as substrate; pigment yield was greater when casein precipitated with vinegar was used as substrate than when high purity casein was. The maximum prodigiosin production was achieved with 10 g/L casein at pH 8.0. Additionally, supplementation of culture media with glucose was found to considerably decrease prodigiosin production and growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, which is directly related to pigment yield. Production in stirred-tank bioreactor at 0.75 vvm aeration was higher than that at 0.5 and 1.0 vvm. Substrate type, concentration and pH affected pigment production in Erlenmeyer flasks, whereas aeration rate influenced pigment production in a stirred-tank bioreactor.

RESUMEN La prodigiosina es un pigmento producido por Serratia marcescens que inhibe el crecimiento de diferentes microorganismos y la proliferación de algunas líneas celulares de cáncer humano. La prodigiosina generalmente se produce a través de fermentaciones con sustratos como almidón y proteínas y su producción depende de la concentración de la fuente de carbono, la velocidad de agitación en los cultivos, la temperatura y el tiempo de incubación, las fuentes de nitrógeno y el pH del medio. En este trabajo se evaluó la formación de pigmento usando dos tipos de caseína como sustrato; la producción de pigmento fue mayor cuando se utilizó caseína precipitada con vinagre que cuando se utilizó caseína de alta pureza. La máxima concentración de prodigiosina se logró con 10 g/L de caseína a un pH de 8.0. Se encontró además que suplementar los medios de cultivo con glucosa disminuye considerablemente la producción de prodigiosina y la inhibición de Staphylococcus aureus, la cual está relacionada directamente con la producción de pigmento. La producción en biorreactor de tanque agitado con una aireación de 0.75 vvm fue mayor que con 0.5 y 1.0 vvm. El tipo de sustrato, la concentración y el pH afectaron la producción de pigmento en Erlenmeyer mientras que la velocidad de aireación influyó sobre la producción de pigmento en biorreactor de tanque agitado.

Pseudohemoptisis por Serratia Marcescens / Pseudohemoptisis by Serratia Marcescens

Se denomina hemoptisis a la expulsión de sangre procedente del árbol traqueobronquial, es por ello que siempre habrá que descartar sangrado de cavidad oral, nasofaringe y tracto digestivo. De esta forma, la expectoración de sangre de una fuente que no es el tracto respiratorio inferior se denomina pseudohemoptisis, siendo sus causas la hematemesis, los tumores nasofaríngeos y digestivos, la sobredosis de rifampicina y la neumonía por Serratia marcescens. Esta bacteria patógena es la única descripta en la bibliografía como causa de pseudohemoptisis por ser productora de un pigmento rojizo denominado prodigiosina. En su diagnóstico, además de los cultivos de muestras respiratorias y hemocultivos, juega un rol importante la búsqueda de hematíes en esputo, los cuales se encuentran ausentes cuando el pigmento es el responsable de la coloración de la muestra

Microorganismos tolerantes a metales pesados del pasivo minero Santa Rosa, Jangas (Perú) / Heavy metals tolerant microorganisms from mine tailing wastelands Santa Rosa, Jangas (Peru)

En el presente trabajo estudiamos el grado de tolerancia a metales pesados de hongos y bacterias aisladas de suelos con y sin rizósfera, con el propósito de conocer su potencial para aplicaciones en biorremediación. Las muestras procedían del pasivo minero de Santa Rosa de Jangas. Los hongos y bacterias aislados fueron identificados taxonómicamente mediante el análisis de la región ITS y 16S ADNr, respectivamente. El índice de tolerancia a metales pesados se calculó usando medio salino suplementado con 1 mM a plomo (II), cobre (II), niquel (II) o zinc (II), y 0.1 mM a plata (I), cromo (VI) o cadmio (II). En total se aislaron 23 hongos y 18 bacterias. Las cepas de hongos con mejores índices de tolerancia fueron: Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 y Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2) y Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Las cepas de bacterias con mayores índices de tolerancia fueron Bacillus licheniformis SSR18 (Cd+2, Ni+2 y Zn+2), Bacillus subtilis SSR3 (Pb+2), Serratia sp. SSR15 (Cu+2), Serratia sp. SSR13 (Ag+1) y Bacillus cereus SSR01 (Cr+6). También se encontró que los hongos mostraron mejores índices de tolerancia que las bacterias. Finalmente, los suelos del pasivo ambiental minero de Santa Rosa de Jangas poseen una microflora interesante, probablemente con mecanismos para su adaptación, crecimiento y desarrollo sobre metales pesados y pueden ser de utilidad para el desarrollo de procesos biotecnológicos y biorremediación.

In this work, we studied the degree of tolerance to heavy metals of fungi and bacteria isolated from soils with and without rhizosphere, in order to know its potential for applications in bioremediation. The samples came from Santa Rosa de Jangas mining liability. The fungi and bacterial strains were taxonomically identified by ITS region and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Heavy metal tolerance indices were calculate using salt medium supplemented with 1mM of lead (II), cupper (II), nickel (II) or zinc (II); and 0.1 mM of silver (I), chromium(VI) or cadmium (II). It was isolated 23 fungi and 18 bacteria strains. The fungi with better tolerance indices were Fusarium temperatum CTLM05 (Pb+2), Fusarium temperatum CTLM08 (Zn+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM18 (Ni+2 and Cd+2), Fusarium oxysporum CTLM12 (Ag+1), Fusarium inflexum CTLM22 (Cu+2), and Penicillium vanluykii CTLM11 (Cr+6). Likewise, the bacterial strains with better tolerance indices were Bacillus licheniformis SSR18 (Cd+2, Ni+2 and Zn+2), Bacillus subtilis SSR3 (Pb+2), Serratia sp. SSR15 (Cu+2), Serratia sp. SSR13 (Ag+1) and Bacillus cereus SSR01 (Cr+6). Too, it was found that fungi showed better tolerance indices than bacterial strains. Finally, the soil from Santa Rosa waste mine have an interesting microflora, probably with mechanisms for their adaptation, growth, and development were heavy metals are present and they could be useful to perform biotechnology and bioremediation processes.

Infección por Serratia marcescens: una inusual causa de lesiones cutáneas / Serratia marcescens infection: an unusual cause of skin lesions

Serratia marcescens corresponde a un bacilo gram negativo, miembro de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Este microorganismo tiene una alta capacidad de supervivencia en condiciones hostiles y ha sido implicado en infecciones del tracto respiratorio, vía urinaria, meningitis, endocarditis y sistema musculoesquelético. No obstante, es considerado una causa rara de infecciones cutáneas. Esta última tiene distintas presentaciones clínicas, la más frecuente es fascitis necrotizante seguida de celulitis. Los nódulos, las pápulas después de inyecciones de rellenos, las erupciones papulares diseminadas, las placas eritematosas, las pústulas y las úlceras son parte del amplio espectro de formas clínicas descritas en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 50 años, con historia de compromiso del estado general, lesiones cutáneas polimorfas y fiebre. Se confirmó una infección cutánea por Serratia marcescens mediante cultivos. Se destaca el polimorfismo y la coexistencia de distintas manifestaciones en una misma paciente, incluyendo celulitis, nódulo, ulceras y necrosis cutánea y la importancia del estudio microbiológico para el adecuado tratamiento antibiótico.

Serratia marcescens corresponds to gram negative bacillus, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. This microorganism has a high survival capacity in hostile conditions and has been implicated in respiratory tract, urinary tract, meningitis, endocarditis and musculoskeletal system infections. However, it is considered a infrequent cause of cutaneous infections. Has different clinical presentations, the most frequent is necrotizing fasciitis followed by cellulite. Nodules, papules after filler injections, disseminated papular eruption, erythematous plaques, pustules and ulcers are part of the broad spectrum of clinical forms described in the literature. We present the case of a 50 year old patient with a history of compromised general condition, polymorphic cutaneous lesions and fever. Serratia marcescens cutaneous infection was confirmed by cultures. The polymorphism and the coexistence of different manifestations in the same patient, including cellulitis, nodule, ulcers and skin necrosis, and the importance of the microbiological study for the adequate antibiotic treatment are highlighted.

Characteristics of a red-pigmented thermotolerant bacteria (GSB-001) isolated from Gedong Songo hot spring, Bandungan, Semarang – Indonesia

Aims@#Pigments used as food additives for a long time and people prefer natural pigment than synthetic ones because of their safety. Microorganisms are interesting for pigment production and many of them have been used in food industry. Many research have been conducted to find out for natural pigment sources. The objective of this research was to investigate the characteristics of a red-pigmented bacteria isolated from Gedong Songo hot spring, Bandungan- Indonesia. @*Methodology and results@#Bacterial isolates were grown on Nutrient Agar for 24 h, and the morphology of the colonies and of the cells were identified. Biochemical tests included indole, methyl red, catalase, urease tests and carbohydrate fermentation. Molecular identification was based on 16S rRNA sequence. The isolate was a rod shape and Gram-negative. Biochemical tests showed that the isolate was indole negative, catalase positive, methyl red negative and urease negative. This isolate was glucose, maltose and sucrose positive and negative for lactose. 16S rRNA sequence was BLAST and it matched with Serratia marcescens strain S823. The red pigment antioxidant activity showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging of 49.11% obtained from 48 h of incubation. Functional group of S. marcescens pigment on Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR) displayed specific peak at 1740 cm-1 represented of C═O (carbonyl) stretching group. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Based on morphological, biochemical and moleculer identifications, it showed that the bacteria isolated from Gedong Songo hot spring Bandungan-Indonesia had 94% homology with Serratia marcescens strain S823. Based on DPPH radical scavenging test, it demonstrated that S. marcescens had potency as an antioxidant.

Bacterial endophytes from mangrove leaves with antibacterial and enzymatic activities

Aims@#The aim of this study was to screen bacterial endophytes with antibacterial and enzyme activity from mangrove leaves of Indonesia. @*Methodology and results@#Bacterial endophytes were isolated and evaluated for antibacterial activity against five strains of pathogenic bacteria. Enzymatic Index (EI) was measured to evaluate the production of protease, amylase and cellulase. Hemolysin test was performed on Blood Agar and the sensitivity to antibiotic was performed. Bacterial endophyte Strain 1-1 isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza showed strong inhibition against Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone of 12.6 ± 1.4, 8.8 ± 4.1, 12.5 ± 2.3 and 8.4 ± 0.9 mm respectively. Isolate 1-16 which isolated from B. gymnorrhiza exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while Isolate 6-10 isolated from Avicennia lanata exhibited strong inhibition on Salmonella sp. (13.1 ± 3.3 mm). All of those three isolates produced protease, non-haemolysin-producing strain and sensitive to gentamicin or kanamycin but resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Those three isolates were identified based on homology of 16S rDNA sequence. Strain 1-1 and 1-16 were identified as P. aeruginosa, while strain 6-10 identified as S. marcescens. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#This finding was showed the potential endophytic bacteria from Indonesian mangrove plants with antibacterial and enzyme production.