RÉSUMÉ
The current study investigates the in-vivo hepatoprotective effectiveness of Bougainvillea glabra stem extract against alcohol and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal models. The alterations in liver enzymes including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin are studied in rats given B. glabra extract with paracetamol or alcohol to produce hepatotoxicity. The levels of glutathione and lipid peroxidation were also examined, and the outcomes were contrasted with silymarin as the reference. The acute toxicity studies presented the plant extract under category 5 of GHS system, which further motivated the studies for hepatoprotective activity. The induction of hepatotoxicity was confirmed with the elevated levels of serum and tissue biochemical by the administration of paracetamol and alcohol. Under paracetamol as a hepatotoxin, the animals with 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o demonstrated near figures for SGPT and SGOT of the group treated with silymarin with significance. The results were still more appreciative under alcohol as a hepatotoxin. In both cases, the group with 400 mg/kg p.o gave a promising result with the reduced inflammatory cells under histopathological studies.
RÉSUMÉ
Background: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection that in recent years has become an important disease of international public health concern. Dengue virus infections and illness when symptomatic, that patients tend to present with a significantly wide variety manifestations. The aim of the study was to evaluate liver dysfunction in patients with dengue infections.Methods: The present study was undertaken as an observational cross-sectional study the period June 2017 to December 2018. The details of all patients with serologically proved dengue fever admitted in the hospital were reviewed. Data including routine blood count, liver function test (LFT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), abdominal ultrasonography was studied. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Difference between proportions was tested by using chi square test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure linear correlation between two continuous variables. A p value <0.05 was consideredstatistically significant.Results: Majority of the study participants were in the age group of 16-30 years (57.5%) and were males (64.5%). Fever, Headache and joint pain were the most common symptoms noted among the study participants. Majority of the study participants were found to have elevated levels of SGOT (75.3%), SGPT (64.2%) levels and lower levels ofserum albumin (68.6%) on evaluation. Statistically significant association was observed between elevated liver enzymes and presence of features of dengue haemorrhagic fever.Conclusions: Considerably high proportion of patients with dengue infection were found to have hepatic dysfunction in the form of deranged liver enzymes.
RÉSUMÉ
Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by ingestion of infected meat containing larvae of Trichinella, more prevalent in developing countries. Although infection with Trichinella is globally distributed, it has been documented only rarely in India. The reports are available where Trichinella larvae were found from animals in India but, to our knowledge, only one human case has been reported from India (Punjab), so far. This is the first report of small multiple outbreaks of human trichinosis in India (2009-2011). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of trichinosis patients belonging to remote areas of Uttarakhand were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively. Patients belonged to remote areas of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 77.78% were male, and 22.22% were female. The age of patients ranged from 9-55 yrs. History of eating meat of wild boar was given by all (100%). The signs and symptoms of the patients varied even after intake of same diet, and included generalized weakness/malaise, myalgia, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, facial/periorbital edema, subconjunctival hemorrhages, retinal hemorrhages, muscle atrophy, and dyspnea. Laboratory investigations revealed eosinophilia, leukocytosis, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) elevation in 100%, 88.89%, 50% and 16.67%, respectively. Muscle biopsies revealed larvae in 27.78%. One patient expired while others improved. The prevalence of trichinosis is likely to be underestimated. The aim of this study is to emphasize on the magnitude of the problem, to educate people, especially in the affected areas about this health hazard and help implementation of epidemiological studies and preventive measures.