Sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.Methods The present analysis included 487 373 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank after excluding those with cancer,heart diseases,stroke at baseline survey.The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008.The number of follow-up years was calculated from the time that the participants completed baseline survey to the time of any event:CVD incidence,death,loss of follow-up,or December 31,2015,whichever occurred first.We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and 95％CI of incident cardiovascular diseases with tobacco smoking.Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (a total of 4.1 million person years),we documented 33 947 cases of ischemic heart diseases,6 048 cases of major coronary diseases,7 794 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage,and 31 722 cases of cerebral infarction.The prevalence of smoking was much higher in men (67.9％) than in women (2.7％).Smoking increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases.Compared with nonsmokers,the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95％CI) for current smokers were 1.54 (1.43-1.66) for major coronary event,1.28 (1.24-1.32) for ischemic heart disease,1.18 (1.14-1.22) for cerebral infarction,and 1.07 (1.00-1.15) for intracerebral hemorrhage,respectively.Female smokers tended to have greater risk of developing major coronary event associated with amount of tobacco smoked daily (interaction P=0.006) and age when smoking started (interaction P=0.011).There was no sex difference in these two effects for ischemic heart diseases,intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction (all interaction P＞0.05).Conclusions This prospective study confirmed increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases in current smokers.Smoking was more harmful to women than to men for major coronary event.

Sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine the sex-specific associations between tobacco smoking and risk of cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults.Methods The present analysis included 487 373 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank after excluding those with cancer,heart diseases,stroke at baseline survey.The baseline survey was conducted from June 2004 to July 2008.The number of follow-up years was calculated from the time that the participants completed baseline survey to the time of any event:CVD incidence,death,loss of follow-up,or December 31,2015,whichever occurred first.We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the HRs and 95％CI of incident cardiovascular diseases with tobacco smoking.Results During a median follow-up of 8.9 years (a total of 4.1 million person years),we documented 33 947 cases of ischemic heart diseases,6 048 cases of major coronary diseases,7 794 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage,and 31 722 cases of cerebral infarction.The prevalence of smoking was much higher in men (67.9％) than in women (2.7％).Smoking increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases.Compared with nonsmokers,the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95％CI) for current smokers were 1.54 (1.43-1.66) for major coronary event,1.28 (1.24-1.32) for ischemic heart disease,1.18 (1.14-1.22) for cerebral infarction,and 1.07 (1.00-1.15) for intracerebral hemorrhage,respectively.Female smokers tended to have greater risk of developing major coronary event associated with amount of tobacco smoked daily (interaction P=0.006) and age when smoking started (interaction P=0.011).There was no sex difference in these two effects for ischemic heart diseases,intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction (all interaction P＞0.05).Conclusions This prospective study confirmed increased risk of all subtypes of cardiovascular diseases in current smokers.Smoking was more harmful to women than to men for major coronary event.

Isolation and expression profiling of fruitless gene in Anopheles stephensi / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To isolate, identify and analyze the sex-determining gene fruitless(Anstfru)of malaria-transmitting mosquito Anopheles stephensi.@*Methods@#The full length cDNA of the gene Anstfru was obtained by using bioinformatic and molecular biological method . RT-PCRmethod was used to validate the sex variable splicing pattern and expression time characteristics. The structural features and molecular evolutional features of FRU protein of Anopheles stephensi were analyzed via comparison with FRU protein of known species.@*Results@#The full length of Anstfru gene was isolated and identified, and sex-specific mRNA of the gene could form in female and male mosquitos through variable splicing. The Anstfru began to be expressed from early 1st-2nd stage larvae embryo, the quantity of expression increased subsequently and displayed the highest expression level in adult stage. The FRU protein had the sequence-conservative BTB and zinc finger functional domains.@*Conclusions@#Anstfru gene showed conservative functional domains and sex-determining gene fru expression features in mosquito and further in-depth studies on which will facilitate the application of techniques separating female mosquitos from male mosquitoes, and sterile insect technique (SIT)/technology in prevention and treatment of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Loci with Sex-Specific Effects for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Traits in a Korean Population

BACKGROUND: Until recently, genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based findings have provided a substantial genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or related glycemic traits. However, identification of allelic heterogeneity and population-specific genetic variants under consideration of potential confounding factors will be very valuable for clinical applicability. To identify novel susceptibility loci for T2DM and glycemic traits, we performed a two-stage genetic association study in a Korean population. METHODS: We performed a logistic analysis for T2DM, and the first discovery GWAS was analyzed for 1,042 cases and 2,943 controls recruited from a population-based cohort (KARE, n=8,842). The second stage, de novo replication analysis, was performed in 1,216 cases and 1,352 controls selected from an independent population-based cohort (Health 2, n=8,500). A multiple linear regression analysis for glycemic traits was further performed in a total of 14,232 nondiabetic individuals consisting of 7,696 GWAS and 6,536 replication study participants. A meta-analysis was performed on the combined results using effect size and standard errors estimated for stage 1 and 2, respectively. RESULTS: A combined meta-analysis for T2DM identified two new (rs11065756 and rs2074356) loci reaching genome-wide significance in CCDC63 and C12orf51 on the 12q24 region. In addition, these variants were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function. Interestingly, two independent single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with sex-specific stratification in this study. CONCLUSION: Our study showed a strong association between T2DM and glycemic traits. We further observed that two novel loci with multiple diverse effects were highly specific to males. Taken together, these findings may provide additional insights into the clinical assessment or subclassification of disease risk in a Korean population.

RESEARCH OF THE SEX-SPECIFIC PHOTORECEPTORS OF THE COMPOUND EYE RELATIVE TO CHASING BEHAVIOR IN THE HOUSEFLY (MUSCA DOMESTIC A) / 解剖学报

Micro-and ultrastructure of the photoreceptors and first visual ganglion in the different regions of the compound eye of the wild male and female housefly, and the projections of the photoreceptor cells within the subsequent visual centers have been studied. The morphology of the retina and lamina ganglia in the front dorsal and the equatorial regions of the male compound eye and the front ventral region of the female one, and the projections of the retina within the lamina show the sexspecific characteristics underlying the function of chasing behavior in the housefly.