Reduction in pregnancies and litters in mice couples with splenectomized male

ABSTRACT Purpose The spleen is relevant in blood purification, hematopoiesis, metabolism, and immune response to antigens, in addition to the storage and control on the release of metals and amino acids. Its functions concerning reproduction characteristics are still unknown. The objective was to study the influence of splenectomies on reproduction. Methods This study analyzed 25 mice couples, distributed into five groups: group 1 - control, no surgery: group 2 - control, submitted to laparotomy and laparorrhaphy only; group 3 - splenectomy in male mice; group 4 - splenectomy in female mice; group 5 - splenectomy in male and female mice. The animals were studied as regards the number of gestations and offspring generated in each gestation. Results A decrease in both the number of gestations and the number of offspring was verified in the male mice that had received a splenectomy when coupled with normal female mice. It is important to emphasize lower reproduction level when paired asplenic males with normal females, otherwise, the couples in which both mice had been splenectomized did not present change in the reproduction pattern. Conclusions A reduction in the number of pregnancies and litters occurs in mice couples when the male mice were previously splenectomized.

Impacto do sobrepeso na disfunção sexual feminina: revisão da literatura / Impact of overweight in sexual dysfunction female: review of literature

Este estudo objetiva revisar a literatura sobre o impacto da obesidade/sobrepeso nas disfunções sexuais femininas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e Scholar, utilizando os descritores "disfunção sexual" e "sobrepeso" ou "obesidade" em português e os seus equivalentes em inglês ("sexual dysfunction" e "overweight" ou "obesity") em artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015. Os critérios de exclusão foram: ser somente resumo e artigo completo não ser disponível online ou somente estudo de disfunção sexual masculina. Foram encontrados 98 artigos na base de dados SciELO, 975 na base de dados LILACS e 297 no Scholar; destes foram incluídos apenas sete artigos tendo em vista que todos os outros apresentavam algum critério de exclusão. A maioria dos artigos avaliados foi positiva ao relacionar a disfunção sexual em mulheres e a obesidade/sobrepeso. Alguns artigos também relacionaram a síndrome metabólica com a disfunção sexual feminina (DSF), sendo essa síndrome muito relacionada com a obesidade, principalmente a obesidade visceral, um fator de risco cardiovascular. Observamos pouca diferença no instrumento utilizado pelos autores, a maioria utilizando o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Pode-se concluir que s índices de sobrepeso e obesidade vêm crescendo significativamente no mundo, e, após este trabalho, observarmos forte e consistente relação entre a disfunção sexual e o excesso de peso. O FSFI demonstrou ser um instrumento eficaz no estudo da DSF. Porém, nenhum estudo pode comprovar uma relação de causa e efeito, pois se tratam de estudos transversais. Não foi encontrado nenhum estudo de intervenção observando a relação entre a perda de peso e a melhora na função sexual de mulheres, o que corroboraria a hipótese de que a obesidade seria um fator importante na DSF.(AU)

This study aims to review the literature on the impact of obesity/overweight in sexual dysfunctions. The survey was conducted in databases SciELO, LILACS and Scholar, using the descriptors "sexual dysfunction" and "obesity/overweight" in English and their synonyms in Portuguese ("disfunção sexual" and "obesidade" or "sobrepeso"), in scientific papers published between 2005 and 2015. Exclusion criteria: being an abstract, full text not available online or only related to male sexual dysfunction. 98 articles were found in the SciELO database, 975 in the LILACS database and 297 in Scholar; from these were included only seven articles, given that everyone else had some requirement of the exclusion criteria. Most reviewed articles found positive association between sexual dysfunction in women and obesity/overweight. Some articles also linked the metabolic syndrome with female sexual dysfunction, which is closely related with obesity, especially visceral obesity, and is a cardiovascular risk factor. There was little difference in the methodology used by the authors, most of them using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). It can be concluded that overweight and obesity rates have been significantly growing in the world, and, after this work, we observe strong and consistent relationship between sexual dysfunction and overweight. The FSFI proved to be an effective tool in the study of female sexual dysfunction. However, no study could prove a cause-effect relationship, since they were cross-sectional studies. No intervention study observing the relationship between weight loss and sexual function improvement in women was found, which would corroborate the hypothesis that obesity could be an important factor in female sexual dysfunction.(AU)

Percepción de la mujer gestante sobre su función sexual / The pregnant woman's knowledge about her sexual function

Introducción: para comprender la conducta sexual humana durante el embarazo es necesario valorar áreas sumamente extensas como las de tipos anatómicas, fisiológicas y socioculturales. Objetivo: identificar la percepción que tienen las mujeres gestantes sobre su función sexual. Material y método: investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y analítica en el Policlínico Universitario "Hermanos Cruz" de la provincia de Pinar del Río, entre abril de 2009 y febrero de 2010. El universo quedó conformado por todas las mujeres embarazadas captadas precozmente de los grupos básicos de trabajo 1, 2 y 3 (n = 218); para la selección de la muestra se escogieron al azar 21 consultorios, y de ellos, se seleccionaron las primeras siete gestantes captadas antes de las 13 semanas de embarazo (n = 147); se empleó un cuestionario el que fue aplicado en los tres trimestres del embarazo, para la validación de los resultados se empleó la prueba de ji cuadrado con nivel de significación de p<0,05. Resultados: la edad promedio de las mujeres fue de 28,6 años, el 46,26% eran trabajadoras, con predominio del preuniversitario como escolaridad, la primigesta y un promedio de 2,8 años de tiempo de matrimonio. La mediana de la frecuencia del coito fue de 1 en el primero y tercer trimestre, existiendo una disminución de dicha frecuencia en ambos trimestre, también en estos períodos disminuyó la percepción del deseo y la excitación sexual, así como la apreciación cualitativa del orgasmo. Conclusiones: las mujeres perciben su función sexual muy perturbada durante el proceso de gestación.

Introduction: to understand the human sexual behavior during pregnancy it is required to assess broadly comprehensive areas such as anatomical, physiological and sociocultural. Objective: to identify the pregnant women´s knowledge about their sexual behavior. Material and method: analytical, prospective, longitudinal research in Hermanos Cruz Outpatient Polyclinic in Pinar del Río Province, between April 2010 and February 2011. The universe was made up of all pregnant women early caught from the basic work groups 1, 2 and 3 (n=218). To choose the sample 21 doctor´s offices were randomly chosen, and from these the first 7 pregnant women caught within the first 13 weeks of pregnancy (n=147). A questionnaire made up by the authors was used in three trimesters. To evaluate the statistical significance the Gamma and Friedman chi-square test was used at 95% of accuracy. Results: the mean age of women was 28.6 years, 46.26% were workers, predominantly with pre-university schooling, primigravida and an average time of 2.8 years of marriage. Median coital frequency was 1 in the first and third quarters, and there is a decrease in the frequency in both quarters, even in these periods perception of desire and arousal decreased, and so did the qualitative assessment of orgasm, by which variations are shown in the various terms (p <0.05). Conclusions: during gestation changes in coital frequency occurred, and so did sexual desire and arousal and orgasm phases of the sexual response.

Psicofármacos y función gonadal / Psychotropic drugs and gonadal function

Psychotropic medications have a series of neurobiological effects which may be related to adverse effects. The endocrinological side effects may affect prolactin and thyroid, parathyroid and antidiuretic hormones. They may also influence the appearance of metabolic syndrome, gonadal and sexual problems. There disturbances must be borne in mind to prevent or detect them on time,since they may affect the compliance with the treatment. This revision focuses on the relationship between psychotropic drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers and gonadal function. As a general recommendation, patients using these medications should be monitored for menstrual and fertility disturbances, weight change, hirsutism, galactorrhea and changes in libido and sexual life.

Função sexual da mulher na transição menopausal: estudo transversal / Sexual function of woman in menopause transition: transversal study

Introdução: O período de transição entre os anos reprodutivos e não reprodutivos da mulher, que acontece na meia-idade, é conhecido como transição menopausal ou climatério. Este é caracterizado por alterações crônico-degenerativas devido ao hipoestrogenismo, entre eles alterações atróficas do tecido urogenital, causando diminuição do suporte pélvico e da lubrificação dos tecidos urogenitais acarretando vaginite, prurido vaginal, disfunções miccionais e distúrbios sexuais. Objetivo: Avaliar a função sexual de mulheres na transição menopausal. Casuística e Método: Foram avaliadas 40 mulheres sexualmente ativas, com idades entre 45 e 55 anos e que se encontravam na perimenopausa (grupo A) ou pós-menopausa natural, não fazendo (grupo B) ou fazendo (grupo C) uso de terapia hormonal, através do questionário ôQuociente Sexual - Versão Femininaõ, composto por 10 questões classificadas em escala de 5 pontos. Resultados: O grupo C apresentou uma média de 39,67 pontos, ou seja, ôruim a desfavorávelõ. Já o grupo B permaneceu com uma média de 52,00 pontos, ou seja, ôdesfavorável a regularõ e o grupo A obteve média total de 62,70 pontos, sendo um escore ôregular a bomõ. Conclusão: As mulheres que estão em transição menopausal possuem déficits na esfera da função sexual, principalmente as mulheres na pós-menopausa, fazendo ou não uso de TH, quando comparadas às pacientes na perimenopausa.

Investigation and Analysis of Literature of Trazodone in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the status quo and the prospect of trazodo ne in the treatment of sexual dysfunction.METHODS:Data concerning the clinical applications of trazodone in the treatment of sexual dysfunction from the Chinese biomedicine bibliographic database,the database of Qinghua tongfang and the Huipu database during the period of1997～2004were referred to on the internet and which were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:There were17of which were research papers on erectile dysfunction and prospermia and7of which were review articles,the total cases for treatment were910,the average effective rates were71%.CONCLUSION:It deserves attention for the medicine circle to give a further study and research on the effects of trazodone in the treatment of male sexual dysfunction,especially the prospermia.