Résumé
Whilst practical strategies and conceptual frameworks of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) and community-based inclusive development (CBID) are well-documented by stakeholders globally, the approaches and skills of social workers at the meso- and community-levels have likely been addressed inadequately. This article aims to explore the integration of developmental social work with CBR/CBID. Drawing on the theory and concepts of developmental social work that have an affinity with those of CBR/CBID, this paper argues that the integration is practically useful and feasible for social workers and other professionals in CBR/CBID at the grassroots level. In particular, social investment, a comprehensive and multi-sectoral approach, development of local resources, and capacity development are emphasised to realise human rights and to promote the socioeconomic equality of disabled people. Such an integration also suggests the importance of ethnic- and culture-sensitive practice and reflects on power relationships. Based on these practical approaches and perspectives, a case of social workers is analysed using published field practice documents in the national CBR programme in rural Sri Lanka. The findings suggest that developmental social work could address the vicious cycle of inadequate education, poverty, and marginalisation in order to promote inclusive socioeconomic development. Despite some limitations of the arguments, this study suggests that future research could examine the integration of developmental social work with CBR/CBID in other fields.
Résumé
PURPOSE: In this paper issues and challenges of the workforce policy for nursing were explored and appropriate policy responses identified. RESULTS: Many countries, including South Korea, are facing a shortage of nurses. In South Korea, the number of practicing registered nurses is about half the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries. The shortage of nurses is not necessarily a shortage of individuals with nursing qualifications but also includes complex issues, such as lack of well-educated nurses, shortage of nurses willing to work, and geographical imbalances of nurses. The present nurse workforce policies are to increase number of nursing schools, to reduce the length of training, and to replace nurses with nursing assistants. However, the findings of many studies have shown that these attempts resulted in a worsening of patient outcomes and increasingly low quality of care. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicate that nurse workforce policy should have a multi-faceted approach in order to address the many factors affecting nurse shortages.
Sujets)
Humains , Soins , République de Corée , Écoles d'infirmièresRésumé
PURPOSE: This study was done to identify determinants of registered nurse (RN) skill mix and staffing level focused on hospital characteristics. METHODS: Data were obtained from health insurance claims data and hospital reporting system in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) for the year 2010. Data from 2,998 hospitals were analysed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. RESULTS: The RN skill mix and staffing level were positively related to hospital size and the percentage of inpatients to total patients. RN skill mix and staffing level were statistically different across regions. Including nursing aides (NA), however, there was no difference in staffing levels across regions. Medically vulnerable regions, bed operation rate, and the number of patients per doctor were also related to RN skill mix and staffing level. CONCLUSION: The statically significant determinants of RN skill mix and staffing level included hospital size, region, bed operation rate, percentage of inpatients, doctor-patient ratio. Further study needs to be done to investigate factors including RN supply and wages.