Résumé
Abstract The influence of a sleep education program (SEP) on the knowledge, habits, quality of sleep, and daytime sleepiness was evaluated in 40 Brazilian elementary and high school teachers [Groups: Experimental (EG=26)/Control (CG=14)]. The Health and Sleep questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep logs were applied to both groups, at baseline and in reassessment three weeks after a SEP with the EG. The methodology of the SEP was based on the Meaningful Learning theory proposed by Ausubel, consisting of four fortnightly meetings, lasting 4h each. After the program, the EG showed an increase in sleep knowledge and a reduction in coffee consumption near bedtime. Besides, 17% of teachers improved sleep quality in this group. However, no changes occurred in sleep schedules and sleepiness. Nevertheless, the positive results reinforce the need for sleep education programs with teachers to spread sleep knowledge in schools and improve the sleep quality in these professionals.
Resumo A influência de um programa de educação sobre o sono (PES) nos conhecimentos, hábitos e qualidade do sono, e sonolência diurna foi avaliada em 40 professores brasileiros do ensino básico [Grupos: Experimental (GE=26)/Controle (GC=14)]. A Saúde e Sono, o Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh e o diário de sono foram aplicados nos grupos antes e três semanas após um PES aplicado no GE. O programa baseado na teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa consistiu de quatro encontros de 4h/cada. Após o programa, o GE aumentou os conhecimentos sobre sono e reduziu o relato de consumo de café próximo a dormir, com melhora na qualidade de sono em 17% dos professores. Embora não tenha havido diferenças nos horários de sono e sonolência, os resultados positivos reforçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de programas educacionais sobre sono com professores para difusão do assunto nas escolas e melhora da qualidade do sono nestes profissionais.
Resumen La influencia de un programa de educación sobre el sueño (PES) en los conocimientos, hábitos, calidad de sueño y somnolencia diurna fue evaluado en 40 maestros brasileños de educación básica [Grupos: Experimental (GE=26)/Control (GC=14)]. Los cuestionarios Salud y Sueño, Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh y diario del sueño se aplicaron en los grupos, antes y tres semanas después de un PES en el GE. El programa basado en la teoría del aprendizaje significativo consistió en cuatro sesiones de 4 horas/cada uno. Después del programa, el GE aumentó su conocimiento sobre el sueño y hubo una reducción en el consumo de café cerca de la hora de acostarse, con una mejora en la calidad del sueño en 17% de los maestros. Aunque no hubo diferencias en los horarios de sueño y la somnolencia, los resultados positivos refuerzan la necesidad de desarrollar programas educativos sobre el sueño con los maestros para difundir el tema en las escuelas y mejorar la calidad del sueño en estos profesionales.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Qualité de vie/psychologie , Sommeil , Enseignants , Promotion de la santé , Brésil , Loi du khi-deux , Santé au travail , Recherche qualitativeRésumé
Background: Only recently health professionals have started recognizing sleep disorders as one of the commonest cause of morbidity. Only in the last 50 years have scientists and physicians attempted a systematic study of the physiology and disorders of sleep. The situation is changing in India too. About a decade ago the sleep medicine started developing but remained in the domain of Pulmonary Medicine. Through various societies, meetings, workshops it has now percolated to physiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and allied specialists. However, there is still a gap in the awareness about sleep and its disorders among health professionals. Limited information is available regarding sleep education in current medical curriculum in India and globally. Aims: (i) To find out the existence of a course or module on sleep medicine in any of Government medical colleges in India. (ii) To explore feasibility of using Learning Resource Material (LRM) on CDs for Continuing Medical Education. Methods: As an outcome of Sleep Symposium held at National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) conference at AIIMS, Jodhpur, a survey was carried out among 100 Government Medical Colleges in India along with Resource Material consisting of didactic teaching material distributed through Compact Disc (CD) to explore utility of the method. Results: Response rate from medical colleges was 41 %. Ninety five percent of medical colleges denied of having any structured course or module on sleep medicine. Fifty percent felt that such module should be included for both UG and PG while 70 % agreed for PG only. Regarding cost effective delivery methods for the content of such a module, majority responded in favour for an online or DVD based with one of the content experts as a resource person with his physical presence. All respondent were highly satisfied by the content of CD. Conclusion: Sleep education is almost non-existent in most of medical schools in India. Survey elicited average response from academic community. However, sleep education has been perceived by 70 % participants to be included in PG curriculum. The content of PowerPoint presentations was considered highly satisfying and using multi-modal technology for sleep education is regarded to be an effective delivery method by majority. It can be concluded that there is felt but unmet need of a course on sleep medicine in our existing medical curriculum using information technology.
Résumé
Aim: To analyze the interventions aimed at the practice of sleep hygiene, as well as their applicability and effectiveness in the clinical scenario, so that they may be used by pediatricians and family physicians for parental advice. Source of data: A search of the PubMed database was performed using the following descriptors: sleep hygiene OR sleep education AND children or school-aged. In the LILACS and SciELO databases, the descriptors in Portuguese were: higiene E sono, educação E sono, educação E sono E crianças, e higiene E sono E infância, with no limitations of the publication period. Summary of the findings: In total, ten articles were reviewed, in which the main objectives were to analyze the effectiveness of behavioral approaches and sleep hygiene techniques on children's sleep quality and parents' quality of life. The techniques used were one or more of the following: positive routines; controlled comforting and gradual extinction or sleep remodeling; as well as written diaries to monitor children's sleep patterns. All of the approaches yielded positive results. Conclusions: Although behavioral approaches to pediatric sleep hygiene are easy to apply and adhere to, there have been very few studies evaluating the effectiveness of the available techniques. This review demonstrated that these methods are effective in providing sleep hygiene for children, thus reflecting on parents' improved quality of life. It is of utmost importance that pediatricians and family physicians are aware of such methods in order to adequately advise patients and their families. .
Objetivo: Avaliar as intervenções visando práticas de higiene do sono em crianças, sua aplicabilidade e efetividade na prática clínica, para que as mesmas possam ser utilizadas na orientação dos pais pelos pediatras e médicos de família. Fonte dos dados: Foi realizada busca na base de dados da Pubmed utilizando os descritores sleep hygiene OR sleep education AND child or school-aged, e nas bases Lilacs e Scielo, com as seguintes palavras-chave: higiene E sono, educação E sono, educação E sono E crianças, e higiene E sono E infância, não tendo sido limitado o período de busca. Síntese dos dados: Foram revisados 10 artigos cujos objetivos eram analisar efetividade de abordagens comportamentais e de técnicas de higiene do sono sobre a qualidade do sono das crianças e na qualidade de vida dos pais. Foram utilizadas uma ou mais das seguintes técnicas: rotinas positivas, checagem mínima com extinçcão sistemática e extinção gradativa ou remodelamento do sono, bem como diários do padrão de sono. Todas as abordagens apresentaram resultados positivos. Conclusões: Apesar de a abordagem comportamental no manejo do sono na faixa etária pediátrica ser de simples execuçcão e adesão, existem poucos estudos na literatura que avaliaram sua efetividade. Os estudos revisados evidenciaram que estas medidas são efetivas na higiene e refletem em melhoria na qualidade de vida dos pais. É de fundamental importância os pediatras e médicos de família conhecerem estas abordagens, para que possam oferecer orientacções adequadas a seus pacientes. .