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Objective @#To construct a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) knowledge base using knowledge graph based on deep learning methods, and to explore the application of joint models in intelligent question answering systems for TCM.@*Methods@#Textbooks Prescriptions of Chinese Materia Medica and Chinese Materia Medica were applied to construct a comprehensive knowledge graph serving as the foundation for the intelligent question answering system. In the study, a BERT+Slot-Gated (BSG) deep learning model was applied for the identification of TCM entities and question intentions presented by users in their questions. Answers retrieved from the knowledge graph based on the identified entities and intentions were then returned to the user. The Flask framework and BSG model were utilized to develop the intelligent question answering system of TCM.@*Result@#A TCM knowledge map encompassing 3 149 entities and 6 891 relational triples based on the prescriptions and Chinese materia medica was drawn. In the question answering test assisted by a question corpus, the F1 value for recognizing entities when answering 20 types of TCM questions was 0.996 9, and the accuracy rate for identifying intentions was 99.75%. This indicates that the system is both feasible and practical. Users can interact with the system through the WeChat Official Account platform.@*Conclusion@#The BSG model proposed in this paper achieved good results in experiments by increasing the vector dimension, indicating the effectiveness of the joint model method and providing new research ideas for the implementation of intelligent question answering systems in TCM.
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Objective:To evaluate the biomechanical stability of our slot-designed compression bolt (SCB) combined with bilateral locking compression plates (LCPs) in the treatment of intra-articular distal femur fracture.Methods:In 24 adult male knee specimens treated with formalin, the femoral bony part was preserved to establish standard models of intra-articular distal femur fracture (AO type 33-C1). According to the random number table, the fracture models were divided into 2 equal groups: an experimental group ( n=12) subjected to fixation with one SCB combined with bilateral LCPs with 10 locking screws and a control group ( n=12) subjected to fixation with bilateral LCPs with 12 locking screws. In each model, a vertical ballast test was conducted to record the maximum axial displacement of the system and a horizontal torsion test to calculate the torsional stiffness of the system. When the loading pressure was 0-1,000 N in the biomechanical machine, structural abnormalities were observed in the 2 groups of models and the system maximum axial displacement and system torsional stiffness were compared between the 2 groups. Results:When the vertical ballast pressure was 400 N, 600 N, 800 N and 1,000 N, the maximum axial displacement of the system was, respectively, (0.14±0.01) mm, (0.25±0.01) mm, (0.41±0.02) mm and (0.63 ± 0.02) mm in the experimental group, and (0.15 ± 0.01) mm, (0.26 ± 0.01) mm, (0.46 ± 0.03) mm, and (0.67 ± 0.04) mm in the control group. Compared with the control group, the average maximum axial displacement in the experimental group decreased significantly under the axial pressure of 600-1,000 N ( P<0.05). When the horizontal torsion reached 5°, the torsional stiffness was, respectively, (2.00±0.12) Nm/° and (2.02±0.07) Nm/° in the experimental group and the control group, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of intra-articular distal femur fracture, compared with simple bilateral LCPs, our SCB combined with bilateral LCPs demonstrate similar torsional stability but better axial biomechanical stability. As our SCB has advantages of bilateral compression and minimal invasion in operation, it may be a new option for the reduction and compression treatment of intra-articular fractures.
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Los alambres en ortodoncia son elementos activos que tienen la capacidad de almacenar energía y liberar fuerzas. Los brackets permiten la unión directa y selectiva entre el arco de alambre y las piezas dentarias, lo que optimiza el efecto de presiones específicas de forma precisa y controlada, transmitiendo el movimiento en los tres sentidos del espacio. Durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia, estos elementos podrían sufrir alteraciones estructurales impidiendo el movimiento dental óptimo. En el presente trabajo de investigación, se analizó la respuesta que tienen el arco de acero inoxidable 0.019" × 0.025" y el slot de brackets de zafiro, en el sector anterior del maxilar superior, cuando ejercen fricción entre sí, antes y después de ser utilizados clínicamente en un tratamiento de ortodoncia. Para esto, las muestras fueron lavadas con alcohol absoluto al 96 % y secadas para ser observadas en el microscopio electrónico de barrido ambiental (MEB) (ESEM - environmental scanning electron microscope), modelo FEI ESEM QuantaTM 200. Los arcos rectangulares fueron analizados por sus cuatro caras y cuatro aristas (superior, inferior, interna y externa; respectivamente) y los slots de brackets de zafiro fueron observados en un corte sagital y dividido en forma lineal en tres mediciones (interna, media y externa). Los datos obtenidos fueron volcados en una planilla de tabulación de datos para su análisis estadístico, mediante el test de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk para medidas no paramétricas y el test de Fisher. En conclusión, las zonas más afectadas por el desgaste fueron las caras y aristas internas del arco de acero de 0.019" × 0.025", y la medición interna del slot de brackets de zafiro. Ambas presentaban una pérdida de la solución de continuidad en su estructura, evidenciando un área de mayor fricción(AU)
Orthodontic wires are active elements that have the ability to store energy and release forces. The brackets allow the direct and selective bonding between the wire arch and teeth, optimizing the effect of specific pressures in a precise and controlled way, transmitting movement in the three directions of space. During orthodontic treatment, these elements could undergo structural changes preventing optimal dental movement. In the current research work, the response that the 0.019" × 0.025" stainless steel archwire and the sapphire bracket slot have in the anterior sector of the upper jaw when they exert friction on each other, before and after being clinically used in an orthodontic treatment was analyzed. For this purpose, the samples were washed in 96% absolute alcohol and dried to be observed under the environmental scanning electron microscope ESEM (MEB - microscopio electrónico de barrido ambiental), model FEI ESEM QuantaTM 200. The rectangular archwires were analyzed on their 4 faces and 4 edges (upper, lower, internal and external) and the sapphire brackets slots were observed in a sagittal section and linearly divided into three measurements (internal, medium and external). The data obtained were put in a data tabulation spreadsheet for its statistical analysis by using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test for nonparametric measures, and the Fisher test. In conclusion, the areas most affected by wear were the internal face and edges of the 0.019" × 0.025" steel arch and the internal measurement of the sapphire brackets slot. They both presented loss of continuity in their structure, providing evidence of an area of greater friction(AU)
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Fils orthodontiques , Acier inoxydable , Microscopie électronique à balayage , Brackets orthodontiques , FrictionRésumé
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to verify the clinical recovery of dogs that underwent ventral slot surgical decompression with lateralized compressions of the cervical spinal cord caused by intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Twenty patients were selected in different degrees of neurological dysfunction with definitive diagnosis of lateralized compression by cervical IVDD. Postoperative clinical recovery was assessed in patients who had undergone at least two months of the surgical procedure. There was a satisfactory recovery in 19 dogs (95%) and unsatisfactory recovery in another (5%), showing a significant clinical improvement (p<0.05) in the use of this technique in lateralized compression cases. The ventral slot promotes satisfactory clinical recovery of dogs with lateralized compression of the spinal cord caused by cervical IVDD and may be indicated as a surgical alternative.
RESUMO: O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a recuperação clínica de cães submetidos a descompressão cirúrgica por fenda ventral em compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal cervical ocasionada pela doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV). Foram selecionados 20 pacientes em diferentes graus de disfunção neurológica com diagnóstico definitivo de compressões lateralizadas por DDIV cervical. A recuperação clínica pós-operatória foi avaliada nos pacientes decorridos, no mínimo, dois meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Houve recuperação satisfatória em 19 cães (95%) e um insatisfatório (5%), demonstrando melhora clínica significativa (p<0,05) no emprego desta técnica em casos de compressões lateralizadas. A fenda ventral promove recuperação clínica satisfatória de cães com compressões lateralizadas da medula espinhal, ocasionadas pela DDIV cervical, e pode ser indicada como alternativa cirúrgica.
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PURPOSE: Cement-retained implant prostheses can lack proper retrievability during repair, and residual cement can cause peri-implantitis. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of abutment height and convergence angle on the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with lingual slots, known as retrievable cement-type slots (RCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We fabricated six types of titanium abutments (10 of each type) with two different heights (4 mm and 6 mm), three different convergence angles (8°, 10°, and 12°), a sloped shoulder margin (0.6 mm depth), a rectangular shape (6 mm × 6.5 mm) with rounded edges, and a rectangular ledge (2 mm × 1 mm) for the RCS. One monolithic zirconia crown was fabricated for each abutment using a dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system. The abutments and crowns were permanently cemented together with dual-curing resin cement, followed by 24 hours in demineralized water at room temperature. Using a custom-made device with a slot driver and torque gauge, we recorded the torque (N·cm) required to remove the crowns. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=.05). RESULTS: Removal torques significantly decreased as convergence angles increased. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant interaction between the abutment height and the convergence angle (Durbin-Watson ratio: 2.186). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we suggest that the retrievability of cement-retained implant prostheses with RCS can be maintained by adjusting the abutment height and convergence angle, even when they are permanently cemented together.
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Couronnes , Techniques in vitro , Péri-implantite , Prothèses et implants , Céments résine , Épaule , Titane , Moment de torsion , EauRésumé
PURPOSE: Recently, a method of forming a slot in the prosthesis lingual has been introduced to solve the occlusal and aesthetic disadvantages of screw-retained prosthesis in the manufacture of implant-fixed prosthesis and to ensure retrievability in cement retained prostheses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the internal gap on the removal of the prosthesis in the preparation of cement-retained implant prostheses with lingual slots. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium abutment and internal gap of the zirconia prosthesis to be attached to the upper part were set to 30, 35, and 50 µm, respectively. Three for each type total 15 were produced for each type. The zirconia prosthesis formed a retrievable cement-type slot with a space of 1 mm at the location where the titanium abutment meets the shelf area. Autocatalytic resin cement was used for bonding of abutment and zirconia prosthesis, and the maximum removal stress value was measured in units of Ncm by using the customized equipment of the cemented specimen. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the three groups by statistical analysis (α = .05), modified by post hoc test the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Bonferroni correction method were used to compare the two methods (α = .017). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in removal stress between the 30 µm group and the 35 µm group in the internal gap (P = .032), and there was a significant difference between the 30 µm group and the 50 µm group, between the 35 µm group and the 50 µm group (P < .017). CONCLUSION: Thus, the internal gap of computer-aided design affected the retention between the zirconia prosthesis and the titanium abutment.
Sujets)
Conception assistée par ordinateur , Méthodes , Prothèses et implants , Céments résine , TitaneRésumé
Objective Objective To analyze the torque performance of lingual brackets with slots in different directions and the influence pattern of arch wires with different sizes and materials on torque of these lingual brackets.Methods The finite element models of the anterior maxilla lingual brackets with vertical and horizontal slot were constructed,using 3 kinds of materials (stainless steel,beta-titanium,nickel-titanium) and two sizes of arch wires (0.43 mm x 0.56 mm,0.41 mm x 0.56 mm),so as to compare and analyze their mechanical properties after the application of torque load on the left upper central incisors with a rotation angle of ±20°.Results With the increase in elastic modulus of the arch wire,torque moments of lingual brackets with horizontal and vertical slot both increased gradually.Torque performance of lingual brackets was affected more by the sizes and materials of arch wires than the directions of slots.The lingual bracket with vertical slot produced 1-2 times of torque force than that with horizontal slot under the same degree of torque angle.The effect of arch wire sizes was smaller than that of arch wire materials,while the synergistic change in sizes and materials of arch wires had the largest influence on torque performance of lingual brackets.Conclusions The torque performance of lingual bracket will be influenced with its different slot directions,the sizes and materials of arch wires.In clinical application,slot directions of lingual brackets as well as sizes and materials of arch wires should be adjusted properly according to the required torque force.
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Objective Objective To analyze the torque performance of lingual brackets with slots in different directions and the influence pattern of arch wires with different sizes and materials on torque of these lingual brackets.Methods The finite element models of the anterior maxilla lingual brackets with vertical and horizontal slot were constructed,using 3 kinds of materials (stainless steel,beta-titanium,nickel-titanium) and two sizes of arch wires (0.43 mm x 0.56 mm,0.41 mm x 0.56 mm),so as to compare and analyze their mechanical properties after the application of torque load on the left upper central incisors with a rotation angle of ±20°.Results With the increase in elastic modulus of the arch wire,torque moments of lingual brackets with horizontal and vertical slot both increased gradually.Torque performance of lingual brackets was affected more by the sizes and materials of arch wires than the directions of slots.The lingual bracket with vertical slot produced 1-2 times of torque force than that with horizontal slot under the same degree of torque angle.The effect of arch wire sizes was smaller than that of arch wire materials,while the synergistic change in sizes and materials of arch wires had the largest influence on torque performance of lingual brackets.Conclusions The torque performance of lingual bracket will be influenced with its different slot directions,the sizes and materials of arch wires.In clinical application,slot directions of lingual brackets as well as sizes and materials of arch wires should be adjusted properly according to the required torque force.
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Objective Objective To analyze the torque performance of lingual brackets with slots in different directions and the influence pattern of arch wires with different sizes and materials on torque of these lingual brackets.Methods The finite element models of the anterior maxilla lingual brackets with vertical and horizontal slot were constructed,using 3 kinds of materials (stainless steel,beta-titanium,nickel-titanium) and two sizes of arch wires (0.43 mm x 0.56 mm,0.41 mm x 0.56 mm),so as to compare and analyze their mechanical properties after the application of torque load on the left upper central incisors with a rotation angle of ±20°.Results With the increase in elastic modulus of the arch wire,torque moments of lingual brackets with horizontal and vertical slot both increased gradually.Torque performance of lingual brackets was affected more by the sizes and materials of arch wires than the directions of slots.The lingual bracket with vertical slot produced 1-2 times of torque force than that with horizontal slot under the same degree of torque angle.The effect of arch wire sizes was smaller than that of arch wire materials,while the synergistic change in sizes and materials of arch wires had the largest influence on torque performance of lingual brackets.Conclusions The torque performance of lingual bracket will be influenced with its different slot directions,the sizes and materials of arch wires.In clinical application,slot directions of lingual brackets as well as sizes and materials of arch wires should be adjusted properly according to the required torque force.
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Objective To analyze the torque performance of lingual brackets with slots in different directions and the influence pattern of arch wires with different sizes and materials on torque of these lingual brackets. Methods The finite element models of the anterior maxilla lingual brackets with vertical and horizontal slot were constructed, including three kinds of materials (stainless steel, beta-titanium, nickel-titanium) and two sizes of arch wires (0.43 mm×0.56 mm, 0.41 mm×0.56 mm), so as to compare and analyze their mechanical properties after the application of torque load on the left upper central incisors with a rotation angle of ±20°. Results With the increase in elastic modulus of the arch wire, torque moments of lingual brackets with horizontal and vertical slot both increased gradually. Torque performance of lingual brackets was affected more by the sizes and materials of arch wires than the directions of slots. The lingual bracket with vertical slot produced 1-2 times of torque force than that with horizontal slot under the same degree of torque angle. The effect of arch wire sizes was smaller than that of arch wire materials, while the synergistic change in sizes and materials of arch wires had the largest influence on torque performance of lingual brackets. Conclusion The lingual brackets with different slot directions, sizes and materials of arch wires will influence the torque performance of lingual brackets. In clinical application, slot directions of lingual brackets as well as sizes and materials of arch wires should be adjusted properly according to the required torque force.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate how bracket slot size affects the direction of maxillary anterior tooth movement when en-masse retraction is performed in sliding mechanics using an induction-heating typodont simulation system. METHODS: An induction-heating typodont simulation system was designed based on the Calorific Machine system. The typodont included metal anterior and resin posterior teeth embedded in a sticky wax arch. Three bracket slot groups (0.018, 0.020, and 0.022 inch [in]) were tested. A retraction force of 250 g was applied in the posterior-superior direction. RESULTS: In the anteroposterior direction, the cusp tip of the canine in the 0.020-in slot group moved more distally than in the 0.018-in slot group. In the vertical direction, all six anterior teeth were intruded in the 0.018-in slot group and extruded in the 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups. The lateral incisor was significantly extruded in the 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups. Significant differences in the crown linguoversion were found between the 0.018- and 0.020-in slot groups and 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the central incisor and between the 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups and 0.020- and 0.022-in slot groups for the canine. In the 0.018-in slot group, all anterior teeth showed crown mesial angulation. Significant differences were found between the 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the lateral incisor and between the 0.018- and 0.020-in slot groups and 0.018- and 0.022-in slot groups for the canine. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 0.018-in slot brackets was effective for preventing extrusion and crown linguoversion of anterior teeth in sliding mechanics.
Sujets)
Couronnes , Incisive , Mécanique , Mouvement dentaire , DentRésumé
The first Edgewise brackets were utilized with gold wire and the slot designed with 0.022" high to present sufficient rigidity. When gold was replaced by stainless steel, cheaper and stiffer, it was proposed to reduce the slot size to 0.018". The two different sizes of brackets are used in contemporary orthodontics and many clinical orthodontists are unaware of the advantages they may have. The aim of this paper is to present, based on the orthodontic literature, the main characteristics influenced by the brackets slot size and compile data to drive orthodontists in choosing the bracket that best meets their clinical needs.
Os primeiros braquetes Edgewise eram utilizados com fios de ouro e concebidos com o slot de 0,022" de altura, para que apresentassem rigidez suficiente. Com a substituição do ouro pelo aço inoxidável, mais barato e mais rígido, foi proposta a redução do slot para 0,018". As duas diferentes dimensões de braquetes são utilizadas na Ortodontia contemporânea e muitos ortodontistas clínicos desconhecem suas vantagens. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar, baseando-se na literatura ortodôntica, as principais características influenciadas pelo tamanho do slot dos braquetes e compilar os dados para direcionar o ortodontista na escolha do braquete que melhor atenda às suas necessidades clínicas.
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Brackets orthodontiques , Orthodontie/instrumentation , Moment de torsionRésumé
Fish passages are considered the oldest management tool used to minimize the impact of blocking fish migratory routes by hydroelectric power plants. However, fish passages are being installed without specific criteria in Brazil, with severe consequences to the conservation of the local fish fauna. Therefore, basic data gathered for fish passages already constructed could contribute to define operational rules, in addition to offer subsidies to decision-making and design of future facilities. Thus, the fish ladder of Baguari Dam was evaluated regarding temporal distribution, attraction, and ascension of the local fish fauna. A total of 20 fish samples were conducted immediately downstream of the dam and inside the fish ladder, from January 2010 to June 2011. Seasonal variation in fish abundance and richness was registered below the dam and inside the passage, with higher number of migratory fish in the reproductive season (Kruskall-Wallis, p = 0.04 and p = 0.05). Furthermore, higher concentration of migratory allochthonous and non-migratory species was registered for the spill bay (Wilcoxon, p = 0.009 and p = 0.006) compared to the tailrace, where the fish ladder entrance is located. This result suggests low efficiency of the attraction system of the mechanism during the reproductive period. Once entering the fish ladder, migratory species apparently ascend the facility due to the similar distribution throughout different stretches. Generally, the results showed that an operational rule for the Baguari Dam fish ladder should consider running the facility only during the reproductive period, unless the objectives of the passage are well defined. The attraction system must be more precisely evaluated, using technologies such as radiotelemetry. Similarly, fish ascension also should be better analyzed to evaluate the time spent to ascend and its influence in the reproductive biology of the species using the ladder. Pit-tag system could be used to approach this analysis. It is expected that the discussion of these results would be useful for companies of the energy sector and for environmental agencies in Brazil, subsidizing decisions related to the management of fish passages already installed and to the construction of new facilities in the country.
As passagens ou sistemas de transposição de peixes são uma das ferramentas de manejo mais antigas utilizadas para minimizar o impacto do bloqueio de rota migratória de peixes pela implantação de barragens. Todavia, sua implantação tem sido realizada sem muito critério no Brasil, trazendo consequências muitas vezes graves à conservação da ictiofauna local. Por essa razão, dados básicos obtidos para as passagens de peixes em funcionamento podem contribuir para definição de sua regra operativa, além de subsidiar tomada de decisões e o design de futuros sistemas. Assim, a escada de peixes da UHE Baguari foi avaliada quanto à distribuição temporal, atração e subida da ictiofauna local. Foram realizadas 20 amostragens a jusante da barragem e no interior da escada de peixes entre janeiro de 2010 a junho de 2011. Observou-se variação sazonal na distribuição e riqueza de espécies de peixes a jusante da barragem e dentro da escada, sendo que as espécies migradoras foram registradas em maior abundância durante o período reprodutivo (Kruskall-Wallis, p = 0,04 e p = 0,05). Além disso, nesse mesmo período, maior concentração das espécies migradoras alóctones e não migradoras foi registrada para a bacia de dissipação da barragem (Wilcoxon, p = 0,009 e p = 0,006) quando comparado ao canal de fuga, local onde se encontra a entrada da escada. Isso sugere que a eficiência do sistema de atração do mecanismo não seja a esperada nesse período. Uma vez dentro da escada, aparentemente as espécies migradoras percorrem todo o mecanismo, distribuindo-se de forma similar ao longo de sua extensão. Em geral, os resultados obtidos demonstram que, aparentemente, a regra operativa da escada deva indicar seu funcionamento apenas no período reprodutivo, ao menos até que os objetivos da transposição de peixes na UHE Baguari sejam de fato definidos. Já o sistema de atração da escada deverá ser avaliado de forma mais precisa, utilizando-se tecnologias como radiotelemetria. Da mesma forma, a subida dos peixes pela escada deve ser melhor analisada para se avaliar o tempo gasto e a influência desse período sobre a biologia reprodutiva dos peixes. O sistema de Pit-tag pode ser utilizado para realizar essa análise. Espera-se que a discussão das informações obtidas no presente trabalho possa ser utilizada pelas empresas do setor elétrico e órgãos ambientais para subsidiar decisões relacionadas ao manejo de sistemas de transposição de peixes já em funcionamento e à construção de novos empreendimentos.
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Animaux , Migration animale , Poissons/croissance et développement , Barrages/effets indésirables , ReproductionRésumé
The barriers created by dams can cause negative impacts to aquatic communities, and migratory fish species are directly affected. Fishways have been developed to allow the upstream passage of fishes through dams. In Brazil, after the implementation of environmental laws, these structures have been built based on European and American fishway designs. Studies have shown selectivity for different neotropical fishes in some Brazilian fishways, and the main challenge has been to promote upstream passage of a large number of diverse fish species. The patterns of flow circulation within the fish ladder may explain fish selectivity although few studies detail the fish response to hydraulic characteristics of fish ladder flow. This paper presents a laboratory study, where a vertical slot fishway was built in a hydraulic flume and the behavior of two neotropical fish species (Leporinus reinhardti and Pimelodus maculatus) were analyzed. The structure of flow was expressed in terms of mean velocity, Reynolds shear-stress and velocity fluctuation fields. The individuals of Leporinus reinhardti had higher passage success than Pimelodus maculatus in the laboratory flume. Both species preferred areas of low to zero Reynolds shear-stress values. In addition, different preferences were observed for these species concerning the horizontal components of velocity fluctuation.
Interrupções em rios, como as causadas por barragens, provocam impactos negativos sobre as comunidades aquáticas e as espécies migratórias de peixes são diretamente afetadas. A fim de permitir a passagem de peixes, mecanismos de transposição são construídos junto a barramentos. No Brasil, após a implantação de leis ambientais, estas estruturas passaram a ser amplamente construídas e foram baseadas em projetos desenvolvidos na Europa e na América do Norte. Análises de mecanismos já construídos têm mostrado grande seletividade para espécies neotropicais e as demandas da diversa fauna de peixes neotropical são apresentadas como principal desafio ao projeto de passagens para peixes. Os padrões de escoamento dentro de escadas para peixes podem explicar a seletividade destes mecanismos, mas poucos estudos detalham a resposta dos peixes às características hidráulicas encontradas dentro das escadas. Este estudo apresenta uma análise realizada em um laboratório onde foi construída uma escada do tipo ranhura vertical e analisados os comportamentos de duas espécies neotropicais (Leporinus reinhardti e Pimelodus maculatus). O escoamento foi estudado considerando os campos de velocidade média, tensão cisalhante de Reynolds e flutuações de velocidades. Os indivíduos da espécie Leporinus reinhardti apresentaram maior sucesso de passagem do que os da espécie Pimelodus maculatus. Ambas as espécies preferiram áreas de tensão de Reynolds igual a zero. Além disso, diferentes preferências foram observadas para cada espécie em relação às componentes horizontais da flutuação da velocidade.
Sujets)
Animaux , Characiformes/croissance et développement , Phénomènes écologiques et environnementaux , Migration animale/physiologie , Poissons-chats/croissance et développement , Industrie de la construction , BarragesRésumé
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar cães com doença do disco intervertebral (DDIV) cervical atendidos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU) da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) entre janeiro de 2003 e outubro de 2008 e obter informações a respeito de raça, sexo, idade, sinais neurológicos, resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico, complicações, tempo de recuperação funcional após a cirurgia e ocorrência de recidiva. Hiperestesia cervical foi observada em todos os cães (n=28). Quanto ao grau de disfunção neurológica foram verificados: grau I (8/28[28,5 por cento]), grau II (3/28 [10,7 por cento]), grau III (5/28[17,8 por cento]) e grau V (12/2 [42,8 por cento]). A duração dos sinais neurológicos antes da cirurgia em sete cães (25 por cento) permaneceu por até 15 dias, em 14 cães (50 por cento) entre 15 e 30 dias e nos outros sete cães (25 por cento) por mais de 30 dias. A recuperação satisfatória e sem recidiva foi observada em todos os cães submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico e que sobreviveram (n=21). Pode-se concluir que a DDIV cervical em nossa rotina acomete principalmente cães adultos, machos, de raças condrodistróficas e não condrodistróficas, incluindo as de grande porte; a hiperestesia cervical é a principal manifestação clínica; a técnica de fenda ventral promove recuperação funcional satisfatória e sem recidiva; as principais complicações trans-operatórias são a hemorragia do plexo venoso, a bradicardia e a hipotensão; e a duração dos sinais clínicos não interfere no tempo de recuperação pós-operatória dos cães.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical records of dogs with cervical intervertebral disk disease (IDD), submitted to surgical treatment at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM), between January 2003 and October 2008. The animal data included breed, sex, age, neurological signs and their durations, response to surgical treatment, complications, time for functional recovery after surgery, and recurrence. All dogs showed cervical hyperaesthesia confirmed by the neck movement test. Regarding the degree of neurological dysfunction, the following were verified: degree I (eight dogs, 28.5 percent), degree II (three dogs, 10.7 percent), degree III (five dogs, 17.8 percent), and degree V (twelve dogs, 42.8 percent). In relation to the duration of neurological signs prior to surgery, seven dogs (25 percent) showed neurological deficits for up to 15 days, fourteen dogs (50 percent) for 15 to 30 days and the other seven dogs (25 percent) showed signs of neurological deficiencies for more than 30 days. All dogs (n=21) showed satisfactory recovery and no recurrence. It can be concluded that most affected dogs are middle aged, males and condrodystrophic and noncondrodystrophic breeds including large-breed dogs and the main neurological sign is cervical hyperaesthesia. The surgical treatment promotes satisfactory functional recovery and no recurrence, the main complications intraoperative are venous plexus hemorrhage, bradycardia and hypotension and the duration of clinical signs prior to surgery do not interfere with the recovery time of the dogs.
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Animaux , Mâle , Femelle , Chiens , Chiens/chirurgie , Disque intervertébral/chirurgie , Disque intervertébral/physiopathologie , Troubles neurologiques de la marche/chirurgie , Troubles neurologiques de la marche/rééducation et réadaptation , Troubles neurologiques de la marche/médecine vétérinaire , Anesthésie générale/méthodes , Anesthésie générale/médecine vétérinaire , Myélographie/méthodes , Myélographie/médecine vétérinaire , Radiographie/méthodes , Radiographie/médecine vétérinaireRésumé
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to measure the surface roughness at the slot floor of various ceramic brackets. METHODS: One kind of stainless steel bracket (Succes(R)), two kinds of monocrystalline brackets (Inspire Ice(R), Perfect(R)) and two kinds of polycrystalline brackets (Crystalline V(R), Invu(R)) were examined. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the surface roughness of each bracket. Data acquisition and processing were performed using SPIP(TM). RESULTS: The differences in values of Sa, Sq, and Sz in Invu(R) and Inspire Ice(R) were not statistically different from the control group Succes(R). The values of Sa, Sq, and Sz of Perfect(R) and Crystalline V(R) were greater than those of Succes(R). Differences of all the Sa, Sq, and Sz values between Perfect(R) and Crystalline V(R) were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the slot surfaces of Succes(R), Inspire Ice(R), and Invu(R) were smooth compared to those of Crystalline V(R) and Perfect(R).
Sujets)
Céramiques , Cristallines , Sols et revêtements , Microscopie à force atomique , Acier inoxydableRésumé
PURPOSE: This study proposes the keyhole method in order to improve the time resolution of the proton resonance frequency(PRF) MR temperature monitoring technique. The values of Root Mean Square (RMS) error of measured temperature value and Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) obtained from the keyhole and full phase encoded temperature images were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PRF method combined with GRE sequence was used to get MR temperature images using a clinical 1.5T MR scanner. It was conducted on the tissue-mimic 2% agarose gel phantom and swine's hock tissue. A MR compatible coaxial slot antenna driven by microwave power generator at 2.45GHz was used to heat the object in the magnetic bore for 5 minutes followed by a sequential acquisition of MR raw data during 10 minutes of cooling period. The acquired raw data were transferred to PC after then the keyhole images were reconstructed by taking the central part of K-space data with 128, 64, 32 and 16 phase encoding lines while the remaining peripheral parts were taken from the 1st reference raw data. The RMS errors were compared with the 256 full encoded self-reference temperature image while the SNR values were compared with the zero filling images. RESULTS: As phase encoding number at the center part on the keyhole temperature images decreased to 128, 64, 32 and 16, the RMS errors of the measured temperature increased to 0.538, 0.712, 0.768 and 0.845degrees C, meanwhile SNR values were maintained as the phase encoding number of keyhole part is reduced. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the keyhole technique is successfully applied to temperature monitoring procedure to increases the temporal resolution by standardizing the matrix size, thus maintained the SNR values. In future, it is expected to implement the MR real time thermal imaging using keyhole method which is able to reduce the scan time with minimal thermal variations.
Sujets)
Température élevée , Magnétisme , Aimants , Micro-ondes , Protons , Agarose , Tarse (articulation de l'animal) , ThermographieRésumé
OBJECTIVE: To compare the slot-scan digital radiography (SSDR) of the lower extremity region and the computed radiography (CR) method with respect to the image quality and radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 54 patients who underwent both the SSDR and CR of the lower extremities. The study evaluated and statistically compared the image quality of four features (outer cortex, inner cortex, trabeculae and intermuscular fat) at six different levels (pelvis, hip, femur, knee, tibia and ankle) between each method. The image quality was evaluated using a visibility scale, and the entrance skin dose was measured using a dosimeter at three different levels of a phantom (hip, knee, and ankle). RESULTS: The mean image visibility scale values for the SSDR method were significantly higher than for the CR method. The entrance skin dose for the SSDR method was 278 micro Gy at each level, compared to the entrance skin doses of the CR method, which were 3,410 micro Gy for the hip, 1,152 micro Gy for the knee, and 580 microGy for the ankle. CONCLUSION: Both the image quality and patient entrance skin dose data suggest that the SSDR method is superior to the CR method for the lower extremity musculoskeletal examination.
Sujets)
Adolescent , Adulte , Sujet âgé , Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Jeune adulte , Membre inférieur/imagerie diagnostique , Dose de rayonnement , Amélioration d'image radiographique/méthodes , Tomodensitométrie/méthodesRésumé
OBJETIVO: avaliar a composição química e rugosidade do fundo do slot de 90 braquetes metálicos divididos em 9 grupos: grupo 1- aço inoxidável (Equilibrium 2 - Dentaurum); grupo 2 - titânio (Equilibrium ti - Dentaurum); grupo 3- cromo-cobalto (Topic- Dentaurum); grupo 4 - aço inoxidável (Standard -TP Orthodontics); grupo 5 - aço inoxidável (Serie light - American Orthodontics); grupo 6 - aço inoxidável (Kirium Line - Abzil Lancer); grupo 7 - aço inoxidável livre de níquel (Monobloc - Morelli); grupo 8 - aço inoxidável (Convencional- Morelli) e grupo 9 - aço inoxidável livre de níquel (Monobloc Golden - Morelli). METODOLOGIA: a composição química foi analisada pela Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva. A avaliação qualitativa do fundo do slot foi realizada através do MEV classificada de 0 a 8, correspondente às características da superfície. RESULTADOS: composição química - grupo 1 = titânio puro; grupo 9 = recoberto por nitreto de titânio em 99,48 por cento; grupo 3 = cromo-cobalto; grupo 8 = aço inoxidável livre de níquel. Os demais grupos são compostos de aço inoxidável. Avaliação da superfície - grupo 1 = valor 2 (superfície mais polida); grupos 2, 5 e 7 = valor 3 (aspecto de polimento); grupos 3, 8 e 9 = valor 6 (menor polimento); grupo 4 = valor 6,5 (maior rugosidade) e o grupo 6 = valor 5 (características intermediárias de polimento). CONCLUSÕES: os braquetes metálicos são compostos de diferentes ligas e estão disponíveis com baixo conteúdo ou ausência de níquel. Os braquetes de titânio apresentaram polimento semelhante aos de aço inoxidável, porém os recobertos por nitreto de titânio e os de cromo-cobalto mostraram superfície mais irregular ou menos polida.
AIM: To evaluate the elemental composition and the slot roughness of 90 metallic brackets divided into 9 groups: group 1 - stainless steel (Equilibrium 2 - Dentaurum); group 2 - titanium (Equilibrium ti - Dentaurum); group 3 - chromium-cobalt (Topic - Dentaurum); group 4 - stainless steel (Standard - TP Orthodontics); group 5 - stainless steel (Serie light - American Orthodontics); group 6 - stainless steel (Kirium Line - Abzil Lancer); group 7 - stainless steel (Monobloc - Morelli); group 8 - stainless steel (Standard - Morelli) and group 9 - stainless steel (Monobloc Golden - Morelli). METHODS: Elemental composition was evaluated using the Spectroscopy of Dispersive Energy. The qualitative slot surface evaluation was assessed using a 500X scanning electron microscope. The microphotography was classified according to surface characteristics in 0-8 values. RESULTS: Elemental composition - group 1 = 100 percent titanium alloy; group 9 = 99,48 percent of titanium nitride coated. Group 3 = cobalt-chromium alloy; Group 8 = nickel free stainless steel alloy; other groups stainless steel alloy. Surface evaluation - Group 1 = value 2 (smoothest surface); Groups 2, 5 and 7 =value 3 (smooth surface); Groups 3, 8 and 9 showed value 6 (roughness surface); Group 4 = value 6,5 (the most roughness and irregular surface); and Group 6 has intermediate characteristics among the groups, with value 5. CONCLUSIONS: Metallic brackets were composed of different alloys and they were available with a small percentage or no nickel. The surface roughness was similar for both titanium and stainless steel, however the titanium nitride coated and cobalt-chromium showed an irregular and rough surface.
Sujets)
Orthèses de maintien , Test de matériaux , Fils orthodontiquesRésumé
Se comparan las distorsiones cognitivas referidas al azar en jugadores patológicos,antes del tratamiento, versus un grupo de no jugadores o jugadores sin problema.La muestra está compuesta por 160 varones, 80 jugadores patológicos (DSM-IVTR;A.P.A. ), cuya actividad principal de juego eran las máquinas recreativas, y 80varones sin problemas de juego. El objetivo es constatar si los sesgos cognitivos,respecto al juego, difieren en frecuencia e intensidad entre ambas muestras.Se evaluaron los sesgos cognitivos mediante: (a) observación sistemática enlaboratorio (método de pensar en voz alta durante el juego) y (b) autoinforme(escalas Likert de estimación de probabilidades de ganar y atribución de losresultados). Existen diferencias significativas entre los jugadores patológicosy los no jugadores en las medidas más relevantes: (a) porcentaje de frasesirracionales (30.31% versus. 8.28%); (b) tasa de irracionalidad en frases sobreestrategias (97 por ciento versus 82 por ciento), (c) estimación de posibilidades de ganar (38.46 por cientovs. 26.92 por ciento), y (d) el porcentaje de los resultados atribuido a la suerte (44.30 por cientovs. 19.74 por ciento). Los elevados valores de distorsiones cognitivas en los jugadoresparecen un factor etiológico destacado en el desarrollo de las conductas de juegopatológico. En consecuencia, al menos una parte del tratamiento debe dirigirse amodificar estas distorsiones.
Cognitive distortions presented in pathological gamblers before treatment, andthose of a group of non-players or players with no problems, are compared. Theparticipants are 160 men, 80 pathological gamblers according to DSM-IV-TRcriteria, whose main gambling activity was slot machines; and 80 men with nogambling problems. The objective is to establish whether there is a difference ingambling-related cognitive distortions between the two samples. The cognitivedistortions were evaluated by: (a) systematic observation in laboratory (thethinking aloud method while playing) and (b) self-statements (two Likertscales for the estimation of the probabilities of winning and the attribution ofthe results). Significant differences between the pathological gamblers and thenon problem gamblers, in the main related to gambling measures, are presented:(a) percentage of irrational phrases (30,31 per cent versus. 8.28 per cent); (b) percentage ofirrationality in phrases on gambling strategies (97 per cent versus 82 per cent), (c) estimationof winning possibilities (38,46 per cent versus. 26,92 per cent) and (d) the percentage of theresults attributed to luck (44,30 per cent versus. 19.74 per cent). The high score of cognitivedistortions in the players seems to be a strong etiological factor in the conductdevelopment of pathological gambling, consequently, at least a part of thetreatment should be focused on modifying these distortions.
Se analisam as distorções cognitivas referidas ao acaso em jogadores patológicos,antes do tratamento, versus um grupo de não-jogadores ou jogadores sem problema.A mostra está composta por 160 varões, 80 jogadores patológicos (DSM-IVTR),cuja atividade principal de jogo eram as máquinas recreativas e 80 varõessem problemas de jogo. O objetivo é constatar se os sesgos cognitivos respeito aojogo diferem em freqüência e intensidade entre ambas amostras. Se avaliaram ossesgos cognitivos mediante: (a) observação sistemática em laboratório (método depensar em voz alta durante o jogo) e (b) autoinforme (escala Likert de estimativade probabilidades de ganhar e atribuição dos resultados). Existem diferençassignificativas entre os jogadores patológicos e os não jogadores nas medidasmais relevantes: (a) porcentagem de frases irracionais (30.31 por cento versus. 8.28 por cento);(b) taxa de irracionalidade em frases sobre estratégias (97 por cento versus 82 por cento), (c)estimativa de possibilidades de ganhar (38.46 por cento vs. 26.92 por cento) e (d) a porcentagemdos resultados atribuído à sorte (44.30 por cento vs. 19.74 por cento). Os elevados valores dedistorções cognitivas nos jogadores parecem um fator etiológico destacado no desenvolvimento das condutas de jogo patológico. Em conseqüência, pelo menosuma parte do tratamento deve dirigirse a modificar estas distorções.