RÉSUMÉ
Las redes sociales, al influir en las interacciones diarias y en la gestión de la información, emergen como un factor determinante en la estabilidad psíquica y afectiva de los individuos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la adicción a las redes sociales en la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina humana en una universidad peruana. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal y analítico en el que colaboraron 172 educandos, 82 féminas y 90 varones. Se aplicó el cuestionario Adición a las Redes Sociales diseñado por Escurra y Salas el cual constó de 24 preguntas evaluadas mediante escala de Likert, el mismo fue validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.94. Además, se utilizó el Cuestionario DASS-21 el cual consta de 21 ítems, subdividido en 3 subescalas: depresión, ansiedad y estrés y ha sido validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.96. Resultados: 46.3% de los educandos presentó adicción en nivel medio y alto a las redes sociales. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la ansiedad, el estrés y la adicción a las redes sociales, aunque no se encontró una conexión relevante entre esta última y la depresión. Conclusión: La adicción a las redes sociales impacta negativamente en la salud mental de los educandos, generando niveles elevados de ansiedad y estrés
Social networks, by influencing daily interactions and information management, emerge as a determining factor in the psychic and affective stability of individuals. Objective: To determine the relationship of social media addiction in the mental health of human medicine students at a Peruvian university. Material and methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional and analytical study in which 172 students, 82 females and 90 males, collaborated. The questionnaire Addition to Social Networks designed by Escurra and Salas was applied which consisted of 24 questions evaluated by Likert scale, it was validated with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.94. In addition, the DASS-21 Questionnaire was used, which consists of 21 items, subdivided into 3 subscales: depression, anxiety and stress and has been validated with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.96. Results: 46.3% of the students presented addiction at medium and high level to social networks. A significant correlation was found between anxiety, stress and social media addiction, although no relevant connection was found between the latter and depression. Conclusion: Addiction to social networks negatively impacts on the mental health of students, generating high levels of anxiety and stress
As redes sociais, influenciando as interações diárias e a gestão da informação, emergem como um fator determinante na estabilidade psíquica e afetiva dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Determinar a relação do vício em redes sociais na saúde mental de estudantes de medicina humana em uma Universidade peruana. Material e métodos: estudo quantitativo, correlacional, transversal e analítico no qual colaboraram 172 educandos, 82 mulheres e 90 homens. Aplicou-se o questionário adenda às Redes sociais desenhado por escorra e Salas o qual consistiu de 24 perguntas avaliadas mediante escala de Likert, o mesmo foi validado com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,94. Além disso, utilizou-se o questionário DASS-21 que consta de 21 itens, subdividido em 3 subescalas: depressão, ansiedade e estresse e foi validado com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,96. Resultados: 46,3% dos educandos apresentaram dependência em nível médio e alto às redes sociais. Foi encontrada uma correlação significativa entre a ansiedade, o estresse e o vício em redes sociais, embora não tenha sido encontrada uma conexão relevante entre esta última e a depressão. Conclusão: o vício em redes sociais impacta negativamente na saúde mental dos educandos, gerando níveis elevados de ansiedade e estresse
Sujet(s)
Mâle , Femelle , Santé mentale , Dépendance à InternetRÉSUMÉ
Las redes sociales, al influir en las interacciones diarias y en la gestión de la información, emergen como un factor determinante en la estabilidad psíquica y afectiva de los individuos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la adicción a las redes sociales en la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina humana en una universidad peruana. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal y analítico en el que colaboraron 172 educandos, 82 féminas y 90 varones. Se aplicó el cuestionario Adición a las Redes Sociales diseñado por Escurra y Salas el cual constó de 24 preguntas evaluadas mediante escala de Likert, el mismo fue validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.94. Además, se utilizó el Cuestionario DASS-21 el cual consta de 21 ítems, subdividido en 3 subescalas: depresión, ansiedad y estrés y ha sido validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.96. Resultados: 46.3% de los educandos presentó adicción en nivel medio y alto a las redes sociales. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la ansiedad, el estrés y la adicción a las redes sociales, aunque no se encontró una conexión relevante entre esta última y la depresión. Conclusión: La adicción a las redes sociales impacta negativamente en la salud mental de los educandos, generando niveles elevados de ansiedad y estrés.
Social networks, by influencing daily interactions and information management, emerge as a determining factor in the psychic and affective stability of individuals. Objective: To determine the relationship of social media addiction in the mental health of human medicine students at a Peruvian university. Material and methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional and analytical study in which 172 students, 82 females and 90 males, collaborated. The questionnaire Addition to Social Networks designed by Escurra and Salas was applied which consisted of 24 questions evaluated by Likert scale, it was validated with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.94. In addition, the DASS-21 Questionnaire was used, which consists of 21 items, subdivided into 3 subscales: depression, anxiety and stress and has been validated with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.96. Results: 46.3% of the students presented addiction at medium and high level to social networks. A significant correlation was found between anxiety, stress and social media addiction, although no relevant connection was found between the latter and depression. Conclusion: Addiction to social networks negatively impacts on the mental health of students, generating high levels of anxiety and stress.
As redes sociais, influenciando as interações diárias e a gestão da informação, emergem como um fator determinante na estabilidade psíquica e afetiva dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Determinar a relação do vício em redes sociais na saúde mental de estudantes de medicina humana em uma Universidade peruana. Material e métodos: estudo quantitativo, correlacional, transversal e analítico no qual colaboraram 172 educandos, 82 mulheres e 90 homens. Aplicou-se o questionário adenda às Redes sociais desenhado por escorra e Salas o qual consistiu de 24 perguntas avaliadas mediante escala de Likert, o mesmo foi validado com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,94. Além disso, utilizou-se o questionário DASS-21 que consta de 21 itens, subdividido em 3 subescalas: depressão, ansiedade e estresse e foi validado com um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,96. Resultados: 46,3% dos educandos apresentaram dependência em nível médio e alto às redes sociais. Foi encontrada uma correlação significativa entre a ansiedade, o estresse e o vício em redes sociais, embora não tenha sido encontrada uma conexão relevante entre esta última e a depressão. Conclusão: o vício em redes sociais impacta negativamente na saúde mental dos educandos, gerando níveis elevados de ansiedade e estresse.
RÉSUMÉ
Objectives. This work sought to identify the academic communities that have shown interest and participation in the Journal Research and Education in Nursing and analyze the scientific impact generated by said journal. Methods. A bibliometric analysis was carried out, as well as social network analysis and techniques of natural language processing to conduct the research. The data was gathered and analyzed during a specific study period, covering from 2010 - 2020, for articles published in the journal, and 2010 - 2022, for articles that cited the journal within Scopus. These methods permitted performing an exhaustive evaluation of the journal's influence and reach in diverse academic and geographic contexts. Results. During the analysis, it was noted that the journal Research and Education in Nursing has had significant influence in academic and scientific communities, both nationally and internationally. Collaboration networks were detected among diverse institutions and countries, which indicates active interaction in the field of nursing research. In addition, trends and emerging patterns were identified in this field, providing a more complete view of the discipline's evolution. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the journal Research and Education in Nursing has played un fundamental role in disseminating knowledge and promoting research in nursing. The combination of Bibliometric metrics, social network analysis, and natural language processing permitted utmost comprehension of its impact in the scientific and academic community globally.
Objetivos. Identificar las comunidades académicas que han mostrado interés y participación en la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería y analizar el impacto científico generado por esta publicación. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis bibliométrico, así como análisis de redes sociales y técnicas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural para llevar a cabo la investigación. Los datos se recopilaron y analizaron durante un período de estudio específico, abarcando los años 2010-2020, para los artículos publicados en la revista, y 2010-2022, para los artículos que citaron la revista dentro de Scopus. Estos métodos permitieron realizar una evaluación exhaustiva de la influencia y alcance de la revista en diversos contextos académicos y geográficos. Resultados. Durante el análisis, se observó que la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería ha ejercido una influencia significativa en las comunidades académicas y científicas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Se detectaron redes de colaboración entre diversas instituciones y países, lo que indica una interacción activa en el ámbito de la investigación en enfermería. Además, se identificaron tendencias y patrones emergentes en este campo, proporcionando una visión más completa de la evolución de la disciplina. Conclusión. Basándose en los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que la revista Investigación y Educación en Enfermería ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la difusión del conocimiento y la promoción de la investigación en enfermería. La combinación de métricas bibliométricas, análisis de redes sociales y procesamiento de lenguaje natural permitió una comprensión más completa de su impacto en la comunidad científica y académica a nivel global.
Objetivos. Identificar as comunidades acadêmicas que demonstraram interesse e participação na revista Nursing Research and Education e analisar o impacto científico gerado por esta publicação colombiana. Métodos. Foi realizada análise bibliométrica, análise de redes sociais e técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural para a realização da pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados e analisados durante um período específico de estudo, abrangendo os anos 2010-2020, para artigos publicados na revista, e 2010-2022, para artigos que citaram a revista dentro do Scopus. Esses métodos permitiram uma avaliação abrangente da influência e do alcance da revista em diversos contextos acadêmicos e geográficos. Resultados. Durante a análise, observou-se que a revista Nursing Research and Education tem exercido influência significativa nas comunidades acadêmica e científica, tanto nacional quanto internacionalmente. Foram detectadas redes de colaboração entre diversas instituições e países, o que indica interação ativa no campo da pesquisa em enfermagem. Além disso, foram identificadas tendências e padrões emergentes neste campo, proporcionando uma visão mais completa da evolução da disciplina. Conclusão. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a revista Nursing Research and Education tem desempenhado um papel fundamental na divulgação do conhecimento e na promoção da investigação em enfermagem. A combinação de métricas bibliométricas, análise de redes sociais e processamento de linguagem natural permitiu uma compreensão mais completa do seu impacto na comunidade científica e académica global.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Recherche , Éducation , Analyse des réseaux sociaux , Traitement du langage naturelRÉSUMÉ
Este artigo se baseia em uma pesquisa que teve como objetivoapreender os sentidos atribuídos por brasileiros à primeira dose da imunização contra a covid-19. Trata-se de uma análise netnográfica. Os dados foram coletados em 2021 por meio da hashtag VACINAPARATODOS no Instagram. Os métodos utilizados para análise de dados foram: análise de similitude, com auxílio do software IRAMUTEQ e da análise do Discourse of the collective subject (discurso do sujeito coletivo), de Lefevre. Os resultados apontaram como ideias centrais: a emoção positiva e o sentimento de gratidão; a emoção negativa e o sentimento atribuído às vidas perdidas e ao negacionismo; o significado da primeira dose e o sentimento de esperança; a imunização e o exercício da cidadania: ato de consciência, responsabilidade e respeito. Os sentidos atrelados à oportunidade de acesso à vacina mostraram a dualidade de sentimentos que vão desde sensações positivas de reconhecimento e valorização até sentimentos negativos, de revolta e indignação, diante da hesitação vacinal e dos discursos antivacina.
This article bases on a research that aimed to understand the meanings attributed by Brazilians to the first dose of immunization against covid-19. A netnographic analysis was carried out. The data was collected in 2021 using the hashtag VACINAPARATODOS on Instagram. The methods used analyse the data were: similarity analysis, with the aid of the IRAMUTEQ software and of the analysis of Discourse of the collective subject, developed by Lefevre. The results pointed out the following central ideas: positive emotion and a feeling of gratitude; the negative emotion and a feeling attributed to lost lives and to denialism; the meaning of the first dose and the feeling of hope; the immunization and the exercise of citizenship: an act of conscience, responsibility and respect. The meanings linked to the opportunity to access the vaccine showed a duality of feelings ranging from positive feelings of recognition and appreciation to negative feelings of revolt and indignation, in the face of vaccine hesitancy and of the anti-vaccine discourses.
Este artículo se basa en una investigación que tuvo como objetivo comprender los significados atribuidos por los brasileños a la primera dosis de inmunización contra la covid-19. Se realizó un análisis netnográfico. Los datos fueron recogidos en 2021 a través del hashtag VACINAPARATODOS en Instagram. Los métodos utilizados para el análisis de los datos fueron: análisis de similitud, con ayuda del softwareIRAMUTEQ y del análisis del Discourse of collective subject (Discurso del sujeto colectivo), de Lefevre. Los resultados evidenciaron como ideas centrales: la emoción positiva y el sentimiento de gratitud; la emoción negativa y el sentimiento atribuido a las vidas perdidas y al negacionismo; el significado de la primera dosis y el sentimiento de esperanza; la inmunización y el ejercicio de la ciudadanía: un acto de conciencia, responsabilidad y respeto. Los significados vinculados a la oportunidad de acceder a la vacuna mostraron la dualidad de sentimientos que van desde sentimientos positivos de reconocimiento y aprecio hasta sentimientos negativos de revuelta y indignación, frente a las dudas sobre las vacunas y los discursos antivacunas.
Sujet(s)
Immunisation , Vaccins contre la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Infodémie , Analyse de sentiments , Isolement socialRÉSUMÉ
Objective:To explore the core issues in the implementation of"packaged payment"in China's compact county medi-cal community,in order to provide useful references for the innovative reform of medical insurance payment methods in compact coun-ty medical community.Methods:By constructing the problem system through the macro model of the health system,analyzing the re-lated literature using multidimensional scale analysis and social network analysis,and comprehensively evaluating the results using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method,it summarizes the core issues of"packaged payment"in compact county medical community.Results:There are core issues in China's compact county medical community,such as inadequate distribution of benefits and incen-tive and constraint mechanisms within the medical community(Ci= 1.000),lack of effective supervision and assessment mechanism for medical communities(Ci= 0.732),suppressed quality and efficiency of medical services(Ci= 0.652),lagging medical informatiza-tion construction(Ci= 0.595),and incomplete supporting policy measures(Ci= 0.579).Conclusion:The"packaged payment"of com-pact county medical community can be optimized from the following three aspects:a multi-level collaborative incentive mechanism should be improved to ensure the service quality and efficiency;optimize the total amount calculation method and improve the de-tailed supporting measures;accelerate information construction and strengthen supervision and assessment management.
RÉSUMÉ
Resumo: A dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de atenção ao parto está associada à mortalidade infantil e neonatal e à morbimortalidade materna. Neste estudo, dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foram utilizados para mapear a evolução da acessibilidade geográfica ao parto hospitalar de risco habitual no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, correspondentes a 418.243 internações nos biênios 2010-2011 e 2018-2019. Foram estimados os fluxos de deslocamento, as distâncias percorridas e o tempo de deslocamento intermunicipal entre o município de residência e de internação das gestantes. Houve um crescimento de 15,9% para 21,5% na proporção de gestantes que precisaram se deslocar. A distância percorrida aumentou de 24,6 para 26km, e o tempo de deslocamento de 76,4 para 96,1 minutos, com grande variação entre as Regiões de Saúde (RS). As gestantes residentes na RS Centro Sul se deslocaram mais frequentemente (37,4-48,9%), e as residentes nas RS Baía da Ilha Grande e Noroeste percorreram as maiores distâncias (90,9-132,1km) e levaram mais tempo para chegar ao hospital no último biênio (96-137 minutos). A identificação dos municípios que receberam gestantes de muitos outros municípios e daqueles que atenderam maior volume de gestantes (núcleos e polos de atração, respectivamente) refletiu a indisponibilidade e as disparidades no acesso aos serviços. As desigualdades regionais e a redução da acessibilidade alertam para a necessidade de adequar a oferta à demanda e de revisar a distribuição dos serviços de atenção ao parto no Rio de Janeiro. O estudo contribui para as pesquisas e o planejamento sobre o acesso a serviços de saúde materno-infantil, além de servir como referência para outros estados do país.
Abstract: Difficult access to birth care services is associated with infant and neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity and mortality. In this study, data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) were used to map the evolution of geographic accessibility to hospital birth of usual risk in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, corresponding to 418,243 admissions in 2010-2011 and 2018-2019. Travel flows, distances traveled, and intermunicipal travel time between the pregnant women's municipality and hospital location were estimated. An increase from 15.9% to 21.5% was observed in the number of pregnant women who needed to travel. The distance traveled increased from 24.6 to 26km, and the travel time from 76.4 to 96.1 minutes, with high variation between Health Regions (HR). Pregnant women living in HR Central-South traveled more frequently (37.4-48.9%), and those living in the HRs Baía da Ilha Grande and Northwest traveled the largest distances (90.9-132.1km) and took more time to get to the hospital in 2018-2019 (96-137 minutes). The identification of municipalities that received pregnant women from many other municipalities and municipalities that treated a higher number of pregnant women (hubs and attraction poles, respectively) reflected the unavailability and disparities in access to services. Regional inequalities and reduced accessibility highlight the need to adapt supply to demand and review the distribution of birth care services in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study contributes to research and planning on access to maternal and child health services and can be used as a reference study for other states in the country.
Resumen: La dificultad para acceder a los servicios de atención al parto está asociada con la mortalidad infantil y neonatal, y con la morbimortalidad materna. En este estudio, se utilizaron datos del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) para mapear la evolución de la accesibilidad geográfica al parto hospitalario de riesgo habitual en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, correspondiente a 418.243 hospitalizaciones en los bienios 2010-2011 y 2018-2019. Se estimaron los flujos de desplazamiento, las distancias recorridas y el tiempo de desplazamiento intermunicipal entre el municipio de residencia y la hospitalización de las mujeres embarazadas. Hubo un aumento del 15,9% al 21,5% en la proporción de mujeres embarazadas que necesitaron desplazarse. La distancia recorrida aumentó de 24,6 a 26km y el tiempo de desplazamiento de 76,4 a 96,1 minutos, con gran variación entre las Regiones de Salud (RS). Las mujeres embarazadas residentes en la RS Centro Sul se desplazaron con mayor frecuencia (37,4-48,9%), y las residentes en las RS Baía da Ilha Grande y Noroeste recorrieron las mayores distancias (90,9-132,1km) y tardaron más en llegar al hospital en el últimos bienio (96-137 minutos). La identificación de los municipios que recibieron mujeres embarazadas de muchos otros municipios y de aquellos que atendieron a un mayor volumen de mujeres embarazadas (núcleos y polos de atracción, respectivamente) reflejó la indisponibilidad y las disparidades en el acceso a los servicios. Las desigualdades regionales y la reducida accesibilidad alertan sobre la necesidad de adaptar la oferta a la demanda, y de revisar la distribución de los servicios de atención al parto en el estado de Rio de Janeiro. El estudio contribuye a las investigaciones y a la planificación sobre el acceso a los servicios de salud materno-infantil, y puede servir como referencia para otros estados del país.
RÉSUMÉ
Resumo O artigo objetiva identificar infrações à NBCAL e analisar o conteúdo das mensagens postadas na rede social Instagram. Estudo de abordagem quali-quantitativa, com amostra de conveniência composta por perfis identificados por meio de termos específicos, precedidos do símbolo hashtag (#). A coleta de dados foi realizada durante dois meses por pesquisadores treinados, por meio de questionário estruturado. Calculou-se a frequência de promoção de produtos que caracterizava violação à NBCAL, segundo categoria e fabricante. As mensagens foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Foram identificadas 64 contas pessoais de mulheres mães com infrações em 89 produtos, a maioria alimentos (n = 72), sendo os compostos lácteos (54,2%) e as fórmulas infantis para lactentes (45,8%) os mais divulgados. Duas categorias temáticas emergiram dos textos postados, uma relativa à qualidade dos produtos e a outra sobre a dificuldade com a amamentação, especialmente a baixa produção de leite. O estudo identificou violações à NBCAL na rede social Instagram, alertando para a necessidade do reconhecimento do marketing digital para incluí-lo nas regras impostas pela norma no contexto virtual, considerando a capilaridade das redes sociais na divulgação de informações para o público em questão.
Abstract The article aims to identify NBCAL violations and analyze the content of messages posted on the Instagram social network. This qualitative-quantitative study consisted of a convenience sample of profiles identified through specific terms preceded by the hashtag symbol (#). Data were collected for two months by trained researchers using a structured questionnaire. We calculated the product promotion frequency that characterized violation of the NBCAL per category and manufacturer. The messages were analyzed using the content analysis technique. We identified 64 personal accounts of mothers with violations in 89 products, mainly food (n = 72), dairy compounds (54.2%), and infant formulas (45.8%) were the most publicized. Two thematic categories emerged from the posted texts, one related to the quality of the products and the other about breastfeeding difficulty, especially low milk production. The study identified NBCAL violations on the Instagram social network, alerting the need to recognize digital marketing to include it in the rules imposed by the Norm in the virtual context, considering the capillarity of social networks in disseminating information to the public in question.
RÉSUMÉ
Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever as experiências de comunicação sobre saúde, desenvolvidas com comunidades quilombolas na Amazônia, através de mídias sociais durante a pandemia de covid-19. A disseminação de mensagens educativas foi uma das alternativas utilizadas pelas organizações quilombolas e por seus parceiros, para proporcionar informação e orientação sobre saúde. São apresentadas experiências acumuladas a partir das ações desenvolvidas por voluntários, no período de 2020 a 2022. Entre as mídias digitais e as estratégias utilizadas, destacam-se os cards digitais produzidos e distribuídos, principalmente, por meio do aplicativo de mensagens WhatsApp. Refletimos sobre a importância do uso das mídias sociais como instrumentos de comunicação educacional para a promoção da saúde e prevenção da covid-19, em uma era tecnológica que potencializa trocas intensas de informações e conhecimentos. No caso abordado, a educação sobre saúde, através de mídias sociais/digitais, mostrou-se um instrumento essencial para a minimização dos impactos da covid-19 na população quilombola
This article aims to describe the health communication experiences developed with quilombola commu-nities in the Amazonia through social media in the covid-19 pandemic. The dissemination of educational messages was one of the alternatives used by quilombola organizations and their partners to provide health information and guidance. Accumulated experiences are presented based on the actions carried out by volunteers in the period from 2020 to 2022. Among the digital media and strategies used, most important are the digital cards produced and distributed mainly through the WhatsApp Messenger. We reflect on the importance of using social media as educational communication tools for health promotion and prevention of covid-19, in a technological era that intensifies intense exchanges of information and knowledge. In the case approached here, health education through social/digital media proved to be an essential tool for minimizing the impacts of covid-19 on the quilombola population
Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las experiencias de comunicación en salud desarrolladas con comunidades quilombolas de la Amazonia a través de las redes sociales durante la pandemia de covid-19. La difusión de mensajes educativos fue una de las alternativas utilizadas por las organizaciones quilombolas y por sus aliados para proporcionar información y orientación sobre salud. Se presentam experiencias acumuladas a partir de las acciones desarrolladas por voluntarios en el periodo de 2020 a 2022. Entre los medios digitales y estrategias utilizados, se destacan las tarjetas digitales producidas y distribuidas principalmente a través de la aplicación de mensajería WhatsApp. Reflexionamos sobre la importancia de utilizar los medios sociales como herramientas de comunicación educativa para la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la covid-19, en una era tecnológica que potencia intensos intercambios de información y conocimiento. En el caso relatado, la educación para la salud a través de medios sociales/digitales demostró ser una herramienta esencial para minimizar los impactos de la covid-19 en la población quilombola
Sujet(s)
Humains , Communication , Communautés Quilombola , Médias sociaux , COVID-19 , Promotion de la santéRÉSUMÉ
(analítico) Con el tiempo, el acceso de los jóvenes a la universidad ha sido mayor; sin embargo, una serie de factores puede hacer que, en este tránsito, los estudiantes experimenten tensiones que influyen en su salud integral. Por ello, conocer cuáles son las tensiones que viven los estudiantes en el contexto universitario constituye un punto de partida para su bienestar. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con diseño fenomenológico, mediante grupos focales y entrevistas se-miestructuradas. La categorización se realizó con el Software IRaMuTeQ y su análisis mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se encontró que las redes de apoyo pueden convertirse en agentes de tensión: red familiar, expectativas frente al desempeño académico; red social, necesidad de encajar y establecer relaciones, y red universitaria, metodologías de algunos profesores y desconocimiento de infraestructura.
(analytical) Over time, the access of young people to the university has been greater; however, a series of factors can cause students to experience tensions during this transit that influence their overall health. Therefore, knowing what are the tensions that students experience in the university context constitutes a starting point for their well-being. A qualitative research with a phenomenological design was carried out, through focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The categorization was carried out with the IRaMuTeQ Software and its analysis using the content analysis technique. It was found that support networks can become agents of tension: family network, expectations regarding academic performance; social network, need to fit in and establish relationships, and university network, methodologies of some professors and lack of knowledge of infrastructure.
(analítico) Com o passar do tempo, o acesso dos jovens à universidade foi maior; no entanto, uma série de fatores pode fazer com que os alunos experimentem tensões durante esse trânsito que influenciam sua saúde geral. Portanto, saber quais são as tensões que os alunos vivenciam no contexto universitário constitui um ponto de partida para o seu bem-estar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de delineamento fenomenológico, por meio de grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A categorização foi realizada com o Software IRaMuTeQ e sua análise por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que as redes de apoio podem se tornar agentes de tensão: rede familiar, expectativas em relação ao desempenho acadêmico; rede social, necessidade de se enquadrar e estabelecer relacionamentos, e rede universitária, metodologias de alguns professores e desconhecimento de infraestrutura.
Sujet(s)
AdolescentRÉSUMÉ
Resumen Este estudio analiza los cambios estructurales experimentados por un equipo interprofesional que implementa un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Los equipos están compuestos por psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y facilitadores comunitarios que proporcionan atención a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario. Se aplicaron métodos de evaluación estructural para identificar cambios en la cohesión de las redes de reconocimiento entre profesionales, así como la preferencia para colaborar y el intercambio de información enviada y recibida. La recogida de información se produjo en dos series temporales -tiempo 1 (T1) y tiempo 2 (T2)- con un intervalo de tres meses. Se utilizó una estadística aplicada al análisis de datos relacionales para determinar los cambios en las redes en T1 y T2. En el período de referencia se incrementó la densidad en las redes de reconocimiento [. = 1.7105, (IC 95 %: -.0123 - .185), . < .0444] y de preferencia para trabajar [. = 2.0942, (IC 95 %: .005 - .1521), . < .0218]. Las redes de intercambio de información no experimentaron cambios significativos. Las regresiones múltiples a nivel diádico indican que la preferencia para trabajar e intercambiar información en T1, predicen el intercambio de información relativo tanto a peticiones de información recibidas como enviadas en T2. Se discuten los resultados para optimizar la implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial desarrolladas por equipos interprofesionales.
Abstract The study analyzes the structural changes experienced by an interprofessional team implementing a psychosocial intervention program for victims of war in Colombia. The program is called "PAPSIVI" (Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas), which has been operating in Colombia since 2013, thanks to Law 1448 of 2011 to improve the quality of life and repair the damage of the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. It only served people registered in the Single Registry of Victims (RUV), which had 9'165,126 records throughout the country until September 2021. This program follows a comprehensive and restorative approach that defines victims as protagonists of their own process of empowerment and positive change (Laplante and Holguin, 2006; Thompson, 1996). For this purpose, a multilevel intervention is carried out at the individual, family and community levels. The program is implemented by teams of professionals (psychologists, social workers and community facilitators) of varying sizes depending on the number of victims served in the municipalities. Psychologists provide individual psychological care and, to a lesser extent, family therapy is also offered to try to repair psychosocial damage from exposure to situations of violence (Oficina de Promoción Social, 2017). Social workers carry out community interventions to promote the associative fabric and social capital. Community promoters are facilitators and connect professionals with the potential beneficiaries of the intervention. The latter are very important, having themselves the status of victims, which increases the ecological validity of the intervention. Due to the characteristics of the implementation of this initiative, which takes into account the difficulties of the context (with situations of deprivation and vulnerability), as well as the particularities of the participants, it is valid to ask in this research what are the structural changes experienced by the teams of professionals who implement PAPSIVI. For this, structural evaluation methods were applied to identify changes in the cohesion of recognition networks among professionals, the preference to collaborate and the exchange of information sent and received. Data collection took place in two time series (T1 before - T2 after) with an interval of three months. Statistics applied to relational data analysis were used to determine changes in the networks at time T2. In the results it was found that in the baseline period the density in the recognition [t = 1.7105, (95 % CI: -.0123 - .185), p < .0444] and work preference [t = 2.0942, (95 % CI: .005 - .1521), p < .0218] networks increased. Information exchange networks did not experience significant changes. Multiple regressions at the dyadic level indicate that the preference for working and exchanging information at T1 predicts information exchange relative to both information requests received and sent at T2. It is concluded that the results shed light for: (a) optimize the design of psychosocial intervention teams; (b) improve their functioning by introducing horizontal organizational communication tools (among the members of each team), transversal (among the members of the teams implementing the program in different municipalities), and vertical (by promoting communication between professionals and program managers/responsible persons), and (c) achieve that changes in the structure of the teams serve as a diagnostic tool for functional problems of the team associated with the exchange of professional information and the referral of users. Ultimately, better integration of the teams leads to better psychosocial profiles of the users of programs such as PAPSIVI and allows them to better adapt their activities to the needs of the users, which improves the effectiveness of the intervention (Virto, 2021).
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Devido às complexidades do período de pandemia de covid-19, houve um aumento do acesso às redes sociais para a busca de informações científicas. Este trabalho visa apresentar as adaptações de uma atividade de ensino, através de relato de experiência, promovido pelo Grupo de Educação Tutorial (GET) do Curso de Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Foram ciclos de palestras com atualizações científicas e vivência prática, utilizando a rede social Instagram em formato de lives, sendo o conteúdo transmitido como entrevista, em dois blocos, totalizando seis lives com aproximadamente 55 minutos cada. O público interagiu com o palestrante, ao expressar opinião e encaminhar dúvidas através do recurso de comentários. Houve sucesso na participação dos alunos, fato confirmado pelo número de visualizações, uma vez que o total foi superior quando comparado às edições presenciais. A internet viabilizou encontros de pessoas, mesmo distantes, possibilitando o acesso a profissionais de outras cidades e transmitindo informações através da rede social
Due to the complexities of the covid-19 pandemic period, there has been an increase in access to social net-works to search for scientific information. This work aims to present the adaptations of a teaching activity, through an experience report, promoted by the Tutorial Education Group, of the Nutrition Course from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. There were lecture cycles with scientific updates and practical experience, using the social network Instagram in the format of lives, with the content being transmitted as an interview, in two blocks, totaling six lives with approximately 55 minutes each. The audience interacted with the speaker, expressing their opinion and doubts through the comment section. There was success in student participation, which can be confirmed by the number of online views, since this was higher when compared to the face-to-face editions. The internet made it possible for people to meet, even if they were far away, allowing access to professionals from other cities and transmitting information through the social network
Debido a las complejidades del período de la pandemia de covid-19, se ha incrementado el acceso a las redes sociales para buscar información científica. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar las adaptaciones de una actividad docente, a través de un relato de experiencia, promovida por el Grupo de Educación Tutorial (GET) del Curso de Nutrición de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora. Se realizaron ciclos de conferencias con actualización científica y experiencia práctica, utilizando la red social Instagram en formato de directos, siendo el contenido transmitido como entrevista, en dos bloques que suman seis directos con aproximada-mente 55 minutos cada una. El público interactuó con el ponente, expresando su opinión y dudas a través de la función de comentarios. Hubo éxito en la participación de los estudiantes, lo que se puede confirmar con el número de visualizaciones en línea, ya que fue mayor en comparación con las ediciones presenciales. Internet hizo posible que las personas se encontraran, aunque estuvieran lejos, permitiendo el acceso a profesionales de otras ciudades y transmitiendo información a través de la red social
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Humains , Sciences de la nutrition , Réseautage social , COVID-19 , Internet , Divulgation , Diffusion de l'information , Accès à InternetRÉSUMÉ
O presente estudo verificou a associação entre variáveis sociodemográficas, características da esco-la, nível de atividade física (AF) e comportamento sedentário (CS) em adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra foi composta por 71.903 adolescentes entre 13 e 16 anos (52,8% meninas), matriculados no último ano do ensino fundamental, em escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil, participantes da terceira edição da Pesquisa Nacional da Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). As informações foram recolhidas através de questionário. O tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física e extra aula de Educação Física, o tempo em deslocamento ativo e o tempo em CS foram associados às variáveis sociodemográficas (tipo de município, local da escola, escolaridade da mãe, percepção de insegurança, idade e sexo) e características da escola (tipo de escola e quadra disponível para uso). Utilizou-se a análise de rede. Quanto ao comportamento ativo, a topologia de rede mostrou que os meninos são mais ativos do que as meninas, principalmente na AF extra aula de Educação Física. Além disso, os resultados revelaram um maior tempo de AF na aula de Educação Física para os meninos, estudantes cujas mães apresentavam maior escolaridade, matriculados em escolas privadas e com quadra disponível para uso. Os estudantes matriculados em escolas públicas apresentaram maior tempo de AF em deslocamento ativo. Quanto ao CS, jovens do contexto urbano apresentaram maior exposição quando comparados aos pares do contexto rural. Conclui-se que as características sociodemográficas e da escola estão relacionadas com os comportamentos dos adolescentes brasileiros em todos os domínios da AF e no CS
The present study aimed to verify the association of sociodemographic correlates and school characteristics with levels of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) of Brazilian adolescents. The sample consisted of 71,903 adolescents between 13 and 16 years old (52.8% girls), enrolled in the last year in public and pri-vate elementary schools of Brazil, participants of the third edition of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). The time of PA in Physical Education class and extra Physical Education class, time in active commuting and time in SB were related to sociodemographic variables (type of municipality, place where the school is located, mother's schooling, perception of insecurity, age and gender) and school characteristics (type of school, block available for use). Data were analyzed using network analysis. The network topology showed that boys are more active than girls, especially in extra Physical Education`s PA. In addition, boys, students whose mothers have higher education, enrolled in private schools, which have a court available for use, have a positive association with longer time spent in PA in physical education classes. Students enrolled in public schools had a positive association with time spent in active commuting PA. As for SB, young people from the urban context are more exposed to SB than rural context. It was concluded that sociodemographic correlates and characteristics of the school were associated with all domains of the physical activity and sedentary behavior
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Mode de vie sédentaire , Analyse des réseaux sociaux , Brésil , Exercice physiqueRÉSUMÉ
Objective:To analyze the characteristics of smoking network among smokers in Kunming smoking cessation outpatient service.Methods:A multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out, and smoking cessation outpatients from 8 tertiary hospitals (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yan′an Hospital, Ganmei Hospital, the 920 Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming First People′s Hospital, the First People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province and the Second People′s Hospital of Yunnan Province) in Kunming, Yunnan Province were included to receive a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire mainly consisted of four parts: (1) demographic characteristics of smokers; (2) the specific situation of smoking; (3) social support network; (4) smoking network. A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, 351 were recovered, and 351 were valid, the collected data from valid questionnaire were statistically analyzed to analyze the social demographic characteristics, smoking status and smoking network characteristics of smokers.Results:In this survey, the demographic characteristics of the 351 patients in the smoking cessation clinic were as follows: there were 342 male cases (97.4%), 249 cases (70.9%) were Han, 233 patients (66.4%) were non-religious, there were 236 cases (67.2%) with college degree or above, and 51 cases (14.5%) were unemployed. The analysis of smoking status showed that 167 patients (47.6%) maintained daily smoking, 247 patients (70.4%) had plans to quit smoking, at least one parent of 258 patients (73.5%) had a history of smoking, 188 patients (53.6 %) smoked at home. In the smoking network of the surveyed patients, there were 304 patients (86.6%) who smoked together with two or more people, and more than 90 percent of the patients smoked with the same sex.Conclusions:The smoking network of patients in Kunming smoking cessation clinic is small, and a third of smokers are friends. It is suggested to use the characteristics of smoking network to carry out smoking cessation intervention activities, so as to improve the success rate of smoking cessation.
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Objective:To explore the problems of medical and preventive integration at primary healthcare institutions in China, for references for promoting the development of medical and preventive integration in China.Methods:This study searched for literatures covering the integration of medical and preventive at primary healthcare institutions on CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases(from the establishment of the database until March 1, 2023), and extracted text mentioning problems of the medical and preventive integration in primary healthcare institutions. The macro model of the health system was used for problem classification analysis, while the social network analysis method was used to measure the network density, point centrality, and intermediary centrality of the problem, and determine the key issues.Results:A total of 25 papers were included, and 28 problems of medical and preventive integration at primary medical and health institutions were extracted, including 6 problems at the external environment level, 15 problems at the structural level, 6 problems at the process level, and 1 problem at the result level. The results of social network analysis showed that the network density of these problems was 0.71. The point centrality and intermediary centrality of key problems were both high, including the lack of incentive mechanisms for medical and prevention integration (point centrality=69, intermediary centrality=21.44), fragmentation of health information systems(68, 15.70), insufficient awareness of medical and prevention integration among grassroots personnel(65, 17.47), shortage of talent at primary medical and health institutions(64, 11.69), weak service capabilities of primary medical institutions(50, 19.23), and insufficient information sharing(48, 15.80).Conclusions:A variety of problems were found in the integration of medical and preventive at primary medical and health institutions in China, which were closely interrelated. It was urgent to solve six key problems, including the lack of incentive mechanisms, talent shortage, and information system fragmentation, etc. It was suggested that primary medical and health institutions should further improve the incentive mechanism for medical and preventive integration, strengthen the construction of grassroots health talent teams, promote health information exchange and sharing, and enhance the awareness of medical and preventive integration.
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Objective To explore the technology frontiers for neuroblastoma treatment from the perspective of patent citation network. Methods Through patent analysis for neuroblastoma treatment, highly cited patents and highly cited papers in the citation network were taken as the research objects. The title and abstract of the citing patents were analyzed by text clustering to identify the technology frontiers. Through social network analysis, the core patents were identified from the indices of degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and eigenvector centrality. Results A total of 6240 patent applications for neuroblastoma treatment were found, including 71304 patent citations and 88698 journal-article citations. Four technology frontiers were identified based on patent citation network, namely, drug target, drug design, tumor-indication expansion, and gene-expression regulation. Three technology frontiers were identified based on journal-article citation network. They were drug target, drug design, and tumor-indication expansion. Conclusion The development of technology for neuroblastoma treatment continues to be active. Drug target and drug design are the most important technology frontiers. This study could provide certain reference for neuroblastoma treatment from the perspective of information science.
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Objective:To analyze the experiences and practice in the reform of public hospital salary system in Sichuan province, summarize the typical modes of such reform in the province, and provide references for further reform.Methods:As of October 29, 2021, the research group received 77 sets of typical experience materials submitted by the health commissions and public hospitals in Sichuan province on enforcing the reform of the public hospital salary system. The analysis framework was based on the five main elements proposed in the Guidance to Deepening the Reform of the Salary System of Public Hospitals for the purpose of furthering the reform. These five elements refer to " reasonably determining the level of salary in public hospitals" " fully implementing the autonomy of internal distribution in public hospitals " " establishing and improving the incentive and restraint mechanism for the remuneration of public hospital leaders" " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" and " funding sources ". A quantitative analysis was made on the typical experience materials using the social network analysis method, while a qualitative analysis was made on the typical experience materials using the content analysis method. Results:The results of social network analysis showed that the network density was 0.272; the highest point centrality was " fully implement the autonomy of internal distribution in public hospitals" (0.935), and the highest intermediary centrality was " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" (0.870), while the closeness to centrality of " establishing and improving the incentive and constraint mechanism for the salary of public hospital leaders" (0.434) and " funding sources" (0.421) were relatively low. The results of content analysis showed that the ones with higher frequency among all the typical experience materials were " fully implementing the autonomy of internal distribution of hospitals" (72 times) and " improving the assessment and evaluation mechanism oriented to public welfare" (67 times), while the ones with lower frequency were " establishing and improving the salary incentive and constraint mechanism for public hospital leaders" (17 times) and " funding sources" (14 times). In terms of unity and synergy, the typical models of public hospital salary system reform in the province could be categorized as the fine standard mode, the fair value mode, the autonomous synergy mode and the circular symbiosis mode.Conclusions:Deepening the reform of the salary system of public hospitals should unify the standards and improve the fair and refined assessment and evaluation mechanism; explore various forms of distribution and build an internal autonomous and synergistic incentive mechanism; pay attention to the weak remuneration incentive mechanism for hospital leaders and the problem of a relatively single source of funding.
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Abstract@#Social network of adolescents is one of the important factors affecting the initiation and development of their unhealthy eating behaviors, and different types of social networks shows varied influences on adolescents eating behaviors through divergent mechanisms. In the context of the new media era, social networks of adolescents establish via social media appear more complex and extensive. Based on relevant previous literature, the paper explores the impact and possible mechanisms of social network on eating behavior of adolescents, as well as its development and application in the new media era to provide references for better intervention strategies and healthier eating behaviors among adolescents from the perspective of social network.
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【Objective:】 To deeply understand the current situation and hotspots of drug clinical trials risk management in China. 【Methods:】 Co-word analysis and social network analysis were used to sort out the study results of risk management in drug clinical trials in China. 【Results:】 The trend of risk research of drug clinical trials in China was generally on the rise. The research hotspots focused on four areas: drug supervision and pharmacovigilance, risk management of drug clinical trial institutions, ethical review of drug clinical trials, and risk management of drug clinical trials. 【Conclusion:】 In the future, China should gradually improve the risk management system and supervision system of drug clinical trials, explore to establish a risk-based quality management and ethical review system of drug clinical trials, and enhance the risk assessment and coping ability of institutions.
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Objective To describe the research hotspots and authors'cooperative relationships in the field of pharmacoepidemiology mentioned in the 2022 International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk Management(ICPE),and compare with those result of ICPE 2021.Methods Taking the 2021-2022 ICPE abstracts as the data source,we used Python to extract literature information.R software networkD3 package was used to draw network diagrams of cooperative relationships among authors and organizations.Term frequency-inverse document frequency technology in tidytext package was used to conduct weighted statistics on the frequency of tokens to identify hotspot diseases,drugs,databases,etc.Results 2 086 ICPE abstracts were included.Between 2021 and 2022,the number of abstracts,authors,and organizations increased by 58.8%,42.3%,and 24.9%respectively.In 2022,there were a total of 387 core authors(including 14 from China,all from Hong Kong and Taiwan district),forming 26 close cooperation groups(including 2 Chinese groups).161 core organizations(including 8 in China),constituted 18 close cooperation groups(including 1 Chinese-foreign group and 1 Chinese domestic group).The topic of COVID-19,type 2 diabetes,and rheumatoid arthritis have always been deeply discussed,meanwhile,the discussion popularity of breast cancer,Parkinson's disease and dementia have increased significantly.Opioids,sodium-glucose transporters 2 inhibitors,and antipsychotics have always been popular drugs,and the popularity of antidepressants,COVID-19 vaccines and antihypertensive drugs have increased markedly.The hotspot databases included Clinical Practice Research Datalink,IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters,and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System,etc.Conclusion From 2021 to 2022,the scale of ICPE has expanded,and academic cooperation has become more extensive and in-depth.However,there is still a big gap between the participation and cooperation scale of scholars from Chinese mainland and foreign countries.Breast cancer,Parkinson's disease,dementia,antidepressants,and COVID-19 vaccines are new hot topics at ICPE 2022.The research hotspots and cooperation networks displayed in this article have certain reference values for Chinese pharmacoepidemiologists in selecting future research topics and partners.
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Background: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the role of social trust in health information exchange on social network sites (SNSs). In the light of the confusion and panic about health information leading to and during the worldwide lockdown, in an attempt to control the spread and symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the sharing of health information on SNS did not start during the COVID-19 lockdown, the concerns about health information interchange were highlighted during the lockdown. Objectives: This study investigates the nature of the association between health information exchange and social trust and how social trust has influenced health information exchange from 2005 to 2021. Method: In line with the purpose of the study, the researcher applied a systematic literature review to review conference articles, accredited journal articles and book chapters. The review process involved a rigorous procedure towards a definition of review protocol, extraction of articles, formulation of selection criteria and the review itself. Results: This study reveals a transactional interplay between the constructs of social trust (benevolence, integrity and competence) and social network site user roles (information seeker, information passer and information giver). Conclusion: In summary, the researcher argues that public health officials would benefit from setting up an SNS that proactively provides health information. The health information exchange experience should be designed in a way that takes into account how social trust can be used to moderate health information exchange in the SNS by different types.