Résumé
Skin sores, ulcers, nerve weakness, and disfigurement are a few most common leprosy complications when the diagnosis is delayed and not treated timely. The chronic nature of leprosy and the associated risks of deformities make it the most horrifying illness in human history. Although leprosy affects every segment of the population, adolescents and their highly sophisticated social life put them at additional risk and prone to severe socio-psychological problems. This study has systematically collected and reviewed published literature and arranged findings in a single report to provide a comprehensive understanding of adolescents affected by leprosy. Findings indicate that early adolescents are affected mainly compared to children (0-10 years). Household contact is the primary source of infection among adolescents, and changes in daily life, poor wellbeing, the experience of stigma, self-isolation, and reduced social mobility are prominent issues among affected adolescents. Adolescents with one or both parents affected with leprosy showed signs of anxiety, depression, poor academic performance, or dropout. Leprosy among adolescents demands extra attention due to their precarious and unsafe behavioural traits and their comparably extensive peer and social engagements. This review shows that systematic and well planned studies are required on directly or indirectly leprosy affected adolescents to further research relevant issues for defining the problems and finding solutions to various challenges so as to frame effective interventions and policies
Résumé
ObjectiveTo compare the characteristics of adult and juvenile callers at high risk of suicide from psychological assistance hotline， to screen factors influencing the crisis intervention effect， so as to develop specific intervention programs for different age groups on psychological assistance hotline. MethodsFrom January 2021 to June 2021， a total of 2 229 callers at high risk for suicide were recruited from Beijing psychological assistance hotline. The selected individuals were divided into adult group （n=1 344） and juvenile group （n=885）. Callers were interviewed by the hotline operators. Their general information， suicidal ideation， socio-psychological characteristics and chief complaints were recorded and compared between two groups. Before and after hotline crisis interventions， psychological distress， suicidal ideation intensity and hope level of the callers were assessed， and the improvements in the three assessed dimensions were compared between two groups. Then Logistic regression was adopted to compare the crisis intervention effects on three dimensions and their associated factors. ResultsCompared with adult group， juvenile group reported higher rates of family relationship problems， learning problems， history of suicide attempts and fear of assault， with statistically significant differences （χ2=55.604， 24.706， 41.944， 106.527， P<0.01）. After hotline crisis intervention， the proportion of callers with increased level of hope was larger in juvenile group than that in adult group （42.74% vs. 30.97%， χ2=26.042， P<0.01）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the chances of improvement in psychological distress for major depressive disorder （OR=0.650， 95% CI： 0.510~0.827）， the chances of improvement in the level of hope for those with substance dependents （OR=0.550， 95% CI： 0.327~0.926）， and the chances of improvement in the intensity of suicidal ideation for those with stressful life events （OR=0.565， 95% CI： 0.328~0.973） were all higher in juvenile group than those in adult group after crisis intervention. ConclusionAmong the callers at high risk for suicide from psychological assistance hotline， adult callers are more concerned about extra-familial relationships， work and economic problems， while juvenile callers are more concerned about family relationship and learning problems. Furthermore， the effect of crisis intervention in juvenile callers is less affected by major depressive disorder， substance use problems and stressful life events.
Résumé
The purpose of the study is to check the HIV awareness of the first-year university students in Melitopol, Ukraineexperimentally to substantiate its importance (particularly about the way of its transmission and prevention) as ahealth-preserving factor. The study was conducted among the first-year university students in Melitopol, Ukraine.A total of 163 students (42 male and 121 female) participated in the survey in order to ascertain the students’ HIVawareness and develop particular methods of filling the gaps in their knowledge about HIV/AIDS, as well aspromote preventive measures against HIV spread in Ukraine. A questionnaire was developed for the survey, andit consisted of two blocks: the first one contained the questions concerning the students’ HIV awareness; thesecond block was aimed at determining the sources of information from which the students received knowledgeabout HIV. The results of the survey demonstrated that the students have low HIV awareness that can lead to HIVinfection. It has been found out that educational activities at universities and schools are the most effective meansof HIV awareness formation and HIV infection prevention among youth (37.4%). Formation of preventiveprograms should be aimed at reducing the risk behaviour of young people. The existence of a correlation betweenthe level of awareness and the probability of HIV infection has been revealed. It was found out that educationalactivities on HIV/AIDS should be understood as a set of timely provided knowledge about the ways of HIVinfection and methods of its prevention. It was proved that the acquired knowledge influences the first-yearstudents inner motivation to change behaviour which is a health saving factor
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Objective:To analyze the socio-psychological effects of killing raised masked civet in the prevention of SARS.Methods:3816 comments pasted in News Forum of Net Ease freely by net mates,on the second SARS prevention in Gnangdong province,were collected.The public psychological responses before and after the killing raised masked civets were compared.Results:All the four main categories of“optimal or rational”,“worry”, “complaining of government”,and“"complaining of scientists”,which reflected the socio-psychological response to the prevention of SARS,greatly improved after this measure.Conclusion:This measure had positive effect on enhancing the confidence in anti-SARS,getting rid of the fear of SARS,increasing the trust of the public to government,and strengthening the scientific belief among the public.