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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230734

RÉSUMÉ

Aim: To determine the optimum date of sowing to realize higher grain yield in rabi rice.Study Design: Split plot.Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudrur, Nizamabad during rabi, 2022.Methodology: The experiment consisted of a total of fifteen treatments which were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Treatments included were five dates of sowing in the main plot M1-20th November, M2-1st December, M3-10th December, M4-20th December, and M5-30th December and three treatments of varieties in subplots S1-JGL 24423 (long slender variety), S2-Ganga Kaveri (medium slender variety) and S3-RNR 15048 (short slender variety) randomly placed in subplots of the main plot.Results: Maximum plant height (100.3 cm), number of tillers m-2 (432), dry matter accumulation (15869 kg ha-1), grain yield (7219 kg ha-1), straw yield(8387 kg ha-1) and HI (46.1) was noticed in crop Sownon 30thDecember. Significantly maximum number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation (14263 kg ha-1), grain yield (6127 kg ha-1), straw yield (8650 kg ha-1) was observed in S2-Ganga Kaveriwhile significantly higher plant height (100.6 cm) and HI (45.0) was found in S3-RNR 15048. Lowest height was recorded in S2-Ganga Kaveri (92.6 cm), and above parameters were recorded lowest in crop sown on 20th November, while lowest number of tillers m-2and straw yield (8122 kg ha-1) was observed in crop sown on 1st December.Significantlyless number of tillers m-2 (326), dry matter accumulation (13981 kg ha-1), grain yield (6166 kg ha-1), straw yield (7526 kg ha-1) was recorded in S3-RNR 15048, while lowest HI (43.9) was recorded in S1-JGL 24423.Conclusion: Crop sown on 30thDecember revealed better performance in terms of grain yield under the present study during Rabi conditions. Among varieties, Ganga Kaveri (S2) performed better in terms of grain yield.

2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-230148

RÉSUMÉ

The experiment was conducted with ten genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) viz ICCV 88503, ICCV 92944, HC- 1, HC-3, HC-5, H12-64, H13-01, H13-02, H14-01 and H14-04 for three dates of sowing i.e 15th October, 15thNovember and 15thDecember at the field in randomized block design during Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Pulses Section, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to observe the effect of sowing dates on vegetative and reproductive growth rate of chickpea genotypes at different intervals i.e 30, 60, 90, and 120 DAS with their correlations to seed yield. The dry weight of leaves, stem, pods, plant height, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and pollen viability were minimum in 15thDecember sowing and maximum in 15thOctober sowing at all intervals. Among genotypes, maximum dry matter and growth rate were observed in H12-64 and H13-01 while minimum were found in H14-04. Seed yield exhibited significant positive correlation with all traits in 15th October and 15th November sowing while non-significant was on 15th December sowing.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229839

RÉSUMÉ

The present investigation was carried out to find out the best planting time and spacing in terms of growth and flower yield and quality of China aster during Rabi season 2022. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, which had nine treatments replicated thrice. The dates of sowing were kept in the month of October at an interval of one week i.e., 2nd, 9th and 16th having different planting distance (30x20 cm, 30x30 cm, 30x40 cm). This experiment reviled that that Treatment T1 in which seed were sown in 1st week of October having planting distance of 30 x 20 cm performed best in with respect to growth, flower yield and quality of China aster.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229314

RÉSUMÉ

An agro-meteorological investigation was undertaken during rabi, 2016 and 2017 at Farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz. V1: NIAW-301 (Trymbak ) V2: NIAW-917 (Tapovan), V3: NIAW-1415 (Netravati) and V4:NIAW-1994 (Phule Samadhan) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 43rd MW (22-28 October), S2: 45th MW (5-11November), S3: 47th MW (19-25 November) and S4: 49th MW (3-9 December) as sub plot treatments. The agrometeorological indices indicated more values for 45th MW (5-11November) and 47th MW (19-25 November) sown wheat crops and lowest values in late sown crop. Days to crown root stage, tillering stage, ear emergence stage, 50% flowering stage, milking stage, dough stage and physiology maturity matched closely with observed values for all sowing environments. It revealed that the grain yields were significantly higher in NIAW-1994 (51.07 and 48.52 qha-1) and significantly superior to the rest of the wheat varieties. This was followed by NIAW-917(45.72 and 43.43 q ha-1), NIAW-301(43.57 and 41.27 q ha-1). The variety NIAW-1415 recorded significantly lower grain yield (40.89 and 38.84 qha-1) during 2016 and 2017, respectively. The grain yield was maximum at 47th MW sowing window (50.40 and 47.88 qha-1), the grain yield of 45th MW (47.94 and 45.42 qha-1) were at par with 47th MW sowing window. This was followed by 43rd MW sowing window (43.88 and 41.68 q ha-1), 49th MW sowing window (39.04 and 37.07 q ha-1) during 2016 and 2017, respectively.

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229313

RÉSUMÉ

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a thermo-sensitive long-day crop. Temperature is a major determinant of its growth and productivity. Late sown wheat exposes preanthesis phenological events to high temperature that influence grain development and ultimately the yield [1]. Comprehensive assessments of the influence of climate variability on crop yields at local and regional scales can be highly beneficial. With an aim to assess the weather influences on wheat at local scale this study was taken up. An experiment was conducted at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India) in a split-plot design with three replications and sixteen treatment combinations of four different varieties and four sowing windows. Four varieties used were NIAW-301 (Trymbak ), NIAW-917 (Tapovan), NIAW-1415 (Netravati) and NIAW-1994 (Phule Samadhan). Four sowings were taken up on 43rd MW (22-28 October), 45th MW (5-11November), 47th MW (19-25 November) and 49th MW (3-9 December). The grain yield of wheat was influenced significantly by wheat varieties. The grain yields were significantly higher in NIAW-1994 (51.07 and 48.52 qha-1) and significantly superior to the rest of the wheat varieties. This was followed by NIAW-917(45.72 and 43.43qha-1), NIAW-301(43.57 and 41.27 q ha-1). The variety NIAW-1415 recorded significantly lower grain yield (40.89 and 38.84 qha-1) during 2016 and 2017, respectively. Correlation analysis with weather parameters e.g. Temperature (Maximum and Minimum), Relative humidity (Morning and Evening), Rainfall and bright sunshine hours and yield showed that from tillering to 50% flowering stage, maximum temperature (-0.962*) was significantly negatively correlated with grain yield (r = -0.980**), (r =-0.950**) during 2016 and 2017, respectively in NIAW-301 (Trymbak ). The same trend was observed in the remaining varieties also. Regression equations were developed to predict the yield.

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-229179

RÉSUMÉ

There are several factors affecting the growth of maize; however, the optimum date of sowing is important for maize so that the crop grown can complete its life cycle under optimum environmental conditions and managing the fertilizer is one of the most important factors affecting maize growth. A field experiment was conducted to study the “effect of sowing dates and fertility levels on growth of Baby corn (Zea mays L.) under temperate condition” during Kharif 2018. The experiment comprised of two factors with four sowing dates viz., 18th Standard Meteorological Week ((SMW) (30th April - 6th May)), 21st SMW (21st May – 27th May), 24th SMW (11th June – 17th June) and 27th SMW (2nd July – 8th July) as main plot treatments and four fertility levels viz., unfertilized control (F0), 100:50:25 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 (F1), 120:60:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 (F2) and 140:70:35 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 (F3) as sub-plot treatments laid out in split plot design with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that growth baby corn was significantly influenced by sowing dates and fertility levels, among different sowing dates, 18th SMW (Standard Meteorological Week) recorded significantly higher growth and among different fertility levels F3 fertility level (140:70:35 N: P2O5: K2O kg ha-1) recorded significantly higher growth than other fertility levels.

7.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 30(3 Supplement): 76-89, 2014. tab, ilus
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-947492

RÉSUMÉ

A ferrugem asiática, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & P. Sydow, é uma das principais doenças foliares da cultura da soja. Assim, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os efeitos das épocas de semeadura, populações de plantas e doses reduzidas de fungicidas na severidade da ferrugem asiática e seus reflexos no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da soja, cultivar MG/BR-46 (Conquista). Experimentos de campo foram conduzidos nos anos agrícolas de 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, sob infestação natural da ferrugem asiática. A partir do surgimento dos primeiros sintomas da ferrugem, iniciaram-se as pulverizações com os tratamentos fungicidas e as avaliações da severidade da doença. Para compreender a natureza e a extensão dos efeitos dos tratamentos, uma análise multivariada de fatores foi aplicada. Para a maioria das diferentes características agronômicas avaliadas e fatores, de um terço a dois terços da variabilidade pode ser explicada por mudanças na população de plantas ou por diferenças nos tratamentos com fungicidas; e o restante, pela variação na época de semeadura. Os tratamentos com fungicidas e a época de semeadura são determinantes na severidade da doença e na interferência desta na produtividade da cultura. Caracteres relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo são mais dependentes das variações na população de plantas. As menores severidades da ferrugem asiática com os tratamentos fungicidas azoxystrobina + ciproconazol, refletiram em produtividades superiores. A população de plantas pode ser reduzida até 160 mil plantas ha-1 sem prejuízos no controle da doença e na produtividade da soja. No geral, semeaduras mais precoces proporcionaram aumento das características agronômicas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas, apesar do controle menos eficiente da ferrugem.


Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & P. Sydow is one of the major diseases of the soybean crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates, plant populations and reduced doses of fungicides on soybean rust severity and its effects on plant development and yield, cultivar MG/BR- 46 (Conquista). Field experiments were conducted in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 harvests, under natural rust infestation of soybean rust. As from the appearance of the first disease symptoms, also began the fungicide spraying and the disease severity assessments. To understand the nature and extent of the effects of different treatments, a multivariate analysis of factors was applied. For the majority of the agronomic characters and factors, one-third to two-thirds of their variability can be explained by changes in plant populations or by differences in the fungicide treatments, and the remainder, was explained by sowing date variations. The fungicide treatments and sowing dates are determinants in disease severity and its interference on crop productivity. The characters of plant growth are more dependent on plant population variations. Treatments with azoxystrobina + ciproconazol promoted smaller disease severities, reflecting in productivity increase. The plant populations can be reduced up to 160.000 plants ha-1 without losses in the disease control and the soybean yield. In general, the earliest sowings provided increase in the plant development, although the rust control was less efficient.


Sujet(s)
Glycine max , Phakopsora pachyrhizi , Fongicides industriels
8.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);43(3): 390-396, mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-668024

RÉSUMÉ

Eficiência climática (EC) é um índice que demonstra em termos quantitativos a redução produtiva ocasionada pelo déficit hídrico. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a EC das culturas da soja e do trigo para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando-se diferentes locais e datas de semeaduras. A EC foi obtida pela relação entre as produtividades atingível (PA) e potencial (PPf), estimadas por meio de modelos de simulação. A PA foi obtida pela estimativa da PPf, a qual foi determinada pelo método de Zona Agroecológica da FAO, deflacionada pelo déficit hídrico em cada uma das fases das culturas para cada data de semeadura, entre os anos de 1979 e 2008. Os resultados evidenciaram que as datas de semeadura influenciam a EC para a cultura da soja, a qual variou de 0,31 a 0,61. Com base nos resultados de EC e PA, há um ganho de produtividade com o atraso da semeadura de 01/10 para 21/12. Para a cultura do trigo, a EC média foi superior a 0,81, o que leva a concluir que se deve optar por datas de semeadura em que há maior PPf. As maiores PPf para o trigo são obtidas nas semeaduras a partir de meados do mês de junho ao final do mês de julho.


Climatic efficiency (EC) is an index that shows the yield loss caused by water deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EC of soybean and wheat crops for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The EC was obtained by the ratio between the attainable yield (PA) and potential yield (PPf) of these crops, estimated by crop simulation models. The PA was obtained by estimating the potential yield (PPf), which was determined by the FAO Agroecological Zone method, depreciated by the water deficit in each crop phenological phase for each sowing date, between 1979 and 2008. The results showed that sowing dates influenced the EC for the soybean crop, ranging from 0.31 to 0.61. Based on the results from EC and PA, there is an increase of crop yield when sowings are delayed from 01/10 to 21/12. For the wheat crop, the average EC was greater than 0.81, which allows to conclude that the best sowing dates should be chosen considering the highest PPf. The highest potential yields for the wheat crop were obtained for sowings from mid-June to end July.

9.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-163659

RÉSUMÉ

An experiment was conducted with four dates of sowing (Second fortnight of May, First fortnight of June, Second fortnight of June and First fortnight of July) and four Varieties (TMV-2, JL-24, Narayani and Abhaya). There was wide variation in the weather conditions that prevailed over the cropping periods between the two years of experimentation. During the first year (2006) a continuous dryspell of 51 days prevailed which coincided with different growth stages of groundnut under different dates of sowing. This dry spell has not favoured the growth and development of crop, instead, it has increased the crop duration of different varieties of groundnut studied under the present investigation. The crop duration was 139-146 days in early sown crop to 110-125 days in normal sown crop compared to normal duration of 105 to 120 days. However, the second year (2007) is normal with better temporal distribution of rains and the crop duration ranged from 104-120 days in early sown crop to 108-121 days under normal sown crop. The length of growth period in 2006 is due to receipt of continuous rains after dry spell of 51 days from seed development phase to physiological maturity. In 2007,the crop which received heavy rains (22 June sown crop ) from 90 DAS to harvest was adversely affected resulting poor filling and low yields. The results revealed that Sowing during July first fortnight was found to be optimum time for groundnut during drought year, while during normal year advancing the sowing date by one month may also favour good crop provided there were good rains. The performance of Abhaya cultivar was better than the Narayani, TMV-2 and JL-24 under different kinds of environments like extreme moisture stress, stress free or even under moderate stress conditions. However, in normal year TMV-2 and JL-24 performance was also good compared to drought year.

10.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 27(2): 259-270, mar./abr. 2011. tab
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-911788

RÉSUMÉ

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico e rendimento de grãos de cultivares de trigo em função de anos e épocas de semeadura. Os experimentos de campo foram instalados na Fazenda Experimental da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola (Coodetec), em Palotina, Estado do PR, Brasil, durante os anos agrícolas de 2006 e 2007. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos completos com os tratamentos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas seis cultivares de trigo (CD 104, CD 105, CD 108, CD 110, CD 111 e CD 114), e cinco épocas de semeadura (22/03, 07/04, 20/04, 04/05 e 18/05). Realizou-se a análise estatística conjunta para anos, cultivares e épocas de semeadura, em todas as combinações. As características avaliadas foram: ciclo até o espigamento e até a maturação, e rendimento de grãos. A maturação foi a característica mais afetada durante os dois anos avaliados. De maneira geral, em ambos os anos, o maior rendimento de grãos, para as seis cultivares de trigo, foi obtido em semeaduras realizadas no mês de abril.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and yield of wheat cultivars in response to different sowing dates and years. Field experiments were carried out on the Experimental Farm of the Central Cooperative Unit in Agricultural Research (Coodetec) in Palotina, state of Paraná, Brazil, during the agricultural years of 2006 and 2007. There was used the randomized block design with four replications. There were evaluated six wheat cultivars (CD 104, CD 105, CD 108, CD 110, CD 111 and CD 114), and five sowing dates (03/22, 04/07, 04/20, 05/04 and 05/18). The statistical analysis was carried out jointly for the years, cultivars, and sowing dates, in all combinations. Days until both emergency to flowering and emergency to maturation, and yield grain, were evaluated. Maturation was the characteristic more affected during the two years of study. In general, for both years, the highest grain yield, for the six wheat cultivars, was obtained in April sowing dates.


Sujet(s)
Production végétale , Agriculture , Amélioration des plantes , Triticum , Rendement
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