Formação inicial em Ciências do Esporte: diferenças na trajetória de mulheres e homens durante o percurso formativo de treinadoras(es) / Development in Sport Sciences: differences in the trajectory of women and men during the formation course of coaches / Formación inicial en Ciencias del Deporte: diferencias en la trayectoria de mujeres y hombres durante el curso de formación de entrenadores

No esporte, a presença das mulheres no cargo de treinadora ainda é baixa. Assim, analisou-se qualitativamente as experiências esportivas e as pessoas relevantes na trajetória de alunas(os) até a disciplina Treinadores e Treinadoras Esportivos do curso de Ciências do Esporte da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Utilizamos a Rappaport Timeline com 21 alunos e 8 alunas. As mulheres relataram influência de familiares e professoras(es) de Educação Física. Os homens apresentaram experiências positivas na escola. A representatividade e o acesso ao esporte foram favoráveis aos homens e desfavoráveis às mulheres. A menor presença de mulheres no curso, e como possíveis futuras treinadoras, está associada a uma trajetória de menos acessos e oportunidades de vivenciar o esporte ao longo da infância e juventude (AU).

In sport the presence of women in the position of coach is still low. The sports experiences and the relevant people in the trajectory of the students were qualitatively analyzed until the discipline Sports Coaches and Trainers of the Sport Sciences course at the Campinas State University. We used Rappaport Timeline with 21 male and 8 female students. The women reported the influence of family members and Physical Education teachers. Men had positive experiences at school. Representativeness and access to sport were favorable to men and unfavorable to women. The lower presence of women on the course and as possible future coaches is associated with a trajectory of less access and opportunities to experience the sport (AU).

En deporte la presencia de mujeres en los puestos de entrenador sigue siendo baja. Así analizamos cualitativamente las experiencias deportivas y las personas relevantes en la trayectoria de los estudiantes hasta la disciplina Entrenadores y Entrenadoras Deportivos de la carrera Ciencias del Deporte la Universidad Estadual de Campinas. Usamos Rappaport Timeline con 21 estudiantes varones y 8 mujeres. Las mujeres relataron la influencia de familiares y profesor(es) de Educación Física. Los hombres tuvieron experiencias positivas en la escuela. La representatividad y el acceso al deporte fueron favorables para los hombres y desfavorables para las mujeres. La menor presencia de mujeres en la cancha y como posibles futuras entrenadoras está asociada a una trayectoria de menor acceso y oportunidades para vivir el deporte (AU).

Analysis of goal scoring patterns and match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019

Abstract Aim: To characterize the goal-scoring patterns and investigate the goal process on match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019. Methods: A set of 35 goal-scoring patterns were grouped into nine macro-categories: Match-period, Court-zone, Set-play, Open-play, Touching by players before the goal, Offensive method, Goalkeeper-line, Number of passes before the goal, and Ball trajectory. Match outcome in regular time was considered the matches resulting in a loss (n=16), draw (n=8), or win (n=16). The offensive sequences that resulted in the goal were analyzed in all 20 matches during the competition (n=138 goals). Results: The most goals were scored in Open-play (69%), during the 2nd and 3rd periods (36% for each), near to goal (Zone 4; 50%), preceded by 1-touch (67%) and 0-pass (29%), using positional attack (46%), without goalkeeper-line (68%), and with high-ball trajectory (51%). In addition, won matches presented a higher number of goals in Zone 4, 1-touch, Counterattack, 4v4 goal-successful, Receiving pass, Sand-touch, and High-ball compared to draw and loss matches (p<0.001−0.03; Effect Size [ES]=1.24−2.58, large). Conclusion: In summary, winning teams scored their goals mainly in open-play situations and without a goalkeeper-line, using counterattacks to achieve zones near the opponent's goals, and implementing a direct offensive style. In addition, goals scored were usually preceded by 1-touch, both through high-ball and sand-touch ball trajectory. Coaches and practitioners may consider these goal processes to train prescription and deep understanding of the process to goal in elite Beach soccer.

Validity and reliability of plant-based culinary nutrition model questionnaire for fitness among sports science students

@#Introduction: There is an emerging focus on plant-based foods that have the added advantage of being nutritious without side effects. Besides, its preparation with nutritional awareness and culinary skills could be an effective solution for improving personal fitness. This study aimed to determine validity and reliability of a questionnaire for the development of a plant-based culinary nutrition model for fitness among sports science students. Methods: This study employed exploratory sequential mixed method design and was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 employed a qualitative design utilising modified Delphi method to determine content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire, while phase 2 was a quantitative design using Cronbach’s alpha statistical analysis to evaluate reliability of the instrument. The questionnaire consisted of the need for plant-based culinary nutrition model (Section A) and the model’s components (Section B). Thirteen expert panels from diverse expertise in sports nutrition and 30 sports science students took part. Results: Phase 1 resulted in development of a questionnaire where Section A and Section B scored CVI of 0.834 and 1.000, respectively. For phase 2, Cronbach’s alpha score for reliability of the questionnaire was 0.836 with a total of 15 items. The Cronbach’s alpha score for questionnaire items from Sections A and B were 0.709 and 0.832, respectively. Conclusion: The questionnaire developed in this study is validated and is considered reliable for use as a significant tool for plantbased culinary nutrition among sports science students.

Long distance training associated to HIIT protocol does not induce changes in blood biochemical markers in adult marathoners

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify blood markers during a 12-week training protocol and after Sao Paulo Marathon. Methods: Blood samples of 9 male marathoners were collected before (C1) and after (C2) 12-week training protocol, before (C3) and after (C4) marathon. Muscle and liver damage markers (creatine kinase [CK-MM], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and serum iron concentration were measured. Results: changes were identified comparing moment C4 to other moments for CK-MM and iron. For AST, ALT, and TBARS no differences were identified. Conclusion: strenuous exercises might elicit changes on blood markers, needing follow up strategies to avoid impairments to athletes' performance and health.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar marcadores sanguíneos durante 12 semanas de treinamento e após a Maratona de São Paulo. Metodologia: amostras de sangue de 9 maratonistas foram coletadas antes (C1) e após (C2) o treinamento de 12 semanas, antes (C3) e após (C4) a maratona. Marcadores sanguíneos e hepáticos (creatina quinase [CK-MM], aspartato aminotransf. [AST], alanina aminotransf. [ALT]), níveis de estresse oxidativo (subst. reativas ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]) e ferro sérico foram analisados. Resultados: Verificaram-se alterações de CK-MM e ferro entre C4 e os outros momentos. Para AST, ALT e TBARS não se encontrou diferenças. Conclusão: exercícios exaustivos podem causar alterações em marcadores sanguíneos, requerendo estratégias de monitoramento para evitar danos ao desempenho e saúde do atleta.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar marcadores sanguíneos durante 12 semanas de entrenamiento y después del Maratón de São Paulo. Metodología: muestras de sangre de 9 maratonistas fueron recogidas antes (C1) y después (C2) el entrenamiento, y antes (C3) y después (C4) a maratón. Se analizaron marcadores sanguíneos y hepáticos (creatina quinasa [CK-MM], aspartato aminotransf. [AST], alanina aminotransf. [ALT]), estrés oxidativo (sustancias reactivas del ácido tiobarbitúrico [TBARS]) y de hierro. Resultados: Se encontraron cambios comparando C4 y otros momentos para CK-MM y hierro. Para AST, ALT y TBARS no se encontraron diferencias. Conclusión: ejercicios extenuantes pueden causar cambios en marcadores sanguíneos, requiriendo estrategias de monitoreo para evitar daños al desempeño y salud del atleta.

COVID-19 and Brazilian handball coaches: impacts on training prescription and professional learning

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the influences of social isolation on the professional performance of Brazilian handball coaches and their expectations for the return of training sessions. Methods: Fifty-two handball coaches participated in this study (Mage=37.4 years; SDage=8.4), who coach U-8 to adult teams, and answered an online survey divided into two main sections: a) coaches' actions with athletes and/or teams throughout social isolation; b) professional learning during social isolation. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis and Thematic Analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The coaches mentioned that the contact with the teams has been made mostly with WhatsApp (94.2%) and Google Meet or Zoom (75.0%), in which coaches mainly emphasize physical fitness (69.2%) and tactical knowledge (67.3%). For professional learning, coaches are participating in online lectures (96.2%), and virtual meetings (92.3%). Coaches also seek content mainly related to teaching approaches (82.7%), and specific handball exercises (75.0%). Regarding expectations after the social isolation, coaches reported concern about uncertainties for sports practice (restriction of physical contact, decreased incentives for teams, and competitions) and possible psychological benefits (motivation to practice, overcoming difficulties, and learning new resources). Conclusion: The coaches revealed the concern about maintaining the athletes' performance during the social isolation, the uncertainties for the future of the teams, and the difficulties to use different resources for training. We suggested that the courses for coaches emphasize aspects that enable the learning of new technologies (e.g. social networks, video edition, and research platforms).

Das esteiras para as ruas: fatores que levam os alunos de academias às corridas de rua / From the treadmills to the streets: factors that take students from the gym to the street races / De las esteras para las calles: factores que llevan a los alumnos de gimnasios a las carreras callejeras

O estudo buscou conhecer os fatores que têm contribuído para os alunos das academias trocarem as esteiras pelas ruas. Para atingi-lo, foram entrevistados 10 corredores do sexo masculino e 10 do feminino. O tratamento das entrevistas se deu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados desvelaram a composição de grupos, o discurso da saúde, a presença da competição e a cultura do consumo como os fatores que levam os alunos de academias às práticas de corridas de rua. Portanto, o estudo concluiu que a substituição das esteiras pelas ruas constitui uma decisão multifatorial.

The study sought to know the factors that have contributed to the students of the academies to change the mats through the streets. To reach it, 10 male and 10 female runners were interviewed. The interviews were handled through the content analysis technique. The results revealed the composition of groups, the health discourse, the presence of competition and the culture of consumption as the factors that lead the students of academies to the practices of street races. Therefore, the study concluded that replacing mats on the streets is a multifactorial decision.

El estudio buscó conocer los factores que han contribuido a que los estudiantes de las academias cambien las esteras por las calles. Para llegar, se entrevistó a 10 hombres y 10 mujeres. Las entrevistas se manejaron a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron la composición de los grupos, el discurso de la salud, la presencia de la competencia y la cultura del consumo como los factores que llevan a los estudiantes de las academias a las prácticas de las carreras callejeras. Por lo tanto, el estudio concluyó que reemplazar esteras en las calles es una decisión multifactorial.

Health-Based Physical Fitness Level By Gender Among Form Six Sports Science Students In The State Of Kedah

Background: Physical fitness has a strong relationship with health and academic achievement. This study aims to identify the health-related physical fitness level among Form Six Sports Science students in the State of Kedah by gender. Methods: 225 students (107 male and 118 female) were purposively selected to participate in this descriptive study. This study was conducted using the Prudential FITNESSGRAM® test battery instrument, which introduced by Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, (1992). Researchers determine the physical fitness level of the subjects using five test items: cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and body mass index (BMI). Results: The findings use descriptive statistical analysis to identify the physical fitness level based on health components using the norms developed by Elumalai et al. (2019). The overall fitness analysis showed that almost 50% of boys and girls were in the range of a good level. Around 20% were in the range of moderate and very good respectively. Meanwhile, less than 5% were excellent in both genders. Analysis based on separate components showed most of the subjects, around 80% were in the range of moderate to very good. Conclusion: This study indicates that Form Six Sports Science student's physical fitness should be tested and evaluated before enrolling in Form Six sports Science program. This will ensure that they are healthy and have the quality as expected for future sports personals towards the development of the Malaysian sports industry.

A Teoria das Necessidades e a Busca da Excitação: o que Leva os Corredores às Ruas / The Theory of Needs and the Search for Excitement: What Takes Runners to the Streets

As corridas de rua representam para os campos da Educação Física e do esporte um fenômeno de grandes proporções, tendo servido como objeto de estudo para compreender os efeitos fisiológicos sobre a saúde, as questões relacionadas aos mecanismos de lesão, melhora do desempenho de atletas e como forma de manifestação de lazer. Além disso, considerando o crescimento da prática da corrida de rua, o número de eventos e atletas, as academias, que se tornaram populares nos anos de 1980 e 1990, nos últimos anos, fornecem muitos corredores para as ruas. No entanto, os motivos que fazem os corredores associarem a corrida na esteira das academias às corridas de rua ainda são poucos conhecidos. Destarte, o objetivo da pesquisa foi revisitar a literatura e investigar as motivações, que têm implicado os corredores a associar as esteiras das academias com as corridas de rua. Para atingi-lo, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de revisão narrativa nos principais periódicos da Educação Física brasileira e nas bases indexadoras SciELO e Google Acadêmico, tendo a busca sido realizada até 2014. Logo, como resultados a revisão contribui na medida em que desvela o sentimento gregário de grupo e a busca pela excitação, por meio do ambiente diversificado, alternativo e imprevisível das ruas, como os principais motivos que contribuem na associação que os corredores empregam das esteiras para as ruas. (AU).

The street running represents a phenomenon of great proportions for the fields of physical education and sport, having served as an object of study to understand the physiological effects on health, the questions related to the mechanisms of injury, improvement of the athletes performance and as a leisure manifestation.In addition, considering the growing practice of street running, the number of events and athletes, the gyms, which became popular in the 1980s and 1990s, in recent years, provide many runners to the streets. However, the motives that make runners associate the running in the treadmills in the gyms with the street runnings are still little known. Thus, the objective of the research was to revisit the literature and investigate the motivations that have implicated the runners to associate the treadmilss at the gyms with the street running. In order to reach this goal, a bibliographical research was carried out on the narrative review in the main Brazilian physical education journals and on the SciELO and Google Scholar index databases, and the search was carried out until 2014. As a result, the review contributes to the extent that it reveals the gregarious group feeling and the quest for excitement through the diversified, alternative and unpredictable environment of the streets as the main motives that contribute to the association that runners employ from the treadmills to the streets. (AU)

Licere: uma revista brasileira de lazer / Licere: a leisure Brazilian journal / Licere: una revista brasileña de ocio

“Licere: Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer/UFMG” é um periódico trimestral, lançado em 1998, dedicado a discutir a temática lazer em suas múltiplas dimensões, a partir de uma ótica multidisciplinar. Nesse artigo não pretendemos fazer uma apresentação dos “números” que marcam sua trajetória (acesso, artigos recebidos, artigos recusados etc.), mas sim entabular uma refl exão sobre seus caminhos, que têm relação com a própria conformação dos Estudos do Lazer no Brasil. O olhar que lançamos é fruto não só de nossa experiência como editores, mas também do que observamos como autores e pareceristas de outras revistas, notadamente daquelas relacionadas às Ciências do Esporte, com as quais Licere possui relações em função de coincidências históricas.

“Licere: Journal of the Pós-Graduated Program in Leisure Studies/UFMG” is a quarterly journal, launched in 1998, dedicated to discussing the theme leisure in its multiple dimensions, from a multidisciplinary perspective. In this article we do not intend to make a presentation of the “numbers” that mark his career (access, articles received, rejected papers etc), but engage in a refl ection on the journal trajectory, who are related to the conformation of Leisure Studies in Brazil. The look that we have launched not only is the result of our experience as editors, but also what we observe as authors and reviewers of other journals, especially those related to Sports Science, with which relations have Licere due to historical coincidences.

“Licere: Revista del Programa de Posgrado en Estudios del Ocio/UFMG” es una revista trimestral, lanzada en 1998, dedicada a discutir el tema de ocio en sus múltiples dimensiones, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar. En este artículo no pretendemos hacer una presentación de los “números” que marcan su carrera (acceso, artículos recibidos, artículos rechazados, etc.), pero hacer una refl exión sobre la trayectoria del periódico, que se relaciona con la conformación de los Estudios del Ocio en Brasil. La mirada lanzada no sólo es el fruto de nuestra experiencia como editores, sino también lo que observamos como autores y evaluadores de otras revistas, en especial las relacionadas con las Ciencias del Deporte, con la que tiene relaciones Licere debido a coincidencias históricas.

Publicar mais, ou melhor? O tamanduá olímpico / Publishing more, or better? The olympic anteater / Publier plus ou mieux? Le fourmilier olympique / ¿Publicar más, o mejor? El oso hormiguero olímpico

O presente texto discute alguns dos critérios que os órgãos financiadores da pesquisa utilizam para escolher os projetos contemplados nas ciências do esporte, embora essa questão seja importante também para os cientistas brasileiros de outros campos do conhecimento. Observa-se que as transformações realizadas nos últimos anos nos sistemas de fomento e classificação dos programas de pós-graduação resultaram no aumento da produtividade científica brasileira medida pelas publicações indexadas no contexto internacional. No entanto, a pressão institucional quantitativa pela publicação pode estar induzindo a graves distorções de comportamento entre os cientistas, o que compromete o próprio sentido do fazer científico e o futuro da ciência no Brasil. Uma comparação entre o tamanduá e a ciência produzida pelos brasileiros pode ser útil no entendimento de algumas propostas de ação para a comunidade científica ligada às ciências do esporte.

The present text issues some of the research funding institutions criteria used to approve sports science projects, although it seems to be an interesting and common problem to Brazilian scientists of another scientific areas. It has been observed that the performed changes in the postgraduate supporting and qualifying system have resulted in a greater Brazilian scientific productivity, as shown by its indexed international papers. Nevertheless, the institutional pressure for quantitative publishing could be resulting in behavioral distortions of the researchers, which could be harmful to the scientific practice and the science future in Brazil. A comparison is made between the anteater and the produced science of Brazilians and it seems to be useful to clarify some possible political actions to the sports science scientific community.

Cet article examine certains des critères utilisées par des organismes de financement de la recherche pour choisir les projets envisagés en sciences du sport. Cette question est également importante pour les scientifiques brésiliens dans d'autres domaines de la connaissance. On observe que les modifications apportées ces dernières années dans les systèmes de promotion et de classement des programmes d'études supérieures ont conduit à l'augmentation de la productivité scientifique au Brésil selon ce qui est mesuré dans le contexte international par les publications indexées. Cependant, cette pression quantitative de publication peut être induisant une distorsion grave de comportement parmi les scientifiques. Cela mine le sens même du travail scientifique et l'avenir de la science au Brésil. Une comparaison de fourmilier et les travaux scientifiques produits par les Brésiliens peut être utiles pour comprendre quelques propositions d'action à la communauté scientifique liée à la science du sport.

El texto aquí elaborado discute algunos de los criterios que las instituciones de investigación científica utilizan para seleccionar los proyectos que serán favorecidos en las ciencias del deporte, aunque esta situación sea importante también para los científicos brasileños de otros campos del conocimiento. Se observa que las transformaciones realizadas en los últimos años en los sistemas de fomento y clasificación de los programas de postgrado resultaron en un aumento de la productividad científica brasileña conforme medido por las publicaciones indexadas en el contexto internacional. Sin embargo, la presión institucional cuantitativa para publicación puede estar induciendo a graves distorsiones de comportamiento entre los científicos, lo que compromete el propio sentido de la actividad científica y el futuro de la ciencia en Brasil. Una comparación entre el oso hormiguero y la ciencia que se produce por los brasileños puede ser útil en el entendimiento de algunas proposiciones de acción para la comunidad científica relacionada a las ciencias del deporte.