Analysis of Lateral Straddling Motion of the Bathtub by the Differences in the First Leg of Patients after THA / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：The movement of an elderly person involving stepping over a bathtub makes them prone to falls and requires caution. Gait analysis suggested that the risk of falling increases with time spent in supporting both legs. A similar relationship was expected for side-straddling motion. This study aims to analyze differences in the side-straddling movements between THA patients who did not fully recover their functional balance, mobility, or walking ability from the viewpoint of the ratio of time spent supporting both legs.Methods：Eleven patients with hip osteoarthritis underwent initial unilateral THA via a posterior approach. Using a portable three-dimensional motion analyzer, we calculated the percentages of time spent supporting both legs while entering the bathtub, and exiting the bathtub with a handrail and examined the factors associated with percent of the time spent supporting both legs.Results：The percentage of time spent supporting both legs when exiting the bathtub was significantly lesser when exiting using the nonoperative than the operated side. A negative correlation was found between the percentages of time spent supporting both legs. while exiting the bathtub, and the percentage of handrail load values.Conclusion：The risk of falling may be reduced by using the nonoperative leg as the leading leg when exiting a bathtub. Use of handrails contributes to a reduction in fall risk.

Educational goals for college students diagnosed with disabilities: from individualist to transformative activist agenda / Metas educacionais para universitários diagnosticados com deficiência: de uma proposta individualista à ativista transformadora / Metas educacionales para estudiantes universitarios diagnosticados con discapacidad: de una propuesta individualista a una activista transformadora

Due to the legal protections and the effects of inclusive reforms introduced in the U.S. in the last decades, the number of students diagnosed with disabilities (SDWD) entering post-secondary education in the country has steadily increased. Nevertheless, SDWD remain significantly underrepresented among the college student population and their graduation rates are lower than those of their able-bodies peers'. Common explanations of unequal outcomes of SDWD in college have invoked issues related to students' transitioning from high school to college and inadequate provision of diversified and adequate support. In this paper, I critically examine the scholarship on academic success of SDWD in higher education that shape institutional discourses and practices around educational and life goals for SDWD. My analysis reveals that narrowly individualistic notions of personal responsibility, autonomy, self-determination and self-advocacy skills dominate such practices and discourses. My contention is that a focus on achieving independence as the ultimate educational goal for SDWD reproduces ableistic assumptions and ultimately disempowers those students. Merging insights from critical disability studies with the Vygotskian socio-historical theory expanded by the Transformative Activist Stance, I propose a radical reconceptualization of developmental goals for SDWD away from the notion of independence of individual learners toward focusing on interdependence, reciprocity, relationality, connectedness and collective agency.

Devido às proteções legais e aos efeitos das reformas inclusivas introduzidas nos EUA nas últimas décadas, o número de alunos diagnosticados com deficiência (SDWD) ingressando no ensino superior no país tem aumentado constantemente. Entretanto, o aluno diagnosticado com deficiência permanece significativamente sub-representado e apresenta taxas de graduação menores entre a população de estudantes universitários. Explicações comuns de desfechos desiguais de alunos com deficiência na faculdade têm invocado questões relacionadas à transição dos alunos do ensino médio para a faculdade e a oferta inadequada de apoio adequado e diversificado. Neste artigo, examina-se criticamente a bolsa de estudos e o sucesso acadêmico dos alunos com deficiência no ensino superior, que molda discursos institucionais e práticas em torno das metas educacionais e de vida para os alunos com deficiência. A análise revela que noções estritamente individualistas de responsabilidade pessoal, autonomia, autodeterminação e habilidades de autodefesa dominam tais práticas e discursos. Discute-se que o foco em alcançar a independência como o objetivo educacional final para o aluno com deficiência reproduz discriminações; em última instância, descapacita esses alunos. Unindo a abordagem de estudos críticos de incapacidade com a teoria sócio histórica vygotskiana expandida pelo Posicionamento Ativista Transformador, propõe-se uma reconceitualização radical dos objetivos de desenvolvimento para o aluno com deficiência, longe da noção de independência dos alunos individuais para focar na interdependência, reciprocidade, conectividade e na importância das relações e ações coletivas.

Debido a las protecciones legales y a los efectos de la reformas inclusivas introducidas en los EE.UU en las últimas décadas, el número de estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidades que ingresan en la educación superior en el país ha aumentado constantemente. Sin embargo, el número de estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad sigue siendo muy pequeño entre la población de estudiantes universitarios y, sus notas de graduación son mas bajas que que las de sus compañeros sin discapacidad. Las explicaciones comunes de esta disparidad entre los estudiantes con discapacidades e sus compañeros sin discapacidad en la universidad han planteado problemas relacionados con la transición de la secundaria a la universidad y la provisión inadecuada de suporte diverso y adecuado. Este artículo examina críticamente los estudios sobre el éxito académico de las personas con discapacidades en la educación superior que respaldan los discursos y prácticas institucionales en torno a las metas educacionales y de vida de los estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad. El análisis revela que estas comunicaciones y prácticas son el resultado de una "estrecha" noción individualista de responsabilidad personal, autonomía, autodeterminación y habilidades de autodefensa que dominan tales discursos y prácticas. Se argumenta que el enfoque en el logro de la independencia como objetivo educativo último para los estudiantes con discapacidad reproduce la discriminación; en última instancia, fragiliza a estos estudiantes. Uniendo el enfoque de los estudios críticos de la discapacidad con la teoría socio histórica vygotskiana ampliada por la Postura Activista Transformadora, proponemos una reelaboración radical de los objetivos de desarrollo para los estudiantes diagnosticados con discapacidad, lejos de la noción de independencia de el alumno individualmente, para enfocarse en la interdependencia, reciprocidad, conectividad y la importancia de las relaciones y acciones colectivas.

Correlation Of Static Balance With Knee Proprioception In Elderly

Background: Balance in the human body is maintained by the coordinated integration of sensory input from somatosensory, vestibular and visual system. This coordinated response to stimuli must be transmitted to appropriate muscles to maintain or to correct balance. Both static and dynamic stabilizers provide support to the normal knee joint where static stabilizers include ligament, meniscus and joint capsule which provide stabilization to the joint. Altered response in these sensory inputs may affect balance. Proprioceptive feedback is received from the sensory receptors present in the joint to maintain knee joint position, which gets altered due to microtrauma in the aging process, which thus affects balance. In elderly, this loss of balance is correlated with increased risk of falls. So, it is important to study the correlation between static balance and knee proprioception in elderly. Purpose of the study: To understand the correlation of static balance with knee proprioception. Methodology: It was an Observational cross- sectional study in which 70 subjects were enrolled as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after which a written informed consent was taken. Knee proprioception error was assessed in standing position using a goniometer. Static Balance was assessed using Tandem Stance Time. Results: The study showed negative correlation between Right knee proprioception error and tandem stance time, r= -0.1207 and left knee proprioception error and tandem stance time, r= -0.1222. Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded that there is negative correlation between knee proprioception error and static balance, i.e. lesser the knee proprioception error better is the static balance.

The effect of age on the center of plantar pressure / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effect of age on the trajectory of the center of plantar pressure.Methods Twenty-five healthy young people constituted a youth group,while another 25 elderly counterparts formed an aged group.Descriptors of everyone's gait were collected using an AL-600 gait and balance training and evaluation apparatus.The length of the total trajectory of the center of plantar pressure (COPD) was recorded along with the average left and right deviation of the center of plantar pressure (COPD-X) and its average anterior-posterior deviation (COPD-Y) in the heel strike (LR),single plantar stance (SPS) and push-off (PS) phases of striding.Results The average COPD of the aged group was significantly longer than that of the youths.For both groups,the average COPD-X and COPD-Y deviations in SPS were significantly less than those in the LR and PS phases,with no significant difference between them.Compared with the youth group,the average COPD-X in the LR and PS phases and the average COPD-Y in the PS were significantly greater among the aged,but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the average COPD-X in SPS or in the average COPD-Y in the LR and SPS phases.Conclusions The average COPD,COPD-X and COPD-Y increase with age,indicating the higher risk of falling.The changes in each sub-phase of gait are different,but those in the LR and PS phases more reliably reflect stability.

Effects of backpack loads and positions on the variability of gait spatiotemporal parameters in young adults

Abstract Introduction: People carry backpacks of different weight in different positions every day. The effects of backpack wearing under different loads and positions were assessed according to the gait's spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in young adults. Methods Twenty-one subjects performed trials of 4 min in the conditions: control condition with no backpack; bilateral back load consisting of 10% body weight (BW); bilateral back load of 20% BW (B20); unilateral load of 10% BW; unilateral load with 20% BW (U20); bilateral frontal load with 10% BW; bilateral frontal load with 20% BW. Results Step length (SL) and step frequency (SF) show that frontal conditions differed from others as seen in B20. Gait cycle phases showed an increase in the B20 condition for double stance phase and stance phase, swing phase presented reduction in the B20 condition. There were significant main effects in position for SL, SF, and walk ratio, in load only for stride width. The highest variability of spatiotemporal parameters occurred in the U20 condition. All load conditions with 20% BW showed a greater variability when compared to the 10% BW counterpart. Conclusion We concluded that young adults can cope with up to a 15% BW load under a bilateral back position, but in the frontal position not even a 10% BW load was proven to be a safe limit. 20% BW loads should be avoided in any position. These recommendations may assure increased gait stability, decreased trunk forward lean and decreased muscle activation and fatigue reducing back pain occurrence.

Comparison of Trunk Strategy to Maintain Balance during the One-Leg Stance on a Medio-Lateral Ramp and an Anterior-Posterior Ramp

PURPOSE: This study examined two trunk strategies - medio-lateral ramp and anterior-posterior ram - and their effects on pelvis and trunk movements, providing basic material for safe ramp utilization. METHODS: The present study included 20 asymptomatic males recruited from a local university. Participants were asked to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart. Their dorsal side faced the camera, and measurements were performed while standing in a neutral double stance, one leg stance, 15° of medial and lateral ramp, and 15° of anterior and posterior ramp. Participants were allowed to practice for 3 minutes, and each participant had a 30 seconds rest between the two ramp conditions. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects the ramp conditions on spinal alignment. In all analyses, p<0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: The trunk-inclination angle on the posterior ramp was significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The trunk imbalance angle was significantly higher on the medial ramp, than that on the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic position and pelvic torsion angles were significantly higher in the medial, lateral, and anterior ramp positions than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). The pelvic rotation angles on the medial, lateral, and anterior ramps were significantly lower than that of the double stance position (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that when people are exposed to the same form of ramp for an extended period, posture modifications may be triggered.

The effects of stance width on static standing balance / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the effect of stance width on balance in static standing.Methods Thirty healthy young subjects were evaluated using the PRO-KIN balance training apparatus.They stood with their eyes open and closed in three stances:feet together,feet 50 cm apart,and feet a comfortable distance apart (measured as 18.63±3.67 cm between the heels and 29.60±4.93 cm between the toes).The excursions of the center of pressure (COP),the standard deviation of their longitudinal sway (SDLS),the standard deviation of their horizontal sway (SDHS),the mean longitudinal and horizontal sway velocities (MVLS and MVHS),sway length (SL) and sway area (SA) were recorded.Results With the eyes either open or closed,significant differences in all of the COP data were observed when standing in the different stances.The average SDHS,MVHS,SL and SA were all significantly better when standing comfortably than when standing with the feet 50cm apart whether the eyes were open or closed.Conclusion There is a proper distance between the feet where healthy youngsters best maintain static standing balance.

Effect of Power Grasping on Muscle Activity of Trunk during One Leg Stance

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of trunk muscle activity with power grasping during one leg stance. METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups, one that performed power grasping, and another that did not. An investigator measured the activities of a subject's trunk muscle such as internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), and gluteus medius (GM) while a subject was doing one leg stance. RESULTS: An independent t-test was used to analyze trunk muscle activities with power grasping during one leg stance between the experimental group and the control group. Only the EO activity differed significantly between groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that one leg stance with power grasping affected trunk muscle activity. Therefore, this is a useful method for providing lumbar spine stability.

Efectos del entrenamiento en superficies inestables sobre el equilibrio y funcionalidad en adultos mayores / Effect of training on an unstable balance and function in eldery people

OBJETIVO: determinar los efectos de un programa de ocho semanas de entrenamiento en superficies inestables con y sin trabajo de fuerza, sobre el equilibrio y la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores de 60 años, pertenecientes al programa "Escuelas populares del deporte" del INDER Medellín. METODOLOGIA: se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental simple, ciego y enmascarado con asignación al azar de 34 sujetos a dos grupos de intervención con y sin trabajo de fuerza sobre superficies inestables; se midió el equilibrio unipodal, bipodal con ojos abiertos y cerrados, además de pruebas funcionales como Up and Go, arm curl y chair test. RESULTADOS:las intervenciones con y sin trabajo de fuerza mejoraron el equilibrio total en 57,0 y 69,5 segundos respectivamente, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la comparación entre los grupos (p= 0,13). Se mejoró la velocidad de la marcha con ambas intervenciones sin diferencias intragrupos estadísticamente significativas (p= 0,33) pero importantes para la práctica. CONCLUSION: ambas intervenciones mejoran el equilibrio, sin embargo existen diferencias importantes para la práctica a favor del programa sobre superficies inestables sin trabajo de fuerza, pues la intervención tiene un mejor efecto sobre el equilibrio unipodal y bipodal tanto con ojos abiertos como con cerrados.

OBJECTIVE:to determine the effects of an eight-week training program on unstable surfaces with and without strength work regarding balance and functional capacity in adults over 60 who belong to the inder sport schools program in Medellín. METHODOLOGY: simple single-blind and masked experimental trials were conducted on 34 subjects who were randomly assigned to two intervention groups with and without strength work on unstable surfaces. Unipodal and bipodal balance was measured while the subjects' eyes were open and closed. In addition, functional tests such as Up and Go, Arm Curl and Chair Test were conducted. RESULTS : interventions with and without strength work improved total balance in 57.0 and 69.5 seconds respectively. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.33), nonetheless they were important. CONCLUSION: both interventions improve balance, however there are differences that are important in practice. These differences favor the program involving unstable surfaces without an unstable without strength work because the intervention has a better effect on unipodal and bipodal balance both with open and closed eyes.

The impaired activity of sensory afferent nerves in diabetes mellitus of rats in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the diabetic neuro-degeneration and its changes in neuroreaction to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion,by evaluation of the altera-tion of noxious thermal threshold and expression of substance P (SP),calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)in dorsal root ganglia in upper thoracic segments (T1-5 )in diabetic rats.Methods Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-200g,were randomly divided into control group (group C)and diabetic group (group DM),1 6 rats in each group.rats in DM group were fed with high sug-ar-fat diet for 14 weeks and were given streptozotocin (STZ,35 mg/mg,i.p.)at the end of the 4 th week,to set up diabetes experimental model.The animals in control group were fed with standard la-boratory diet.Tail flick latency to thermal stimulation was measured weekly.At the end of 10 weeks after administration of STZ,diabetic rats (and rats in control group)were further divided into myo-cardial ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR)and sham operation group (group Sham).The left an-terior descending branch of coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min,establishing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.The histological immunofluorescence assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)were carried out to evaluate the changes of the expres-sions of CGRP and SP in the dorsal root ganglia.Results The tail flick latency was significantly in-creased in group DM,compared to the group C (P < 0.01).The immunoreactive materials for CGRP and SP in the sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia of upper thoracic segments (T1-5 )were markedly declined in group DM (P <0.01 or P < 0.05).Furthermore,levels of SP and CGRP were signifi-cantly lower in the DRG of the group IR after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion,compared to that in the group sham (P <0.01).Conclusion Diabetes causes sensory denervation and obvious reduction of expression of SP and CGRP in the sensory neuron innervating heart during myocardial ischemia-reper-fusion,indicating impairment of adaptive reactivity of neuro-endocrine function of cardiac sensory nerves.

Surface Electromyography of Calf Muscle in Children with Growing Pains / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To compare the differences of electrical activity in calf muscle of children with growing pains from normal chil-dren when standing and heel raising. Methods 32 children with growing pains and foot pronation were as growing pains group, and 32 nor-mal children as control group. All the children were measure with surface electromyography (sEMG) of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior when standing and heel raising. Results The root mean square (RMS) of peroneus longus in-creased significantly in growing pains group when standing (P<0.01). The RMS decreased significantly in medial gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and increased significantly in tibialis posterior (P<0.01) when heel raising. Conclusion The characteristics of electrical activity in calf mus-cle is difference from the normal in the growing pains children with foot pronation during standing and heel raising.

Surface Electromyography of Calf Muscle in Children with Growing Pains / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To compare the differences of electrical activity in calf muscle of children with growing pains from normal children when standing and heel raising. Methods 32 children with growing pains and foot pronation were as growing pains group, and 32 normal children as control group. All the children were measure with surface electromyography (sEMG) of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior when standing and heel raising. Results The root mean square (RMS) of peroneus longus increased significantly in growing pains group when standing (P<0.01). The RMS decreased significantly in medial gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and increased significantly in tibialis posterior (P<0.01) when heel raising. Conclusion The characteristics of electrical activity in calf muscle is difference from the normal in the growing pains children with foot pronation during standing and heel raising.

The influence of heel height on gait of young females during stair descent / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects of heel heights on gait of young women when going downstairs, and analyze the injury risk of women wearing high-heeled shoes during stair descent. Methods The gait from 17 young women wearing shoes with 4 different heel heights during their stair descent was measured by infrared high-speed motion capture system. The subjects’temporal parameters of gait and 3D joint angles of lower extremity were calculated and analyzed. Results Compared with flat shoes, the gait cycle increased when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes during stair descent, and the stance phase proportion and double-support stance phase proportion decreased, while the step width also decreased evidently. For 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal plane would reduce significantly, and for all the 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the ankle ROM in transverse plane would increase during stair descent. Wearing 3 cm, 5 cm high-heeled shoes could make the knee ROM in the sagittal plane significantly reduce, while wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the knee ROM in the transverse plane would increase evidently. Wearing 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes, the maximum hip flexion angle was greater than that of wearing flat shoes, and the minimum hip flexion angle would be also greater when wearing 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm high-heeled shoes. Conclusions During stair descent, with the increase of heel heights, the gait cycle and swing phase proportion increase, while the stance phase proportion, double-support stance phase proportion and step width decrease, which will raise the risk of falling. Meanwhile, the knee and ankle ROMs in sagittal plane decrease gradually, while those in transverse plane come to increase. The research findings can help to further understand the influence of heel heights on gait characteristics and patterns during stair descent and provide reference for possible injury risk analysis.

The anatomical, surgical and orthopedic importance of gastrocnemius.

Gastrocnemius is one of the most important muscles of lower limb. It belongs to the superficial compartment of calf muscles. They belong to group of superficial flexors. Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus form the bulk of the calf. Gastrocnemius forms the belly of the calf. It arises by two distinct heads, connected to the condyles of the femur by strong, flat tendons. It has an immense anatomic, medical, orthopedic and physiological importance and is attributed in a variety of medical and surgical problems. A profound knowledge of this muscle is of great importance to any surgeon or orthopedicians or any clinician.

O enquadramento do aborto na mídia impressa brasileira nas eleições 2010: a exclusão da saúde pública do debate / The stance of abortion in the Brazilian printed media ahead of the 2010 presidential elections: the exclusion of public health from the debate

OBJETIVOS: o artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de monitoramento da mídia impressa brasileira para identificar as formas de enquadramento do tema do aborto durante o período de 6 de julho a 29 de outubro de 2010, período oficial da campanha eleitoral para a Presidência da República. METODOLOGIA: a partir do monitoramento de 28 veículos impressos de circulação nacional (jornais e revistas), a pesquisa recuperou 464 textos, dos quais 434 foram considerados válidos para o estudo, entre matérias, reportagens, notas, colunas de opinião, entrevistas e cartas de leitores. RESULTADOS: embora o aborto tenha sido amplamente citado na cobertura jornalística da mídia impressa brasileira durante a campanha eleitoral para a Presidência da República em 2010, em uma média de 4 textos publicados por dia, o enquadramento adotado para o tema não foi o da perspectiva da saúde pública. Dos 434 textos analisados, apenas 1 reportagem abordou explicitamente dados epidemiológicos relacionando o aborto à saúde da mulher. Nos demais textos, o agendamento do tema foi pautado mediante enquadramentos eleitorais associando-o à disputa dos candidatos pelos votos das comunidades religiosas e do eleitorado conservador.

OBJECTIVES: this article presents the results of research to monitor the Brazilian printed media in order to identify the stance of the abortion issue during the period from July 6 to October 29, 2010, which was the period of the official presidential campaign in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: based on the monitoring of 28 printed media vehicles (newspapers and magazines) with nationwide circulation, the research selected 464 texts, of which 434 were considered valid for the study. The media studied included stories, reports, notes, opinion columns, interviews and letters from readers. RESULTS: although abortion was widely mentioned in Brazilian news coverage of the presidential campaign in 2010, with an average of four texts published per day, the stance adopted for the issue was not from the standpoint of public health. Among the 434 texts analyzed, only one report explicitly addressed epidemiological data linking abortion to women's health. In the other texts, the positioning of abortion was guided by the electoral stance that associated it with the dispute for the votes of the religious communities and conservative voters.

El niño homicida: La estirpe de Caín. Un estudio psicoanalítico / The murder child: Cain’s lineage. A psychoan-alytical study / L’enfant meurtrier: la lignee de caïn. Une etude psychanalytique

El artículo, es el informe de una investigación realizada en la Universidad de Antioquia sobre el fenómeno que se ha producido en Colombia en los últimos años, según el cual muchachos cada vez más jóvenes se comprometen en actos homi-cidas, con los cuales establecen un circuito a repetición en el que matan y se hacen matar ante la mirada perpleja del sistema jurídico. La inves-tigación, sirviéndose del psicoanálisis, se propu-so, no solamente intentar explicar el circuito mor-tífero, sino además producir una propuesta de intervención en la cual sea posible escuchar estos jóvenes, darles un lugar en el dispositivo jurídico que, permitiéndoles hacerse responsable de su acto, logre allanar su camino hacia la muer-te y favorezca el restablecimiento del lazo social...

The article is the research report from the Univer-sity of Antioquia about phenomenon in Colombia the last years, according to which younger and younger boys come into murder acts, establishing a repetitive circuit where they kill and are killed before the perplexed gaze of the legal system. Using the psychoanalysis, the research proposes to try to explain the deadly circuit as well as to produce an intervention answer, making possible to listen these young people and giving them a place inside the legal device –also allowing them become responsible for their acts– that achieve to calm their rush towards the death, and offering the reestablishment of the social fabric...

Ceci est le rapport d’une recherche menée à l’Université d’Antioquia sur le phénomène produit en Colombie les dernières années, où des enfants de plus en plus jeunes s’engagent dans des meurtres, en établissant un circuit de répétition où ils tuent et se font tuer face au regard perplexe du système juridique. Cette recherche,, en se servant de la psychanalyse, s’est proposée non seulement de tenter d’expliquer le circuit meurtrier mais aussi de produire une proposition d’intervention où il soit possible d’écouter ces jeunes, de leur donner une place à l’intérieur du dispositif juridique qui, en leur permettant de se faire responsables de leurs actes, réussisse à surmonter leur chemin vers la mort, et soit favorable au rétablissement du lien social...

Mechanical evaluation of load distribution on human shoulder and dorsal muscles during traditional Chinese Gongfu stance / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the load distribution of muscles for those having long period stance training during traditional chinese Gongfu stance, and evaluate the effectiveness of such stance. Method Seven traditional Chinese Gongfu stance trainers and seven normal adults for the control were enrolled in the experiment. The sEMG (surface electromyography) signals of five muscles (brachioradialis, triceps brachii, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, triceps surae) were tested by Flexcomp Infiniti 10 channel sEMG collector. The value of IEMG (integral electromyography) were processed. Results With the increase of load, the ratio between deltoid IEMG and latissimus dorsi IEMG for the stance trained group stabilized in the range from (0.372±0.258) to (0.257±0.146), while that of the control was in the range from (1.313±0.698) to (0.800±0.405). Conclusions When the traditional Chinese Gongfu stance is processed with or without load, the trained group distributed major load on the dorsal muscle, while the control on the shoulder.

Comparison of Manual Balance and Balance Board Tests in Healthy Adults

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlations of scores on the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Single Leg Stance (SLS) test with stability scores on the Biodex Balance System (BBS) in healthy adults. METHOD: The postural balance of 73 participants was measured on the TUG and SLS tests and with the Overall Stability Index (OSI) on the BBS. The participants were divided into groups by age and by times on the TUG and SLS. The correlations between TUG or SLS and OSI scores were analyzed by groups. RESULTS: TUG scores were significantly correlated with OSI scores in age under 65 years, TUG over 10 seconds and SLS over 30 seconds groups (level 12). TUG scores were also correlated with OSI in total (level 10) and TUG under 10 seconds groups (level 2). However, there were no significant relationships between SLS and OSI scores. CONCLUSION: OSI scores on the BBS are significantly correlated with TUG scores, especially at the easy levels. According to the findings of present study, relatively easy BBS levels are considered to assess the postural balance in healthy adults.

The Effects of Physical Factors on Anteroposterior, Intersidal Weight-Bearing Pattern and Stance Phase in Normal Adults

OBJECTIVE: To determine if physical factors (age, sex, weight, foot length) affected anteroposterior and intersidal weight- bearing pattern on footplate in standing posture and duration of stance phase at walking. METHOD: Participants were 578 healthy adults (250 men, 328 women). All participants were tested by Gaitview? (Alfoots, Seoul, Korea) which measure anteroposterior, intersidal weight-bearing pattern on foot plate and duration of stance phase at walking. Measurements were analyzed to find any relations among physical factors (age, sex, weight, foot length), anteorposterior, intersidal weight-bearing pattern and stance phase. RESULTS: The age, weight, foot length had no specific relations to anteroposterior weight-bearing pattern (r0.4, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between sex and anteroposteior weight-bearing pattern. And there was a positive relation between age and stance, midstance phase.

The Usefulness of Maximal Step Length to Predict Annual Fall Risk

BACKGROUND: Many clinical measures have been used to assess fall risk in elderly adults. The first objective of this study was to assess the clinical availability of maximal step length (MSL) as a measurement predicting falling probability in future. The second objective of this study was to try to find out how to use MSL more easily in a clinical setting. METHODS: The study population consisted of 50 community-dwelling people (> or =60 yrs). Demographic data were reviewed by self-recorded questionnaire and MSL, US and TUG had been done when the subjects visited a clinic in March and April 2004. They revisited the clinic after one year and information of fall incidence was obtained and their visual acuity was examined. To examine the association between many performance tests (MSL Unipedal stance, Timed up and go) and their real falling after tests, we analysed data by Mann-Whitney rank Test, pearson correlation and multiple regression. RESULTS: The average MSL predicted future falling (P-value 0.025), but Unipedal stance, Timed up and go did not. The predicting ability of MSL was preserved using many MSL measures (average MSL corrected by leg length and height, one direction measure among six directions of MSL, and average of left and right three directions of MSL). CONCLUSION: This study showed that MSL had the ability to predict elderly adults' falling in future. And this study showed that MSL can be used more easily in a clinical setting.