Urgencias estomatológicas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Policlínico 2 de Manzanillo / Stomatological emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Polyclinic 2 of Manzanillo / Emergências estomatológicas durante a pandemia COVID-19. Policlínica 2 de Manzanillo

RESUMEN La caries dental y sus complicaciones, las afecciones del periodonto y los procesos infecciosos post-extracción constituyen las causas más comunes por lo que los pacientes asisten a los servicios de urgencia estomatológica. Estudiar su incidencia y los recursos que demandan sus tratamientos es necesario para organizar los servicios estomatológicos. Identificar las urgencias estomatológicas de acuerdo a las causas que lo originan en el Policlínico 2 de Manzanillo entre abril y septiembre de 2020, durante la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19, ha sido el objetivo de nuestro trabajo. Utilizamos el método de estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes que acudieron por urgencia a los servicios estomatológicos del policlínico 2 de Manzanillo entre los meses abril a septiembre del 2020. El universo estuvo constituido por 709 pacientes. El mes de mayor afluencia de urgencias estomatológicas fue mayo con 254 pacientes, predominando entre ellos el sexo femenino con 51,9%, mientras que la caries dental y sus complicaciones fue la causa por la que más acudieron los pacientes, con un 82,5%. De las enfermedades pulpares fue la hiperemia pulparla que predominó con 361 pacientes para un 61,7%, y de las enfermedades periapicales fue el absceso alveolar con102 casos, para un 17,4%. Durante la COVID-19 los servicios estomatológicos mantuvieron su vitalidad a través de las consultas de urgencias estomatológicas, la caries dental y las afecciones del periodonto fueron las enfermedades de mayor incidencia, siendo la hiperemiapulpar la que predomino dentro de la patología pulpar y el absceso alveolar agudo dentro de la periapical.

ABSTRACT Tooth decay and its complications, periodontal conditions and post-extraction infectious processes are the most common causes so patients attend stomatological emergency services. Studying their incidence and the resources demanded by their treatments is necessary to organize stomatological services. Identifying the stomatological emergencies according to the causes that originate it in the Polyclinic 2 of Manzanillo between April and September 2020, during the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19, has been the objective of our work. We used the cross-sectional descriptive study method in patients who went to the stomatological services of polyclinic 2 in Manzanillo for emergencies between April and September 2020. The universe consisted of 709 patients. The month of greatest influx of stomatological emergencies was May with 254 patients, predominating among them the female sex with 51.9%, while dental caries and its complications was the cause for which more patients attended, with 82.5%. Of the pulp diseases, pulp hyperemia predominated with 361 patients for 61.7%, and of the periapical diseases it was the alveolar abscess with 102 cases, for 17.4%. During COVID-19, stomatological services maintained their vitality through stomatological emergency consultations, dental caries and periodontal conditions were the diseases with the highest incidence, with pulp hyperemia being the one that predominated within the pulp pathology and acute alveolar abscess within the periapical.

RESUMO A cárie dentária e suas complicações, condições periodontais e processos infecciosos pós-extração são as causas mais comuns para que os pacientes frequentem serviços de emergência estomatológicas. Estudar sua incidência e os recursos exigidos por seus tratamentos é necessário para a organização de serviços estomatológicos. Identificar as emergências estomatológicas de acordo com as causas que a originam na Policlínica 2 de Manzanillo entre abril e setembro de 2020, durante a situação epidemiológica causada pelo COVID-19, tem sido o objetivo do nosso trabalho. Utilizou-se o método de estudo transversal descritivo em pacientes que foram aos serviços estomatológicos da policlínica 2 em Manzanillo para emergências entre abril e setembro de 2020.O universo era composto por 709 pacientes. O mês de maior fluxo de emergências estomatológicas foi maio com 254 pacientes, predominando entre eles o sexo feminino com 51,9%, en quanto a cárie dentária e suas complicações foi a causa para a qual mais pacientes compareceram, com 82,5%. Das doenças da polpa, a hiperemia da polpa predominou com 361 pacientes para 61,7%, e das doenças periapical foi o abscesso alveolar com 102 casos, para 17,4%. Durante o COVID-19, os serviços estomatológicos mantiveram sua vitalidade por meio de consultas de emergência estomática, cárie dentária e condições periodontais foram as doenças com maior incidência, sendo a hiperemia da polpa aquela que predominou dentro da patologia da polpa e abscesso alveolar agudo dentro do periapical.

Atención estomatológica integral a niños con trastorno del espectro autista / Comprehensive dental care for children with autism spectrum disorder

RESUMEN Introducción: los trastornos del espectro autista consisten en un grupo de discapacidades del desarrollo nervioso que afecta la interacción social. El niño autista se considera un paciente especial en Estomatología. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención estomatológica en niños autistas, de la escuela especial "Héroes del Moncada" del municipio Camagüey, de septiembre 2018 a junio 2019. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, antes-después sin grupo control, de septiembre 2018 a junio 2019. El universo y la muestra coincidieron con 26 pacientes, matrícula total de la escuela especial. Se estudiaron variables: tipos de enfermedades bucodentales, factores de riesgo, clasificación epidemiológica, índice COP-D. Se diseñó un protocolo de actuación escalonada, reforzado por técnicas de modificación de la conducta para la familiarización, el acondicionamiento y las posteriores acciones curativas. Resultados: se observó la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal (80,8 %) y caries dental (57,7 %), cifras que disminuyeron a 15,4 % y 7,7 % después de la intervención. Existió una frecuencia elevada de anomalías dento-maxilo-faciales (61,5 %), tributarias al segundo nivel de atención. El 96,2 % de los pacientes presentaron una mala higiene bucal y presencia de placa dentobacteriana (PDB), lo cual disminuyó notablemente (26,9 % para ambas variables) una vez tratados. Conclusiones: la intervención estomatológica desarrollada fue efectiva y aplicable, con un aporte educativo, preventivo-curativo y social. Desarrolló en los niños con TEA, hábitos correctos y conocimientos básicos de higiene bucal. Se redujeron las afecciones bucales, se garantizó el seguimiento y evolución a través de nexos afectivos que se establecieron.

ABSTRACT Introduction: autism spectrum disorders consist of a group of neuro-developmental disabilities that affect social interaction. The autistic child is considered a special patient in dentistry. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a dentistry intervention in autistic children, from Heroes del Moncada Special School in Camagüey municipality, September 2018 to June 2019. Methods: a quasi-experimental study was conducted, before-after without control group from September 2018 to June 2019.The target group and the sample matched (26 patients), the total registration of the special school. The variables studied were: types of oral diseases, risk factors, epidemiological classification, and DMFT index. A stepwise action protocol was designed, reinforced by behavior modification techniques for familiarization, conditioning and subsequent healing actions. Results: the prevalence of periodontal disease (80,8 %) and dental caries (57,7 %) was observed, figures that decreased to 15,4 % and 7,7 % respectively after the intervention. There was a high frequency of dento-maxillofacial anomalies (61,5 %), responding to the second level of care. The 96,2 % of patients presented poor oral hygiene and presence of dentobacterial plaque (DBP), which decreased significantly (26,9 % for both variables) after treatment. Conclusions: the dentistry intervention developed was effective and applicable, with an educational, preventive-healing and social contribution. It developed correct habits and basic knowledge of oral hygiene in children with ASD. Oral disorders were reduced and follow-up along with evolution were guaranteed all through the affective bonds developed.

Labor docente asistencial de los profesionales de la estomatología en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 / Assistance teaching work of the stomatology professionals in the confrontation to COVID-19

Introducción: La COVID-19 es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, de ahí que, específicamente en el caso de la estomatología, deben tomarse las medidas de bioseguridad imprescindibles para preservar la salud del personal médico y de los pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la labor docente asistencial de los profesionales de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba durante la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con recolección retrospectiva de la información entre marzo de 2020 y septiembre de 2021. Resultados: En la labor docente, de un total de 75 estudiantes de pregrado promovieron 41 en el examen estatal y 24 de posgrado; también cambiaron de categorías, tanto científica como docente, 15 profesores. En la labor asistencial predominaron las consultas de urgencias en los tres períodos (62,5 %), seguidas de las especializadas (28,5 %). Conclusiones: La labor docente asistencial en las diferentes etapas de la epidemia se caracterizó por alcanzar las diferentes promociones en los estudios de pregrado y de posgrado, así como por la atención a pacientes con urgencias estomatológicas, fundamentalmente provenientes de otras áreas de salud, siempre con las exigencias y el control sobre el cumplimiento del plan de medidas de bioseguridad.

Introduction: The COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that is why, specifically in the case of stomatology, the indispensable biosecurity measures should be taken to preserve the health of the medical personnel and patients. Objective: To characterize the assistance teaching work of health professionals in Mártires del Moncada Provincial Teaching Stomatological Clinic from Santiago de Cuba during the COVID-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with retrospective collection of the information between March, 2020 and September, 2021. Results: In the teaching work, from a total of 75 pregraduate degree students promoted 41 in the state exam and 24 of postgraduate degree students; also 15 professors changed categories, either scientific or teaching. In the assistance work the urgencies visits prevailed in the three periods (62.5 %), followed by the specialized visits (28.5 %). Conclusions: The assistance teaching work in the different stages of the epidemic was characterized to achieve the different promotions in the pregraduate degree and postgraduate degree studies, as well as for the care to patients with stomatological emergencies, fundamentally coming from other health areas, always with the demands and control on the fulfillment of the biosecurity measures plan.

Discussion and analysis on the necessity of setting up the training system of stomatological clinical pharmacist / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, there is still no stomatology specialty in the training system of clinical pharmacists in China and the relevant research is still blank. The development of stomatological clinical pharmacy is also slow due to the lack of clinical pharmacists. By analyzing the national oral health policies, the characteristics of oral diseases and the clinical needs of stomatology, this paper provides theoretical basis for the setting of clinical pharmacist training specialty of stomatology specialty in China. This paper also makes a preliminary discussion on the construction of the training system of clinical pharmacists in the specialty of stomatology, so as to provide advice and references for the design and specific plan of the training system in the specialty of stomatology.

Necesidad social de atención estomatológica al adulto mayor con dismovilidad / Social need of stomatological attention to the senior citizen with dysmobility

RESUMEN Como consecuencia del alargamiento de la vida, aumenta también el número de adultos con discapacidades y enfermedades crónicas degenerativas, que pueden causarlas. El objetivo de esta revisión es conducir un análisis de las evidencias disponibles sobre la importancia de la atención estomatológica al paciente geriátrico con dismovilidad. Se tuvo en cuenta las características del adulto mayor dependiente, la atención domiciliaria como actividad asistencial y la atención odontológica domiciliaria que arrojó como conclusiones que para garantizar una buena salud bucodental de los adultos mayores con dismovilidad, se requiere de una correcta valoración geriátrica y un trabajo en equipo donde los estomatólogos juegan un papel importante ya que la atención estomatológica demanda de una asistencia odontológica domiciliaria provista de los elementos necesarios para su funcionamiento.

ABSTRACT As a result of the lengthening of life, the number of adults with disabilities and chronic degenerative diseases, which can cause them, also increases. The objective of this review is to conduct an analysis of available evidence on the importance of stomatological care to the geriatric patient with dysmobility. The characteristics of the dependent elderly were taken into account, the home care as a health care activity and the home dental care that was given as conclusions to ensure good oral health in the elderly with dismobility, proper geriatric assessment and teamwork are required where stomatologists play an important role as stomatological care requires home dental care provided with the necessary elements for its operation.

Integración de tres especialidades estomatológicas en el tratamiento protésico / Integration of three stomatological specialties in the prosthetic treatment

Los implantes dentales son una opción de restauración estética, funcional y armónica, cuya tasa de éxito es superior a 95 %. Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente de 24 años de edad, atendida en la consulta de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, quien fue remitida desde el Servicio de Prótesis Estomatológica, con el fin de lograr el espacio adecuado para colocarle un implante, pues desde los 12 años de edad aproximadamente había perdido un diente a causa de caries. La restauración protésica mediante el implante dental proporcionó un excelente resultado.

Dental implants are an option of cosmetic, functional and harmonic repairs whose rate of success is higher than 95 %. The case report of a 24 years patient is presented. She was assisted in the Orthodontics Service of Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba and was referred from the Stomatological Prosthesis Service, with the purpose of achieving the appropriate space to place an implant, because she had lost a tooth due to dental decay since she was approximately 12 years. The prosthetic repair by means of dental implant provided an excellent result.

The mechanism of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and its application in stomatological diseases / 口腔疾病防治

@#Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are both classic 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs with similar chemical structures and mechanisms of action. As the toxicity and side effects of hydroxychloroquine are lower than those of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine is the main clinical application at present, with good efficacy and safety. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are widely used in the clinic because of their immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor and photoprotective effects. The main mechanisms by which chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine inhibits immunity include inhibiting lysosome activity, autophagy, immune response signaling pathways production of proinflammatory cytokines. Chloroquine stabilizes the lysosomal membrane and reduces the release of lysosomal enzymes. As a prostaglandin antagonist, chloroquine can reduce the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, thus playing an anti-inflammatory role. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine can inhibit virus proliferation in the early stage of virus replication by inhibiting the glycosylation of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. At present, hydroxychloroquine has been found to have significant efficacy in discoid lupus erythematosus, oral lichen planus, chronic cheilitis, pemphigus foliaceus, Sjögren’s syndrome and other stomatological diseases. However, eye damage is the most important adverse reaction of hydroxychloroquine, and its occurrence is related to the cumulative dose of drugs.

Application effect evaluation of mind mapping in experimental teaching of complete denture for undergraduates of stomatological technology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of mind mapping in the experimental teaching of complete denture for the undergraduates of stomatological technology.Methods:In this study, the undergraduates of stomatological technology in Chongqing Medical University were divided into three groups. They were taught with traditional experimental teaching of complete denture, mind mapping teaching and modified mind mapping teaching respectively. The students' mastery degree were evaluated by experiment examination, theoretical examination and comprehensive examination (a weight to experiment and theoretical examination). SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results:The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in experimental examination ( F=99.471, P<0.001) and comprehensive examination ( F=22.909, P<0.001). Dunnett T3 analysis found that the comprehensive examination score of mind mapping group and modified mind mapping group were significantly improved than that of the traditional experimental group ( P<0.001). Conclusion:For the undergraduates who lack of clinical experience, mind mapping can effectively improve students' understanding and mastery of relevant knowledge in complete denture making.

Emergency management of prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in departments of stomatology / 中华口腔医学杂志

Complying with overall requirements of the government and regulations on public health emergences, as well as the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment of dental illness, this paper refers to previous guidelines and studies on the infection prevention and control in dental diagnosis and treatment in China and foreign countries. Nanjing Stomatological Hospital has implemented the emergency management practices for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), mainly focusing on the implementation of prevention and control training programs for medical staffs and the infection control projects on the hospital environment. This study could provide reference for rapid response and emergency management for the prevention and control of NCP in the departments of stomatology.

The prevention and control of a new coronavirus infection in department of stomatology / 中华口腔医学杂志

During a short period of time, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP), was first reported in China, spreading to 24 countries and regions rapidly. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners. It's more urgent to implement strict and efficient infection control protocols. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of NCP and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in department of stomatology under current circumstance..

The prevention and control of a new coronavirus infection in department of stomatology / 中华口腔医学杂志

During a short period of time, the outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, named Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP), was first reported in China, spreading to 24 countries and regions rapidly. The number of confirmed cases and deaths continued to rise. World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Efficient infection control can prevent the virus from further spreading, which makes the epidemic situation under control. Due to the specialty of oral healthcare settings, the risk of cross infection is severe among patients and oral healthcare practitioners. It's more urgent to implement strict and efficient infection control protocols. This paper, based on existing guidelines and published researches pertinent to dental infection-control principles and practices, mainly discusses epidemiological characteristics of NCP and the features of nosocomial infection in oral healthcare settings, and furthermore provides recommendations on patient's evaluation, and infection control protocols in department of stomatology under current circumstance..

Atención estomatológica a pacientes en protocolo para trasplante de órgano / Stomatological care for patients with organ transplantation protocol

El trasplante es el reemplazo con propósitos terapéuticos de órganos, tejidos, material celular para un humano, donado usualmente de otro humano vivo o muerto. En recientes años, el trasplante de órganos se ha desarrollado por la tecnología quirúrgica médica y los medicamentos inmunosupresores. Debido a la frecuencia de trasplantes que se realizan, es común atender a pacientes trasplantados en el consultorio dental para recibir tratamiento estomatológico. Objetivo: Revisión de literatura con respecto a las manifestaciones bucales en pacientes trasplantados y el tratamiento estomatológico antes y después del trasplante. Material y métodos: Se revisaron artículos de la literatura que se obtuvieron de la base de datos de PubMed y MedLine. Resultados y conclusión: Describimos las manifestaciones bucales más comunes debido a los medicamentos en pacientes trasplantados (infecciones virales, bacterianas, fúngicas, alteraciones gingivales y xerostomía); además del tratamiento estomatológico que deben recibir los pacientes trasplantados antes y después de ser trasplantado (AU)

Transplantation is the replacement for therapeutic purposes of organs, tissues, cellular material for a human, usually donated from another living or dead human. In recent years organ transplantation has been developed by medical surgical technology and immunosuppressive drugs. Due to the frequency of transplants that are performed it is common to treat transplant patients in the dental office to receive stomatological treatment. Objective: Review of literature regarding oral manifestations in transplant patients and stomatological treatment before and after transplantation. Material and methods: Literature articles that were obtained from the PubMed and MedLine databases were reviewed. Results and conclusion: We describe the most common oral manifestations due to drugs in transplant patients (viral, bacterial, fungal infections, gingival alterations, xerostomia, and the stomatological treatment that transplant patients should receive before and after being transplanted (AU)

Research progress on occupational exposure and protection from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in stomatological departments / 华西口腔医学杂志

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The disease is highly infectious, quickly spreads, and has a high fatality rate. Hence, it is a major concern in public health, and an important subject in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The medical staff of stomatological departments, which handle the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, are at particularly high risk of occupational exposure to HIV/AIDS. This study summarizes the HIV/AIDS epidemic status, disease transmission routes, oral lesions in HIV/AIDS patients, occupational exposure, and occupational protection in stomatological departments.

Present application analysis of social media by tertiary stomatological hospitals in China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze the use of social media at 60 tertiary stomatological hospitals in China, for references of operational management and development of these hospitals. Methods Web crawler technology was used to collect information of 60 stomatological hospitals, covering the number of treatment chairs, staff headcount and annual outpatients. The study also covered the Wechat official account information( when it was openly accessible, menu bar function and original articles), and the WeChat official account information( WCI value, total Pviews of articles, number of thumbs up, and top ten high-frequency words)as found in gsdata. cn, and Sina Weibo information( when it was openly assessable, latest release time, total Weibo accounts, number of online attentions, number of fans, number of forwards, number of comments, number of thumbs up, and Weibo texts), as well as information on Haodaifu website (total visits, patients served, and doctors having their own personal websites). These information were subject to descriptive and quantitative analysis. Results 98.3% ( 59/60 ) of the hospitals possess one account at least, the usage rate of WeChat (58/60, 96.7% ) and Haodaifu online (56/60, 93.3% ) are significantly higher than Sina Weibo ( 26/60, 43.3% ), with regional differences existing. Appointment registrations are the main function of the menu bar of WeChat. Obvious difference is found among operation effects of Sina Weibo, as only 13 hospitals are still in good maintenance of their accounts. High relevance is also found between Haodaifu website and the two other social media platforms. Conclusions Hospital scale has a huge impact on the use of social media. Stomatological hospitals in China should highlight their own characteristics based on their strength, focus on their operation and management to improve the utilization rate, and pay attention to the relevance between various platforms.

Efectividad de la tintura de propóleos al 10 % en pacientes con estomatitis subprótesis / Effectiveness of 10 % propolis tinction in patients with subprosthesis stomatitis

Se efectuó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 50 pacientes con estomatitis subprótesis, quienes acudieron a la consulta de prótesis de la Clínica Estomatológica Ramón Guevara Montano de Baracoa, provincia de Guantánamo, desde abril del 2015 hasta junio del 2016, con vistas a determinar la efectividad del tratamiento con tintura de propóleos al 10 por ciento en los afectados. Se conformaron 2 grupos: uno de estudio (A) y otro de control (B), con 25 integrantes cada uno; el primero fue tratado con propóleos y el segundo con medicina alopática (nistatina en suspensión). La evaluación se realizó a los 4, 8 y 12 días. Al finalizar la terapia se observó que en 100,0 por ciento de los pacientes del grupo A se eliminó la lesión; por tanto, esta alternativa terapéutica resultó efectiva. Se recomendó extender dicha aplicación a otras afecciones bucales.

A study of therapeutic intervention was carried out in 50 patients with subprosthesis stomatitis who went to the Prosthesis department of "Ramón Guevara Montano" Stomatological Clinic in Baracoa, Guantánamo province, from April, 2015 to June, 2016, aimed at determining the effectiveness of the treatment with 10 percent propolis tinction in the affected patients. Two groups were formed: a study group (A) and a control group (B), with 25 members each; the first one was treated with propolis tinction and the second with allopathic medicine (nystatin in suspension). The evaluation was carried out at 4.8 and 12 days. When concluding the therapy it was observed that in 100.0 percent of the patients of the group A the lesion was eliminated; therefore, this therapeutic alternative was effective. It was recommended to extend this procedure to other oral disorders.

Adaptación y validación de un instrumento con la metodología SERVQUAL en clínicas de docencia y servicios estomatológicos / Adaptation and validation of an instrument with SERVQUAL methodology in teaching clinics and stomatological services

Resumen: Objetivo: Adaptar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la calidad, en las clínicas de docencia y Servicio de Estomatología con la metodología SERVQUAL. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y prospectivo validado con una alfa de Cronbach. Se diseñó un instrumento con la metodología de SERVQUAL de Parasuraman, Zeithaml y Berry (P, Z y B) aplicándose a una muestra aleatoria estratificada constituida por 400 pacientes de las clínicas de docencia y servicio de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Para su elaboración se tomaron en cuenta las cinco dimensiones propuestas por los autores: tangibilidad, fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía. Resultados: El instrumento reportó una validez clasificable como excelente de acuerdo (criterios de George y Mallery) con un valor alfa de Cronbach de 0.967 para la primera parte del instrumento correspondiente a «expectativas¼ y la segunda parte correspondiente a «percepciones¼ con 0.923. Discusión: Derivado de la validación a través del análisis factorial y los altos índices obtenidos con el índice del alfa de Cronbach ambas partes del instrumento permanecieron sin cambio. Conclusiones: En los servicios de salud existen un gran número de instrumentos validados para identificar el grado de satisfacción, sin embargo, cada instrumento debe identificar y ubicar en cada una de las dimensiones del modelo seleccionando los procesos realizados en los servicios a evaluar para obtener resultados objetivos. La confiablidad, validez y aplicabilidad del instrumento cumplió con esas expectativas.

Abstract: Objective: Adaptation and validation of an instrument designed to evaluate quality in teaching clinics and stomatological services with SERVQUAL methodology. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational and prospective study validated with alpha Cronbach coefficient. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (P, Z and B) designed an instrument with SERVQUAL methodology; it was applied to a stratified, randomized sample composed of 400 patients coming from teaching clinics and services of the Emeritum Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP). For manufacture of said sample the following five dimensions proposed by authors were taken into account: tangibility, reliability, response capacity, security and empathy. Results: Instrument reported validity classifiable as excellent, according to an 0.967 alpha Cronbach value for the first part of the instrument corresponding to «expectations¼, the second part corresponding to «perceptions¼ rated 0.923. Discussion: Derived from validation through factorial analysis and high indexes obtained with alpha Cronbach index, both parts of the instrument remained without changes. Conclusions: Within the sphere of health services there is a great number of instruments validated to identify the level of satisfaction, nevertheless, each instrument must identify and locate within the dimensions of the selected model processes conducted in services to be evaluated, in order to obtain objective results. Reliability, validity and applicability of the instrument met with aforementioned expectations.

El traumatismo dental como urgencia estomatológica: a stomatologic emergency / Dental trauma

Introducción: los traumatismos dento-alveolares son lesiones producidas en dientes, huesos y demás tejidos de sostén, por un impacto físico en su contra. Deben considerarse, siempre, urgencias estomatológicas. Objetivo: caracterizar los traumatismos dentales en estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria William Aguilera, San Andrés, en el año 2016. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, de un universo de 391 estudiantes, con una muestra intencionada de 46 alumnos con traumatismos dentales, en edades de 6 a 11 años. Se les efectuó examen clínico e interrogatorio. Se recogió información de interés en formulario. Un grupo de variables fueron estudiadas y procesadas, a través del análisis porcentual, resultados que fueron presentados en tablas. Resultados: los traumatismos dentarios tuvieron una frecuencia de 39,13%, en el rango de 6 a 7 años, donde predominó el sexo masculino con 69,57%. El traumatismo dentario más frecuente fue la fractura no complicada de corona con 54,34%. El 45,65% nunca recibió tratamiento postrauma, y el 23,80% presentó discromía, como secuela del traumatismo. Conclusiones: los traumatismos dentarios y las fracturas no complicadas de corona, aparecieron, con frecuencia, en escolares del sexo masculino. La discromia resultó el hallazgo clínico más detectado en estos pacientes. La mayoría de los pacientes no recibieron tratamiento después del trauma dental.

Introduction: dental traumatisms appear in teeth, bones, and other support tissues, as a result of physical impact. They must be always treated like stomatologic emergencies. Objective: to characterize dental trauma in students from William Aguilera elementary school. San Andrés, Holguín, 2016. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with a universe of 391 students, of the elementary school William Aguilera, San Andres, Holguin, 2016. From 6 to 11 years old, forty-six students showed some dental trauma. Oral examination and medical search was performed. Data collecting was developed by the authors. The group of variables were studied and processed by percentage analysis. The results were showed in tables. Results: dentals traumas were frequent on ages 6 to 7, at 39.13%. Males prevailed with 69.57%. The most common traumatic lesion was the non-complicated crown fracture, with 54.34%. A 23.80 showed dental discromia. The 45.65 % were not treated after trauma. Conclusions: dental trauma was higher in males. Non-complicated crown fracture was prevalent. Most of patients with dental trauma were not under treatment after lesion, and the most detected not treated clinic sing, was discromia.

Benefits analysis on government funded overseas study for stomatological doctors:an example of Peking University School of Stomatology / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The purpose of this analysis is that it helps to set an example to adopting policies to nourish Government Funded Overseas Study for doctors and improving management by way of analyzing the benefits of going abroad for further study for these dentists.Methods To take 108 dentists who go through Government Funded Overseas Study for doctors from Peking University School of Stomatology for one by adopting the ways of questionnaire and in-depth interview,we undertake the analysis of benefits of overseas study from the perspectives of the time of their staying abroad and being back to the motherland.Results We find that doctors perform much better in aspect of cognition,attitude,research,medical skills and international communication and cooperation,especially their cognition and research ability.Conclusions We can draw the conclusion overseas study for doctors is an effective way of smoothing the future path of individual career,improving the medical quality and researching as well as internationalizing.Only by playing their leading role and carrying out overall planning plus some stimulating measures,hospitals can reach their maximum benefits in using the resources available.

Application of the triage and acuity scale in the emergency department of stomatological hospital / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#This study aims to explore the effect of practice on the triage and acuity scale in the emergency department of Stomatological Hospital. @*Methods @#150 emergency patients admitted to the emergency department from April 2016 to July 2016 were randomly selected as the control group before the implementation of graded district diagnosis and treatment, and 150 emergency patients admitted from August 2016 to November 2016 were selected as the observation group after the implementation of graded diagnosis and treatment. The control group was treated with the traditional nursing treatment mode, and the observation group adopted the triage and acuity scale mode. The efficiency of treatment for the patients and the degree of satisfaction of the patients in terms of the nursing work was compared between the two groups (waiting time, checkup time, start treatment time). @*Results@#A comparison of the patients in the observation group and control group showed that the waiting time (min)(25.63 ± 8.75 vs. 35.57 ± 10.60, t = -8.52, P < 0.001), the time of accepting examination (min)(24.80 ± 7.90 vs. 39.23 ± 12.42, t = -12.01, P < 0.001) and the starting time of treatment （min）(28.67 ± 9.37 vs. 40.47 ± 10.86, t = -10.08, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). The degree of satisfaction with the nursing work for the patients in the observation group (96.67%) was higher than that of the control group (85.33%), and this difference was statistically significant (χ2=17.647, P=0.001). @*Conclusion@#The application of a triage and acuity scale in the diagnosis and treatment of stomatological emergency patients according to the severity and urgency of disease can ensure the priority of treatment in critically ill patients, the safe and efficient performance of emergency work, and improvements to the efficiency and quality of emergency medical services.

Rational use of first-aid medicine in dental clinic / 口腔疾病防治

@#First-aid medicine is indispensable in emergency treatments, and the rational use of first-aid medicine is directly related to efficacy. Oral treatment seems to be simple, but there are still many potential risks with different levels. Therefore, the rational use of first-aid medicine is related to the patient’s life. First-aid drugs that are commonly used in oral practice include anti-shock vasoactive drugs, anti-heart failure drugs, anti-arrhythmia drugs, anti-angina drugs, glucocorticoids, anti-allergy drugs, electrolytes and acid-base balance regulators. This article summarizes the indications, usages, common adverse reactions and cautions of emergency medicine in the oral clinic. Additionally, the rational usage of first-aid medicine in the dental clinic is discussed. This work is expected to provide some suggestions for the reasonable use of emergency medicine in domestic dental clinics.