Résumé
O presente ensaio discute alguns aspectos da integração entre subcampos da Saúde Coletiva, buscando identificar obstáculos e possibilidades a esse respeito. Faz uma breve análise sobre o surgimento e o desenvolvimento dos subcampos na Saúde Coletiva e reúne indicações sobre movimentos voltados para a integração entre as áreas, bem como as suas diversas disputas. Sumariza proposições teóricas e iniciativas práticas voltadas para a interdisciplinaridade, como também desenvolvimentos teórico-conceituais. Apoiado na sociologia de Bourdieu, formula uma hipótese segundo a qual, à semelhança dos demais campos sociais, os subcampos da Saúde Coletiva se constituíram como microcosmos autônomos em que as disputas de fronteiras dominam e têm suas raízes em processos históricos e sociais. Ademais, adicionam-se os obstáculos relacionados com a incorporação do conhecimento especializado e a aquisição de habitus dos subcampos. Este ensaio discute ainda as possibilidades da integração como produto de processos coletivos ao interior da Saúde Coletiva.(AU)
This essay discusses aspects of integration between public health subfields, highlighting obstacles and possibilities. We present a brief analysis of the emergence and development of public health subfields, focusing on movements geared towards the integration of areas and the various disputes within these areas. We outline theoretical propositions and practical initiatives oriented towards interdisciplinarity and underline theoretical and conceptual developments. Drawing on Bourdieu's sociology, we propose that, like other social fields, public health subfields constitute autonomous microcosms rooted in historical and social processes dominated by boundary disputes. In addition to the above, we highlight obstacles related to the incorporation of specialist knowledge and the acquisition of habitus by the subfields. Finally, we discuss possibilities of integration as a product of collective processes within the field of public health.(AU)
El presente ensayo discute algunos aspectos de la integración entre subcampos de la Salud Colectiva buscando la identificación de obstáculos y posibilidades en ese sentido. Hace un breve análisis sobre el surgimiento y desarrollo de los subcampos en la Salud Colectiva, reuniendo indicaciones sobre movimientos enfocados en la integración entre las áreas, así como sus diversas disputas. Resume proposiciones teóricas e iniciativas prácticas enfocadas en la interdisciplinaridad, así como desarrollos teórico-conceptuales. Apoyado en la sociología de Burdieu, formula una hipótesis según la cual, a semejanza de los demás campos sociales, los subcampos de la Salud Colectiva se constituyeron como microcosmos autónomos en donde las disputas de fronteras dominan y tienen sus raíces en procesos históricos y sociales. Además, se adicionan los obstáculos relacionados con la incorporación del conocimiento especializado y adquisición de habitus de los subcampos. Discute las posibilidades de la integración como producto de procesos colectivos en el interior de la Salud Colectiva.(AU)
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Development of tissue engineering is of great social and economic significance. Understanding the basic research strength of China in the main subfields of tissue engineering can provide reference for the optimization of resources allocation and for the formulation of corresponding development strategies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the basic research strength of China in the main subfields of tissue engineering. METHODS: PubMed was searched for basic research and top basic research articles in the subfields of tissue engineering (including bone and cartilage, nerve, blood vessel, liver, skin, heart, and eye tissue engineering) in the world, the United States and China. By comparing with the global average and American, Chinese basic research strength in the main subfields of tissue engineering was evaluated with indicators including the number of papers, the growth rate of papers, and the number and proportion of top papers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The number of basic research papers published by Chinese institutions in the subfields of bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, vessel tissue engineering, liver tissue engineering, skin tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering and eye tissue engineering was 4 487, 3 551, 2 869,1 328,1 185,1 088 and 689, respectively, accounting for 10%—15% of worldwide papers in corresponding subfields. The amount of papers published by Chinese institutions was nearly half of that published by institutions of the United States for the first five subfields, but only 32.1% and 37.8% of that published by institutions of the United States for the latter two subfields. (2) The annual growth rate of papers published by Chinese institutions was 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.2%, 14.6%, 21.8%, 19.6% and 19.6%, respectively, for the above seven subfields, all of which were obviously higher than that of the global average and the United States. (3) The number of top papers published by Chinese institutions was 36, 31, 33, 24,15, 24 and 12, and the proportion of top papers published by Chinese institutions was 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 1.3%, 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively, all of which were obviously lower than that of the global average and the United States. (4) China has published relatively more papers on bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering and vessel tissue engineering, and relatively less papers on cardiac tissue engineering and eye tissue engineering. The amount of papers published by Chinese institutions has been growing rapidly in each of the seven main subfields of tissue engineering, with the speed of growing being obviously higher than that of the global average and the United States. China has published a certain amount of top papers in each of the seven subfields, while the proportion of top papers for China is obviously lower than that of the global average and the United States.
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Patent is the most effective carrier of technological information. Preliminary study evaluates the strength of technology development in this field from the angle of patent quantity and quality, regional distribution of patent applicants, countries/regions of patent acceptance, patent applicants, inventors, and technical fields OBJECTIVE: To identify the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering through patent analysis, show their technological strength, reveal China’s level globally, and also clarify the competition between China and United States on the basis of previous research. METHODS: Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering were identified based on the patsnap patent database. It analyzes from three perspectives: patent application, invention patent grant, and tripartite patent application, and demonstrates the scale and growth rate of technology development in the hot sub-fields from the perspective of the patent number and quality. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are four hot sub-fields in the field of tissue engineering: bone, skin, nerve, and cornea; each has its own characteristics. Bone tissue engineering is relatively large-scale. (2) The scale in the skin and nerve sub-fields is limited; corneal tissue engineering has not yet reached a certain amount of scale, but the output of technological achievements with high-quality and high-market value is high. (3) The technological scale and growth rate in the field of bone tissue engineering in China are much bigger and faster than those in the United States, and it also has accumulated a certain number of high-quality technological achievements. The technological scales of skin and nerve sub-fields in China exceed those in United States, and high-quality technological outputs are about twice that in United States. The technological scale and high-quality achievements in the corneal tissue engineering in China are far beyond those in the United States. (4) China’s high-market-value achievements in the hot sub-fields of tissue engineering are still far behind the United States.
Résumé
Previous studies reported some relationships between donepezil treatment and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, due to methodological limitations, their close relationships remain unclear. The aim of this study is to predict treatment response to donepezil by utilizing the automated segmentation of hippocampal subfields volumes (ASHS) in AD. Sixty four AD patients were prescribed with donepezil and were followed up for 24 weeks. Cognitive function was measured to assess whether there was a response from the donepezil treatment. ASHS was implemented on non-responder (NR) and responder (TR) groups, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of hippocampal subfields in predicting response to donepezil. The left total hippocampus and the CA1 area of the NR were significantly smaller than those of the TR group. The ROC curve analysis showed the left CA1 volumes showed highest area under curve (AUC) of 0.85 with a sensitivity of 88.0%, a specificity of 74.0% in predicting treatment response to donepezil treatment. We expect that hippocampal subfields volume measurements that predict treatment responses to current AD drugs will enable more evidence-based, individualized prescription of medications that will lead to more favorable treatment outcomes.