Résumé
Resumo Objetivo Comparar o uso de toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2% e gluconato de clorexidina 2% líquida no preparo pré-operatório da pele para prevenir a ocorrência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas potencialmente contaminadas. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, piloto paralelo, simples-cego composto por 48 pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas potencialmente contaminadas que foram aleatoriamente designados para o grupo intervenção (n=25, toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2%) e grupo controle (n=23, banho pré-operatório com gluconato de clorexidina líquida 2%). O desfecho primário foi infecção do sítio cirúrgico dentro de 30 dias após a cirurgia. Os pacientes foram instruídos a usar os produtos na noite anterior e na manhã da cirurgia e receberam instruções verbais e escritas sobre o uso. Foram utilizados os testes Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, teste T para duas amostras, Pearson X2 e testes exatos de Fisher, risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95%. O nível de significância para todas as variáveis foi estabelecido em α = 5%. Resultados Oito (16,7%) dos 48 pacientes analisados desenvolveram infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto à incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico (RR: 0,92; IC 95%: 0,25-3,25; p=0,898), contudo, não houve casos de infecção do sítio cirúrgico incisional superficial no grupo intervenção. Conclusão O uso de toalhas impregnadas com gluconato de clorexidina 2% para preparo pré-operatório da pele não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em comparação com o uso de banho pré-operatório com gluconato de clorexidina 2% líquida. Registro brasileiro de ensaios clínicos: RBR-8httxs Registrado em ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03813693
Resumen Objetivo Comparar el uso de toallas impregnadas con gluconato de clorhexidina 2 % y gluconato de clorhexidina 2 % líquida en la preparación preoperatoria para prevenir casos de infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes sometidos a cirugías electivas potencialmente contaminadas. Métodos Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, piloto paralelo, simple ciego, compuesto por 48 pacientes sometidos a cirugías electivas potencialmente contaminadas que fueron designados aleatoriamente al grupo experimental (n=25, toallas impregnadas con gluconato de clorhexidina 2 %) y al grupo de control (n=23, baño preoperatorio con gluconato de clorhexidina líquida 2 %). El criterio principal de valoración fue la infección del sitio quirúrgico dentro de los 30 días posteriores a la cirugía. Se instruyó a los pacientes a usar los productos la noche anterior y a la mañana del día de la cirugía y recibieron instrucciones orales y escritas sobre su uso. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, test-T para dos muestras, χ2 de Pearson y pruebas exactas de Fisher, riesgo relativo (RR) e intervalo de confianza de 95 %. El nivel de significación para todas las variables fue establecido en α = 5 %. Resultados Ocho (16,7 %) de los 48 pacientes analizados presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos respecto a la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico (RR: 0,92; IC 95 %: 0,25-3,25; p=0,898). No obstante, no hubo casos de infección del sitio quirúrgico incisional superficial en el grupo experimental. Conclusión El uso de toallas impregnadas con gluconato de clorhexidina 2 % en la preparación preoperatoria de la piel no presentó diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en comparación con el uso del baño preoperatorio con gluconato de clorhexidina 2 % líquida.
Abstract Objective To compare the use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth and 2% liquid chlorhexidine gluconate in the preoperative skin preparation to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing clean-contaminated elective surgeries. Methods Parallel, single-blind, pilot study of the randomized clinical trial (RCT), composed by forty-eight patients underwent clean-contaminated elective surgeries were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=25, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth) and the control group (n=23, pre-operative bathing with 2% liquid chlorhexidine gluconate). The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 30 days after surgery. The patients were instructed to use the products at the night before and at the morning of surgery and received verbal and written instruction on their use. The tests Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Two Sample t-test, Pearson X2 and Fisher's exact tests, risk relative (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. The level of significance for all variables was set at α = 5%. Results 48 patients analyzed, eight (16.7%) developed a surgical site infection. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the incidence of surgical site infection (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.25-3.25; p=0.898), however there were not cases of superficial incisional surgical site infection in the intervention group. Conclusion The use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth for preoperative skin preparation did not reveal a statistically significant difference in the prevention of surgical site infection compared to the use of pre-operative bathing with 2% liquid chlorhexidine gluconate. Brazilian clinical trial registry: RBR-8httxs Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03813693
Résumé
Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of rare type of hepatic benign space occupying lesions.Methods The clinical data of 113 patients with rare type of hepatic benign space occupying lesions confirmed by surgery and pathology from Jan 2009 to Dec 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 51 males and 62 females,age ranging from 12 to 83 years,with an average of 44.3 years.91.2％ of the 113 cases were single lesions and 8.8％ were multiple lesions.Surgical methods included hepatectomy in 98 cases,ablation therapy in 12 cases and hepatectomy combined with ablation in 3 cases.There were 21 types of pathology in 113 patients.The top five types were focal nodular hyperplasia (30 cases),hepatocellular adenoma (16 cases),dysplasia nodules (14 cases),perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (12 cases),and mucinous cystic neoplasms (11 cases),accounting for 73.5％ cases.All the patients were alive in the follow-up period ranging from 6 to 120 months.Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis of rare benign space-occupying lesions of the liver is very difficult.Preoperative MRI is helpful for diagnosis.Conservative treatment or follow-up observation can be considered for the type malignancy have never been reported.For the borderline types or those with difficulty in definite diagnosis,surgical removal is recommended.