Mulheres muçulmanas e cuidado em saúde mental: Reflexões a partir da série 8 em Istambul / Muslim women and mental health care: Reflections from the series Ethos

Resumo Apesar do crescente interesse pela dimensão da religiosidade na área da saúde, muçulmanos têm sido negligenciados pelo campo psi. Por um lado, profissionais pouco conhecem essa religião e seus seguidores; por outro, a população muçulmana cresce tanto pelas reversões quanto por imigração/refúgio, e adentra nas clínicas psicológicas. Para suprir tal descompasso, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar pontos de atenção a serem considerados quando se trata da saúde mental de mulheres muçulmanas e das especificidades do cuidado direcionado a elas. Para tanto, tomou-se como disparador a série turca 8 em Istambul, que expõe os meandros de um atendimento psicológico a uma mulher muçulmana que usa hijab, o véu islâmico. A análise do corpus fez emergir três eixos reflexivos, que apontam: (1) a necessidade de psicoeducação da comunidade muçulmana diante das tensões e dos estigmas cristalizados; (2) o etnocentrismo e a islamofobia como obstáculos ao processo psicoterapêutico; e (3) a importância da escuta sensível para uma prática psicológica aberta à diversidade cultural-religiosa. Este estudo, em confluência com pesquisas etnográficas conduzidas em campo islâmico brasileiro, permite destacar possibilidades, desafios e aspectos éticos da relação entre religião e cuidado em saúde mental.

Abstract Despite the growing interest in the dimension of religiosity in the health area, Muslims have been neglected in the psychology field. Mental health professionals know little about this religion and its followers. However, the Muslim population is growing, both through reversions and immigration/refuge, leading them to seek psychological care services. To address this divergence, this article aims to present points that should be considered about Muslim women's mental health. To this end, we considered the Turkish series Ethos, which depicts the psychotherapeutic process of a Muslim woman who wears the hijab, the Islamic veil. The analysis of the corpus led to three axes, pointing to (a) the need for psychoeducation of the Muslim community in the face of tensions and stigmas; (b) ethnocentrism and Islamophobia as obstacles to the psychotherapeutic process; and (c) the importance of sensitive listening for a psychological practice open to cultural-religious diversity. The study, in confluence with ethnographic research conducted in the Brazilian Islamic field, allows us to highlight possibilities, challenges, and ethical aspects of the relationship between religion and mental health care.

The Carbon Footprint Reduction Related to Domestic Heating Using Thermal Power Plant Waste Heat

The carbon emissions created using fossil fuels for energy are the first place the carbon to the environment. Thermal power plants that burn coal or natural gas provide a significant part of this energy. It does not seem possible to avoid thermal power plants in the short term in future policies regarding energy. Thus, using the waste heat of these power plants for domestic heating to reduce carbon emissions for energy production also decreasing the global climate crisis is a critical practice. In terms of reducing the carbon footprint and the adverse effects of thermal power plants these practices are necessary steps.In this study, two scenarios were created to reduce the carbon footprint of heating based on waste heat from the natural gas thermal power plant in Sakarya. This is considered with the district heating system in houses. For domestic heating, natural gas is used in the first scenario, coal is used in the second scenario, and the carbon footprint is determined. Emissions from the power plant's use of coal and natural gas are also determined. District heating using waste heat and its process and installation cost was also analyzed. As a result, it has been revealed that there will be a carbon reduction of 461,161.2 tons/year CO2e when natural gas is not used for domestic heating and 605,159.6 tons/year CO2e when coal is not used. All this is possible by the use of waste heat. The annual carbon emission of the power plant using natural gas was found to be 1,263,260.8 tons/year CO2e, and the emission value was found to be 9,682,554 tons/year CO2e when coal was used in the power plant. The study results will guide policymakers to reduce the carbon footprint of heating using district heating systems, both in Turkey and developing countries where fossil fuel thermal power plants are used.