Résumé
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares están determinadas por ciertos factores de riesgos, la prevalencia y sinergia de éstos genera un de-terminado riesgo cardiovascular que deteriora la calidad de vida de quienes lo padecen. La realización de actividad física es considerada como una herramienta útil para disminuir uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes, la obesidad, medida mediante el índice de masa corporal. Sin embargo, no todos los seres humanos poseen las mismas características y capacidades físicas, por ende, la realización de ejercicio está restringida a éstas. Es en este sentido que se desarrolla el siguiente informe, el cual contempla una revisión sistemática que enfrenta a dos terapias complementarias: Yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando la evidencia que permita la recomendación de una de ellas para la disminución de IMC en personas mayores con DM2. Los artículos fueron extraídos desde la plataforma académica PubMed, sometidos a 3 cribados de búsqueda, y criterios de inclusión y exclusión, resultando en la obtención de 4 artículos para el análisis, a partir de esta observación se obtiene que la realización de yoga es beneficiosa para la disminución de el IMC al caso índice. Por ende, se recomienda el uso de la terapia complementaria yoga, puesto que esta favorece la reducción del IMC en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en comparación a la terapia complementaria Tai Chi[AU]
Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Cardiovascular diseases are determined by certain risk factors, the prevalence and synergy of which generates a certain cardiovascular risk that deteriorates the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Physical activity is considered a useful tool for reducing one of the most important risk factors, obesity, measured by the body mass index. However, not all human beings have the same physical capacities, therefore, exercise is restricted to them. It is in this sense that the following report is developed, which contemplates a systematic review that confronts two complementary therapies: yoga v/s Tai Chi, looking for the evidence that allows the recommendation of one of them for the decrease of BMI in elderly people with DM2.The articles were extracted from the academic platform PubMed, subjected to 3 search screens, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in obtaining 4 articles for analysis, from this observation it is obtained that the performance of yoga is beneficial for the decrease of the BMI to the index case. Therefore, the use of yoga complementary therapy is recommended, since it favors the reduction of BMI in patients with chronic noncommunicable diseases compared to Tai Chi complementary[AU]
As doenças cardiovasculares são determinadas por certos factores de risco, cuja prevalência e sinergia geram um certo risco cardio-vascular que deteriora a qualidade de vida das pessoas que delas sofrem. A atividade física é considerada uma ferramenta útil para reduzir um dos factores de risco mais importantes, a obesidade, medida pelo índice de massa corporal. No entanto, nem todos os seres humanos têm as mesmas características físicas e, por isso, o exercício é restrito a eles. É nesse sentido que se desenvolve o pre-sente relatório, que contempla uma revisão sistemática que con-fronta duas terapias complementares: yoga v/s Tai Chi, buscando as evidências que permitam a recomendação de uma delas para a diminuição do IMC em idosos com DM2. Os artigos foram ex-traídos da plataforma acadêmica Pubmed, submetidos a 3 telas de busca, e critérios de inclusão e exclusão, resultando na obtenção de 4 artigos para análise, a partir desta observação obtém-se que a realização do yoga é benéfica para a redução do IMC para o caso índice. Portanto, recomenda-se a utilização da terapia complemen-tar yoga, uma vez que favorece a redução do IMC em pacientes com doenças crónicas não transmissíveis em comparação com a terapia complementar Tai Chi[AU]
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Sujet âgéRésumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: Tai chi chuan training claims to not only promote the circulation of internal energy in the body to achieve a preventive and healing effect of diseases, but also to improve static and dynamic body balance. While the former claims are not validable, the question about the effectiveness of improving balance remains valid. Objective: Verify the characteristics of lower limb balance during tai chi chuan practice. Methods: Selected volunteers underwent a bioelectricity testing system via noninvasive surface electromyography to evaluate muscle activity during the exercises. The results were collected, cataloged and statistically work on corresponding graphs according to different content of literature research for objective analysis. Results: The variation of the displacement of the center of gravity was controlled within 0.1M, the most unstable time of the center of gravity was about 0.65s before the start of balance. In temporal terms, it is found that the order of discharge of each muscle tested in the vertical balance and unilateral support was as follows: the tibialis anterior muscle discharges first, the rectus femoris and biceps femoris second, finally gastrocnemius, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus joint discharge almost at the same time. Conclusion: Some benefit is perceived in the validity of improving lateral balance velocity, shortening the action completion time, and improving balance stability, improving the quality of action in practitioners of this exercise modality. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento do tai chi chuan alega não só promover a circulação de energia interna no corpo para alcançar um efeito preventivo e curador de doenças, mas também aprimorar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico corporal. Enquanto as primeiras afirmações não são validáveis, o questionamento sobre a eficácia no aprimoramento do equilíbrio permanece válido. Objetivo: Verificar as características do equilíbrio nos membros inferiores durante a prática do tai chi chuan. Métodos: Voluntários selecionados passaram por um sistema de testes com bioeletricidade via eletromiografia superficial não invasiva para avaliar a atividade muscular durante os exercícios. Os resultados foram coletados, catalogados e estatisticamente trabalhos sobre gráficos correspondentes, de acordo com diferentes conteúdos de pesquisa literária, para análise objetiva. Resultados: A variação do deslocamento do centro gravitacional foi controlada dentro de 0,1M, o tempo mais instável do centro de gravidade foi cerca de 0,65s antes do início do equilíbrio. Em termos temporais, constata-se que a ordem de descarga de cada músculo testado no equilíbrio vertical e apoio unilateral foi a seguinte: o músculo tibial anterior descarrega primeiro, o reto femoral e bíceps femoral em segundo lugar, finalmente conjunto gastrocnêmico, glúteos médios e glúteo máximo descarregam quase ao mesmo tempo. Conclusão: Percebe-se algum benefício na validade de aprimorar a velocidade de balanço lateral, encurtar o tempo de conclusão da ação e melhorar a estabilidade do equilíbrio, melhorando a qualidade da ação em praticantes dessa modalidade de exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de Tai chi chuan pretende no sólo promover la circulación de la energía interna en el cuerpo para lograr un efecto preventivo y curativo contra las enfermedades, sino también mejorar el equilibrio corporal estático y dinámico. Mientras que las primeras afirmaciones no son válidas, la pregunta sobre la eficacia de la mejora del equilibrio sigue siendo válida. Objetivo: Verificar las características del equilibrio de los miembros inferiores durante la práctica del tai chi chuan. Métodos: Los voluntarios seleccionados se sometieron a un sistema de pruebas de bioelectricidad mediante electromiografía de superficie no invasiva para evaluar la actividad muscular durante los ejercicios. Los resultados fueron recogidos, catalogados y trabajados estadísticamente en los gráficos correspondientes según los diferentes contenidos de la investigación literaria para su análisis objetivo. Resultados: La variación del desplazamiento del centro de gravedad se controló dentro de 0,1M, el tiempo más inestable del centro de gravedad fue de unos 0,65s antes del inicio del equilibrio. En términos temporales, se encontró que el orden de descarga de cada músculo probado en el equilibrio vertical y el apoyo unilateral fue el siguiente: el músculo tibial anterior descarga primero, el recto femoral y el bíceps femoral segundo, finalmente el gastrocnemio, el glúteo medio y el glúteo mayor descargan casi al mismo tiempo. Conclusión: Se percibe algún beneficio en la validez de mejorar la velocidad de equilibrio lateral, acortar el tiempo de finalización de la acción y mejorar la estabilidad del equilibrio, mejorando la calidad de la acción en los practicantes de esta modalidad de ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction Tai Ji is a martial art rich in traditional Chinese ethnic characteristics. Its flexible, free and open movements make its practice popular and esteemed by many female college students. However, there is a demand for experimental research on the impacts of the art on the physical and mental health of its college practitioners. Objective Verify the effects of Tai Ji practice on the physical health of university students. Methods This study used the methods of literature, experimental and mathematical statistics, through the influence of Tai Ji style number 24 on the physical health of female university students in different groups. Results The research shows that under the intervention of this style, with the same content, intensity, and time of exercise, the physical health of female college students in the low-fitness group was significantly improved. Conclusion Female college students in the medium and high fitness group improved their physical health indicators due to their physical preconditioning. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução O Tai Chi Chuan é uma arte marcial rica em características étnicas tradicionais chinesas. Seus movimentos flexíveis, livres e abertos fazem com que a sua prática seja popular e estimada por uma ampla gama de estudantes universitárias. Porém, há uma demanda de pesquisas experimentais sobre os impactos da arte sobre a saúde física e mental de seus praticantes universitários, no intuito de conduzir e orientar os seus praticantes durante a realização dos eventos esportivos. Objetivo Verificar os efeitos da prática de Tai Chi Chuan sobre a saúde física das estudantes universitárias. Métodos Este estudo utilizou os métodos da literatura, experimental e estatística matemática, através da influência do Tai Chi Chuan estilo número 24 na saúde física das estudantes universitárias femininas em diferentes grupos. Resultados A pesquisa mostra que sob a intervenção desse estilo, com o mesmo conteúdo, intensidade e tempo de exercício, a saúde física de estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino no grupo de baixa aptidão física foi significativamente aprimorada. Conclusão Estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino no grupo de aptidão física média e alta melhoraram seus indicadores de saúde física devido ao seu pré-condicionamento físico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción El Taichi Chuan es un arte marcial rico en características étnicas tradicionales chinas. Sus movimientos flexibles, libres y abiertos hacen que su práctica sea popular y apreciada por un amplio abanico de estudiantes universitarios. Sin embargo, existe una demanda de investigación experimental sobre los impactos del arte en la salud física y mental de sus practicantes universitarios, con el fin de conducir y guiar a sus practicantes durante los eventos deportivos. Objetivo Verificar los efectos de la práctica de Taichi Chuan en la salud física de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos Este estudio utilizó los métodos de la literatura, experimental y estadística matemática, a través de la influencia de Taichi Chuan estilo número 24 en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias en diferentes grupos. Resultados La investigación demuestra que, bajo la intervención de este estilo, con el mismo contenido, intensidad y tiempo de ejercicio, mejoró significativamente la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias del grupo de baja forma física. Conclusión Las estudiantes universitarias del grupo de aptitud física media y alta mejoraron sus indicadores de salud física gracias a su preacondicionamiento físico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: The practice of Tai-ji has shown a positive effect on the physical functions of the elderly and has been promoted as a recommended daily activity for middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, there is still no scientific evidence about its cardiorespiratory benefits. Objective: Study the effect of Tai-ji on the cardiorespiratory function and physical fitness of the elderly. Methods: A group of elderly people from the same community and in good health, considered suitable for sports experiments was divided into the experimental group for Tai-ji exercise and the control group for vigorous walking exercise. Each week, the Tai-ji exercise with eight steps and the vigorous walking exercise was performed three times in each group. Results: After six weeks of Tai-ji exercise with eight steps of five methods, the vital capacity, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal voluntary ventilation, and oxygen pulse of the experimental group were significantly increased, and the systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly reduced, evidencing an improvement in the performance of the cardiopulmonary function. Conclusion: Tai-ji exercise is beneficial for the cardiopulmonary function and physical health of the elderly and is scientifically useful for improving the mental health level and quality of life of the elderly. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: A prática do Tai-ji tem demonstrado um efeito positivo nas funções físicas dos idosos, tendo sido promovida como atividade diária recomendada aos indivíduos de meia-idade e idosos. Porém ainda não há evidências científicas sobre seus benefícios cardiorrespiratórios. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do Tai-ji sobre a função cardiorrespiratória e a aptidão física do idoso. Métodos: Um grupo de idosos da mesma comunidade e boa saúde, considerados adequados para os experimentos esportivos foi dividido em grupo experimental para o exercício de Tai-ji e no grupo de controle para o exercício de caminhada vigorosa. A cada semana, o exercício de Tai-ji com oito etapas e o vigoroso exercício de caminhada foram realizados três vezes em cada grupo. Resultados: Após seis semanas de exercício Tai-ji com oito etapas do método de cinco, a capacidade vital, o consumo máximo de oxigênio, a ventilação voluntária máxima e o pulso de oxigênio do grupo experimental foram significativamente aumentados, e as pressões sistólica e diastólica foram significativamente reduzidas, evidenciando uma melhora no desempenho da função cardiopulmonar. Conclusão: O exercício de Tai-ji é benéfico para a função cardiopulmonar e a saúde física dos idosos, mostrando-se cientificamente útil para melhorar o nível de saúde mental e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: La práctica del Tai-ji ha demostrado un efecto positivo en las funciones físicas de las personas mayores, habiéndose promovido como actividad diaria recomendada a los individuos de mediana y avanzada edad. Sin embargo, aún no existen pruebas científicas sobre sus beneficios cardiorrespiratorios. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del Tai-ji sobre la función cardiorrespiratoria y la forma física de los ancianos. Métodos: Un grupo de ancianos de la misma comunidad y en buen estado de salud, considerados aptos para experimentos deportivos, se dividió en el grupo experimental para el ejercicio Tai-ji y el grupo de control para el ejercicio de caminata vigorosa. Cada semana, se realizaron ejercicios de Tai-ji con ocho pasos y ejercicios de caminata vigorosa tres veces en cada grupo. Resultados: Después de seis semanas de ejercicio Tai-ji con ocho pasos de cinco métodos, la capacidad vital, el consumo máximo de oxígeno, la ventilación voluntaria máxima y el pulso de oxígeno del grupo experimental aumentaron significativamente, y las presiones sistólica y diastólica se redujeron significativamente, lo que evidencia una mejora en el rendimiento de la función cardiopulmonar. Conclusión: El ejercicio Tai-ji es beneficioso para la función cardiopulmonar y la salud física de los ancianos, y está científicamente demostrado que mejora el nivel de salud mental y la calidad de vida de los ancianos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Résumé
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiopulmonary function testing is a fundamental component of the physical examination and an elementary indicator for measuring physical fitness. With advancing age, the cardiopulmonary system will undergo a series of aging changes in morphology and function. Objective: Explore the effect of Tai Chi exercise on cardiopulmonary function in middle-aged and elderly people. Methods: A total of 73 50-75 years old from 5 areas in our city were recruited. A total of 63 healthy subjects were selected, 37 in the exercise group and 26 in the non-exercise group. The heart rate, lung capacity, and 6-min walking distance of each subject were measured in a calm state during the recovery time after walking 10 min after recovery. Results: In a calm state, Tai Chi practitioners had better lung capacity and a lower heart rate than non-practitioners (p0.05). In the immediate recovery time after walking, Tai Chi exercise elevated lung capacity more than non-exercisers (p0.01). Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise can improve the adaptability of cardiopulmonary function in middle-aged and elderly people after exercise. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies - Outcome Investigation.
RESUMO Introdução: O teste de função cardiopulmonar é um elemento fundamental no exame físico, e também um indicador elementar corrente para medir a aptidão física. Com o avanço da idade, o sistema cardiopulmonar passará por uma série de mudanças de envelhecimento na morfologia e função. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do exercício de Tai Chi sobre a função cardiopulmonar de pessoas de meia-idade e idosas. Métodos: Um total de 73, 50-75 anos de idade de 5 áreas em nossa cidade foram recrutados. Foram selecionados 63 sujeitos saudáveis, 37 no grupo de exercícios e 26 no grupo de não-exercício. O ritmo cardíaco, a capacidade pulmonar e a distância de caminhada de 6 minutos de cada sujeito foram medidas em um estado calmo, durante o tempo de recuperação após a caminhada, e 10 minutos após o período de recuperação. Resultados: Em um estado calmo, os praticantes de Tai Chi apresentam uma melhor capacidade pulmonar e uma frequência cardíaca menor do que os não praticantes (p0,05). No tempo de recuperação imediata após a caminhada, o exercício de Tai Chi elevou a capacidade pulmonar mais do que os não-exercitantes (p0,01). Conclusão: O exercício de Tai Chi pode melhorar a adaptabilidade da função cardiopulmonar em pessoas de meia-idade e idosos após o exercício. Nível de evidência: Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação dos Resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción: La prueba de función cardiopulmonar es un elemento fundamental en el examen físico, y también un indicador elemental actual para medir la aptitud física. Con el avance de la edad, el sistema cardiopulmonar sufrirá una serie de cambios de envejecimiento en su morfología y función. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del ejercicio de Tai Chi sobre la función cardiopulmonar en personas de mediana y avanzada edad. Métodos: Se reclutó a un total de 73 personas de 50 a 75 años de edad de 5 zonas de nuestra ciudad. Se seleccionó un total de 63 sujetos sanos, 37 en el grupo de ejercicio y 26 en el grupo de no ejercicio. Se midieron la frecuencia cardíaca, la capacidad pulmonar y la distancia recorrida en 6 minutos de cada sujeto en estado de calma, durante el tiempo de recuperación tras la marcha y 10 minutos después del periodo de recuperación. Resultados: En un estado de calma, los practicantes de Tai Chi tenían una mejor capacidad pulmonar y una menor frecuencia cardíaca que los no practicantes (p0,05). En el tiempo de recuperación inmediata tras la marcha, el ejercicio de Tai Chi aumentó la capacidad pulmonar más que los no practicantes (p0,01). Conclusión: El ejercicio de Tai Chi puede mejorar la adaptabilidad de la función cardiopulmonar en personas de mediana y avanzada edad después del ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia: Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
Résumé
ObjectiveTo construct the mental health benefits of physical activity of Tai Chi and framework for college students based on International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), and to systematically review the effect of physical activity of Tai Chi on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students. MethodsRelevant literatures about the health outcomes on anxiety, depression and sleep quality of college students participating in physical activity of Tai Chi were retrieved from databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang data, from the establishment to November 10th, 2022, and screened and reviewed. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included finally, from China and U.S.， involving 960 participants (aged 16.4 to 40 years). The main sources were from journals about physical activity and health, with publication dates from 2016 to 2021. The quality of the included literatures was evaluated using the Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale with a mean score of 6.3. The main mental health problems of college students mainly focused on depression, anxiety, high stress, and poor sleep quality. The physical activity of Tai Chi included 24 simplified Tai Chi and Chen style Tai Chi. The frequency of physical activity of Tai Chi was mainly 1 to 6 times a week, 45 to 90 minutes (60 minutes mostly) a time, for 4 to 18 weeks. The health benefits of Tai Chi on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality for college students in the ICF were mainly in the affective function (b152), psychomotor function (b147), energy and drive function (b130), and sleep function (b134). The beneficial outcomes of physical activity of Tai Chi involved reducing anxiety, alleviating depressive symptoms and reducing stress. Compared with physical activity of Tai Chi, physical activity of Tai Chi with the addition of a twenty-four-pattern Taijiquan theory course was more effective in improving depression levels in patients with mild and moderate depression. Tai Chi also can help to improve sleep quality, shorten the time to sleep, and reduce sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction. ConclusionA PICO framework of Tai Chi for the health benefits of college students has been constructed using ICF. Tai Chi engaged in by college students are mainly 24 simplified Tai Chi. The frequency of physical activity of Tai Chi is 45 to 90 minutes (60 minutes mostly) a time, 1 to 6 times a week, for 4 to 18 weeks. The physical activities of Tai Chi can benefit in reducing anxiety and depression of college students and improving the quality of sleep.
Résumé
@#【Objective】 To explore the prescriptions related to the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases in Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary (Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,《太平惠民和剂局方》, TPHMHJJF), and investigate the medication and prescription rules. 【Methods】 The prescriptions of TPHMHJJF for treating spleen and stomach diseases were screened, and the data set was established by entering the prescriptions and standardized drug names using WPS Excel 2019. Herb frequency statistics, efficacy categorization, property, flavor, meridian tropism, association rules, cluster analysis, factor analysis, and complex network analysis were performed using Python 3.6.8 programming language and Gephi 0.9.2 visualization software. 【Results】 A total of 239 prescriptions were included after the screening, and the dosage forms were mainly pills and powders. The study involved 200 herbal medicines, among which 40 herbs had a frequency of ≥ 12. The herb with the highest frequency was Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma). The herb properties were mainly warm in nature, with the most pungent herbs. Most herbs were attributed to the spleen and stomach meridians, and tonifying medicine were the main species. The association rule analysis identified 26 second-order association rules and 16 third-order association rules, with "Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) → Fuling (Poria)" as the leading rule in the former and "Fuling (Poria) + Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) → Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)" as the leading rule in the latter. Also, cluster analysis divided the top 30 herbs into six herb combinations that can warm the middle, move Qi, and dry dampness effectively. Factor analysis extracted 13 common factors, with Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), and Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome) as the highest contributing factors. Lastly, complex network analysis yielded the core prescription of 14 herbs, with Ganjiang (Zingiber Rhizoma), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) among the herbs with a higher weighting degree. 【Conclusion】 TPHMHJJF is mainly based on the use of warming herbs to treat spleen and stomach diseases, and its medication rule can be summarized into three aspects: (i) primarily using warming and tonifying to warm the middle and dissipate cold, (ii) using the method of moving Qi with aromatic nature to delight the spleen and appetize the stomach, and (iii) emphasizing the regulation of Qi and blood to calm the five zang-organs.
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Lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, multifactorial disease characterized by impaired physical function, chronic pain, compromised psychological health and decreased social functioning. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of OA. Tai Chi is a type of classical mind-body exercise derived from ancient Chinese martial arts. Evidence supports that Tai Chi has significant benefits for relieving lower limb OA symptoms. Using a biopsychosocial framework, this review aims to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tai Chi in lower limb OA and disentangle its potential mechanisms from the perspective of biology, psychology, and social factors. Complex biomechanical, biochemical, neurological, psychological, and social mechanisms, including strengthening of muscles, proprioception improvement, joint mechanical stress reduction, change of brain activation and sensitization, attenuation of inflammation, emotion modulation and social support, are discussed.
Sujets)
Humains , Tai Chi , Arthrose/thérapie , Traitement par les exercices physiques , Membre inférieur , Maladie chronique , InflammationRésumé
Objective:To observe any effect of Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback on the balance of persons who have survived a stroke.Methods:Fifty-six stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 28. Both groups were given routine balance function training, while the observation group was additionally given Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback. Before and after the four weeks of training, the subjects′ balance and posture were evaluated using a Nomex visual feedback balance system. Lower limb strength was evaluated with a microFET2 portable muscle strength tester. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), 10-metre walk times (10MWTs) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI) were also applied.Results:After the training the average BBS, TUGT, 10MWT and MBI results of the observation group had improved significantly. Among the control group only TUGT times and MBI scores had improved significantly, but even then the average MBI score of the observation group was significantly higher. The training improved the strength of the trainees′ quadriceps femoris (QUA), tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) on the hemiplegic side. Their hamstrings and GAS on the non-hemiplegic side were also significantly stronger, on average. The improvement in the QUA of the hemiplegic side in the observation group was significantly better than the control group′s average improvement. The path length (PL) and the covered area (CA) in the observation group had decreased significantly after the training, while among the controls only the CA had decreased significantly. The average PL in the observation group was therefore significantly shorter than in the control group.Conclusion:Yun shou tai chi training with visual feedback can promote the recovery of balance function after a stroke. Such training is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
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Resumo O Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) está entre as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICS) mais utilizadas e apresenta, segundo a literatura científica, evidências clínicas para tratamento de diversos problemas de saúde. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o desenvolvimento dessa modalidade no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido, o objetivo do artigo foi compreender a prática terapêutica do TCC em um serviço de referência em PICS no SUS, a partir de um estudo de caso qualitativo com observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários e terapeutas. Observou-se dessemelhanças entre a prática terapêutica do Tai Chi Chuan e as práticas corporais biomédicas, assim como a presença de diretrizes norteadoras de cuidado do SUS, como o acolhimento, a escuta qualificada, o vínculo terapêutico e a integralidade da atenção. Também foi identificada a prevalência de sofrimento mental como motivo de procura pela prática, necessidade de maior apoio financeiro ao serviço e resistência ao uso da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa por parte da rede de apoio de algumas usuárias.
Abstract Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is among the most used Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS) and, according to the scientific literature, presents clinical evidence for the treatment of various health problems. However, little is known about the development of this practice in the context of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). In this sense, the objective of the article was to understand the therapeutic practice of TCC in a reference service in PICS in SUS, from a qualitative case study with participant observation and semi-structured interviews with users and therapists. Dissimilarities were observed between the therapeutic practice of TCC and biomedical body practices, as well as the presence of guidelines for SUS care, such as welcoming, qualified listening, therapeutic connection, and comprehensive care. The prevalence of mental distress was also identified as a reason for seeking the practice, as well as the need for greater financial support for the service, and the resistance to the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine by some female users' support network.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Tai Chi Softball fully reflects the most complete and coherent concept of Tai Chi exercise, round and smooth, natural and continuous, and is very suitable for the daily exercise of middle-aged and elderly people. Objective Explore the effect of Tai Chi Softball exercise on body shape and bone mineral density of middle-aged and elderly women. Methods 45 volunteers were recruited and divided into a Tai Chi Softball group and a control group; the Tai Chi Softball group was guided by professional trainers to perform Tai Chi Softball exercises for six months. The control group did not perform Tai Chi Softball exercises and tested various physical indicators for comparison. Results The weight and BMI of middle-aged and elderly women showed a decreasing trend. The abdominal and arm skinfold measurements were significantly different from those before the experiment (P < 0.01). Body fat percentage decreased significantly, and muscle weight increased, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Tai Chi Softball exercise can alleviate the rapid decline in bone mineral density and bone mineral content in middle-aged and elderly women. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução O Tai Chi Softball reflete integralmente o conceito mais completo e coerente do exercício de Tai Chi, redondo e suave, natural e contínuo, sendo muito adequado para o exercício diário de pessoas de meia-idade e idosas. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do exercício de Tai Chi Soft Ball na composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea de mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Métodos 45 voluntários foram recrutados e divididos em um grupo de Tai Chi Softball e um grupo de controle, o grupo de Tai Chi Softball foi orientado por treinadores profissionais para realizar exercícios de Tai Chi Softball por 6 meses. O grupo de controle não realizou o exercício de Tai Chi Softball, e testou vários indicadores físicos para comparação. Resultados O peso e o IMC das mulheres de meia-idade e idosas mostraram uma tendência decrescente. Entre elas, as medidas de dobra cutânea do abdômen e braço foram significativamente diferentes daquelas anteriores à experiência (P < 0,01). O percentual de gordura corporal diminuiu significativamente e o peso muscular aumentou, apresentando significância estatística (P<0,05). Conclusão O exercício de Tai Chi Softball pode aliviar o rápido declínio da densidade mineral óssea e do conteúdo mineral ósseo em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción El Tai Chi Softball refleja plenamente el concepto más completo y coherente del ejercicio de Tai Chi, redondo y suave, natural y continuo, y es muy adecuado para el ejercicio diario de las personas de mediana edad y mayores. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del ejercicio de Tai Chi Softball sobre la composición corporal y la densidad mineral ósea de mujeres de mediana edad y mayores. Métodos Se reclutaron 45 voluntarias y se dividieron en un grupo de Tai Chi Softball y un grupo de control, el grupo de Tai Chi Softball fue guiado por entrenadores profesionales para realizar ejercicios de Tai Chi Softball durante 6 meses. El grupo de control no realizó el ejercicio, y se sometió a varios indicadores físicos para su comparación. Resultados El peso y el IMC de las mujeres de mediana edad y de edad avanzada mostraron una tendencia a la baja. Entre ellos, las medidas de los pliegues cutáneos abdominales y del brazo fueron significativamente diferentes de las anteriores al experimento (P < 0,01). El porcentaje de grasa corporal disminuyó significativamente y el peso muscular aumentó, mostrando significancia estadística (P < 0,05). Conclusión El ejercicio de Tai Chi Softball puede aliviar el rápido descenso de la densidad mineral ósea y del contenido mineral óseo en mujeres de mediana edad y mayores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Practicing sports can strengthen the body both physically and mentally. Although Tai Chi can help injured athletes to recover quickly and shorten the return to sports training and competition, there are still no detailed studies about its effectiveness in lower limb injuries in young people. Objective Analyze the effects of Tai Chi in upper limb sports injuries rehabilitation on young people. Methods 91 patients with sports injuries are selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=44) and an experimental group (n=47). The control group received regular exercises for rehabilitation, while the experimental group used Tai Chi exercises. Mathematical statistics are used to analyze the effects before and after the activities. Results There are considerable statistical differences in the effects of exercise on the two groups of patients. Conclusion Tai Chi exercise can help young people recover from upper limb sports injuries. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.
RESUMO Introdução Praticar esportes pode fortalecer o corpo tanto física quanto mentalmente. Apesar do Tai Chi poder ajudar os atletas lesionados a se recuperarem rapidamente e abreviar o retorno ao treino esportivo e a competição ainda não há estudos detalhados sobre sua eficácia nas lesões de membros superiores em jovens. Objetivo Analisar os efeitos na reabilitação esportiva de jovens lesionados nos membros superiores sob os fundamentos do Tai Chi. Métodos Foram selecionados 91 pacientes com lesões esportivas que foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo controle (n=44) e grupo experimental (n=47). O grupo controle recebeu exercícios regulares para reabilitação enquanto o grupo experimental utilizou exercícios de Tai Chi. Estatísticas matemáticas foram empregadas para analisar os efeitos antes e depois das atividades. Resultados Existem diferenças estatísticas consideráveis nos efeitos do exercício nos dois grupos de pacientes. Conclusão O exercício de Tai Chi pode auxiliar os jovens a recuperarem-se de lesões esportivas nos membros superiores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción La práctica del deporte puede fortalecer el cuerpo tanto física como mentalmente. Aunque el Tai Chi puede ayudar a los atletas lesionados a recuperarse rápidamente y a acortar la vuelta al entrenamiento y la competición deportiva, todavía no hay estudios detallados sobre su eficacia en las lesiones de las extremidades superiores en los jóvenes. Objetivo Analizar los efectos en la rehabilitación deportiva de los jóvenes con lesiones en las extremidades superiores bajo los fundamentos del Tai Chi. Métodos Se seleccionaron 91 pacientes con lesiones deportivas que se dividieron aleatoriamente en el grupo de control (n=44) y el grupo experimental (n=47). El grupo de control recibió ejercicios regulares de rehabilitación mientras que el grupo experimental utilizó ejercicios de Tai Chi. Se utilizaron estadísticas matemáticas para analizar los efectos antes y después de las actividades. Resultados Existen considerables diferencias estadísticas en los efectos del ejercicio en los dos grupos de pacientes. Conclusión El ejercicio de Tai Chi puede ayudar a los jóvenes a recuperarse de las lesiones deportivas de las extremidades superiores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Exercise can retard the effects of aging and improve the physical function of the elderly. Tai Chi is a widespread exercise practice among the elderly in China. Although studies show the positive effects of Tai Chi practice, there is no consensus about compared studies. Objective: Evaluate the impact of regular Tai Chi exercise on neuromuscular stability in the lower limbs of elderly people, comparing the results of practitioners between sedentary and walking elderly groups. Methods: Twenty-two Tai Chi practitioners were selected, with a mean age of 59.3±3.5 years and a mean practice time of 18.4±13.2 years. This experiment mainly tests the balance ability compared to individuals practicing walking and other sedentary individuals. Results: The muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors in the Tai Chi group was significantly greater than in the sedentary group (p=0.001 to 0.00160°/sec; P=0.002 to 60°/sec extensors; p=0.002 to 120°/sec; 120°/sec flexors, p=0.003). Similarly, there was a significant difference in muscle strength between the Tai Chi group and the walking group (the P values of the flexors and extensors at both speeds were less than 0.001). Conclusion: Tai Chi, as a regular exercise, can increase muscle strength of the general knee flexors and extensors and improve the neuromuscular stability of lower limbs in the elderly. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
RESUMO Introdução: Exercícios podem retardar os efeitos do envelhecimento e melhorar a função física dos idosos. O Tai Chi é uma prática popular de exercício entre os idosos na China. Embora haja estudos que evidenciem os efeitos positivos da prática de Tai Chi, ainda não há um consenso sobre os estudos comparados. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício regular de Tai Chi sobre a estabilidade neuromuscular nos membros inferiores em idosos, comparando os resultados dos praticantes entre grupos idosos de sedentários e praticantes de caminhada. Métodos: Foram selecionados vinte e dois praticantes de Tai Chi, com idade média de 59,3±3,5 anos com tempo médio de prática de 18,4±13,2 anos. Este experimento testa principalmente a capacidade de equilíbrio comparando aos indivíduos que praticam caminhada e outros sedentários. Resultados: A força muscular dos flexores e extensores do joelho no grupo Tai Chi foi significativamente maior do que no grupo sedentário (p=0,001 a 0,00160°/s; P=0,002 a extensores de 60°/s; p=0,002 a 120°/s; flexores de 120°/seg, p=0,003). Similarmente, houve uma diferença significativa na força muscular entre o grupo Tai Chi e o grupo de caminhada (os valores P dos flexores e extensores em ambas as velocidades foram inferiores a 0,001). Conclusão: Exercícios regulares, como o Tai Chi, podem alterar a força muscular dos flexores e extensores gerais do joelho, e melhorar a estabilidade neuromuscular dos idosos nos membros inferiores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.
RESUMEN Introducción: Los ejercicios pueden retrasar los efectos del envejecimiento y mejorar la función física de las personas mayores. El Tai Chi es una práctica de ejercicio muy popular entre las personas mayores de China. Aunque hay estudios que demuestran los efectos positivos de la práctica del Tai Chi, todavía no hay consenso sobre los estudios comparativos. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del ejercicio regular de Tai Chi en la estabilidad neuromuscular de las extremidades inferiores en ancianos, comparando los resultados de los practicantes entre grupos de ancianos sedentarios y caminantes. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 22 practicantes de Tai Chi, con una edad media de 59,3±3,5 años y un tiempo medio de práctica de 18,4±13,2 años. Este experimento pone a prueba principalmente la capacidad de equilibrio en comparación con los individuos que practican caminata y otros sedentarios. Resultados: La fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores de la rodilla en el grupo de Tai Chi fue significativamente mayor que en el grupo sedentario (p=0,001 a 0,00160°/seg; p=0,002 a 60°/seg extensores; p=0,002 a 120°/seg; 120°/seg flexores, p=0,003). Del mismo modo, hubo una diferencia significativa en la fuerza muscular entre el grupo de Tai Chi y el grupo de caminantes (los valores P de los flexores y extensores a ambas velocidades fueron inferiores a 0,001). Conclusión: Los ejercicios regulares, como el Tai Chi, pueden modificar la fuerza muscular de los flexores y extensores generales de la rodilla y mejorar la estabilidad neuromuscular de los ancianos en las extremidades inferiores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.
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Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un programa de 7 semanas de Tai Chi sobre la flexibilidad, fuerza y balance en adultos mayores chilenos autovalentes de la comunidad con riesgo de caídas. Métodos. En este estudio piloto participaron 4 adultos mayores de la comunidad con riesgo de caída (prueba Timed Up and Go > 10 segundos), los cuales fueron entrenados con Tai Chi durante 7 semanas, con una frecuencia de 3 sesiones semanales. Cada sesión tuvo una duración de 60 minutos. Al inicio y al final del entrenamiento, se evaluó flexibilidad (alcance de dorso y alcanzar sentado en silla), fuerza muscular (fuerza prensil, pararse y sentarse en 30 segundos) y balance (prueba Timed Up and Go). Resultados. Las cuatro participantes finalizaron el entrenamiento sin eventos adversos. En todas ellas se observaron aumentos en el rendimiento de fuerza muscular de miembros superiores e inferiores, al igual que en flexibilidad. En términos de balance dinámico, todas las participantes mostraron mejoras disminuyendo los tiempos de ejecución de la prueba Timed Up & Go. Conclusiones. En este grupo de adultas mayores, un programa de Tai Chi de 7 semanas produjo mejoras en la fuerza y flexibilidad de extremidades superiores e inferiores, además de mejorar el balance dinámico.
Objective: To determine the effects of a 7-weeks Tai Chi program on flexibility, strength, and balance in self-valent community-dwelling older adults with fall risk. Methods: In this pilot study, 4 community-dwelling older adults with fall risk (Up & Go > 10 seconds), which were trained with a 7-weeks Tai Chi-based training program, with a frequency of three sessions per week. Each session lasted for 60 minutes. At the beginning and end of the study, flexibility (back scratch and chair sit & reach), muscle strength (grip strength and 30-seconds sit-to-stand), and balance (Timed Up & Go). Results: The four participants finalised the training programs without adverse events. In all of them, increases in upper and lower limb muscle strength and flexibility were seen. In terms of balance, all participants showed improvements by decreasing the execution times of the Up & Go. Conclusion: In this group of older adults, a 7-weeks Tai Chi-based training program induced improvements in upper and lower limb muscle strength and flexibility, along with improvements of dynamic balance.
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ABSTRACT Objective To systematically review the effects (benefits and harms) of different types of physical exercise on insomnia outcomes in adult populations with no mood disorders. Objective and subjective sleep outcomes and related mismatches were analyzed. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis. Quality of evidence was also examined. Results Six studies including 295 participants with insomnia diagnosis were selected. Yoga, Tai Chi, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise were used in protocols with different duration, intensity and frequency. Studies involved different populations, including inactive or sedentary individuals, older adults and postmenopausal women. Physical exercise improved subjective sleep quality (very low quality of evidence) and reduced insomnia severity (high quality of evidence). Conclusion Findings suggest individualized physical exercise must be addressed to design optimal protocols, with standardized type, duration, intensity, and frequency. For the time being, physical exercise may be considered an alternative and/or ancillary therapeutic modality for patients diagnosed with insomnia. Physical exercise can be used to improve subjective complaints, but not objective sleep outcomes.
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Resumo Objetivo Comparar a aptidão funcional e as dimensões da qualidade de vida de idosos participantes e não participantes das práticas orientadas Lian Gong, Tai Chi e Qigong. Métodos Estudo caso-controle, desenvolvido no município de São Paulo - SP, Brasil, com 118 idosos, pareados por sexo e idade: 59 no grupo caso, participantes das práticas corporais, divididos em subgrupos por tempo de adesão:< 24 meses e ≥ 24 meses; e 59 no grupo controle, não participantes das práticas. Para a coleta de dados, aplicaram-se: questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde, testes funcionais e o instrumento Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF36). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o programa R versão 3.3.2. Os dados foram inicialmente analisados de forma descritiva e, em seguida, efetuou-se regressão logística univariada e o teste Kruskal Wallis. Os aspectos éticos da pesquisa com seres humanos foram obedecidos. Resultados Verificou-se que, no grupo caso, idosos com tempo de adesão às práticas ≥ 24 meses apresentaram resultado superior no teste funcional de levantar e sentar da cadeira (p=0,006), bem como melhor desempenho nos seguintes domínios da qualidade de vida: dor (p= 0,003), vitalidade (p=0,021), aspectos emocionais (p=0,034) e saúde mental (p=0,020). Conclusão A participação nas práticas corporais, orientadas, Lian Gong, Tai Chi e Qigong pode contribuir para a qualidade de vida e a aptidão funcional de idosos.
Resumen Objetivo Comparar la aptitud funcional y las dimensiones de la calidad de vida de adultos mayores que participan y que no participan en prácticas orientadas Lian Gong, Tai Chi y Qigong. Métodos Estudio caso-control, realizado en el municipio de São Paulo - estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con 118 adultos mayores, pareados por sexo y edad: 59 en el grupo caso, participantes de las prácticas corporales, divididos en subgrupos por tiempo de participación: < 24 meses y ≥ 24 meses; y 59 en el grupo control, no participantes de las prácticas. Para la recopilación de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas y de salud, pruebas funcionales y el instrumento Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF36). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con el programa R versión 3.3.2. Los datos se analizaron inicialmente de forma descriptiva y, a continuación, se realizó regresión logística univariada y la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Los aspectos éticos de la investigación con seres humanos fueron cumplidos. Resultados Se verificó que, en el grupo caso, los adultos mayores con tiempo de participación en las prácticas ≥ 24 meses presentaron un resultado superior a la prueba funcional de levantarse y sentarse en la silla (p=0,006), como también un mejor desempeño en los siguientes dominios de calidad de vida: dolor (p= 0,003), vitalidad (p=0,021), aspectos emocionales (p=0,034) y salud mental (p=0,020). Conclusión La participación en las prácticas corporales orientadas Lian Gong, Tai Chi y Qigong puede contribuir para la calidad de vida y para la aptitud funcional de adultos mayores.
Abstract Objective To compare functional fitness and quality of life dimensions of elderly participants and non-participants of Lian Gong, Tai Chi and Qigong guided practices. Methods This is a case-control study, carried out in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, with 118 elderly people, matched by sex and age: 59 in the case group, participants in body practices, divided into subgroups by time of compliance: < 24 months and ≥ 24 months; and 59 in the control group, non-participants in body practices. For data collection, the following were applied: a questionnaire with sociodemographic and health variables, functional tests and the Medical Outcomes Study 36- Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Statistical analyzes were performed using R version 3.3.2. The data were initially analyzed in a descriptive way and, then, a univariate logistic regression and the Kruskal Wallis test were performed. The ethical aspects of research with human beings were obeyed. Results It was found that, in the case group, elderly people with a time of compliance with practices ≥ 24 months showed a superior result in the functional 30-second chair stand test (p=0.006), as well as better performance in the following quality of life domains: bodily pain (p=0.003); vitality (p=0.021); role emotional (p=0.034); and mental health (p=0.020). Conclusion Participation in guided body practices, Lian Gong, Tai Chi and Qigong, can contribute to elderly people's quality of life and functional fitness.
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Objective To analyze muscle pre-activation and surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics of knee and ankle joints of long-term Tai Chi practitioners during brush-knee twist-step and normal walking, and explore the neuromuscular control strategies of Tai Chi to prevent falls. Methods Vicon motion capture system, Kistler force plate, and Noraxon sEMG system were synchronously used to collect the EMG signals of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior muscle, lateral head of gastrocnemius and body posture information during brush-knee twist-step and normal walking. The pre-activation and co-contraction of knee and ankle joints were calculated by integrated EMG of the rectus femoris/biceps femoris, tibial anterior/lateral gastrocnemius muscles. Results Compared with normal walking, the average time of brush-knee twist-step in four phases was significantly increased. There was a significant difference in the percentage of time in four phases. The knee joint co-contraction level and pre-activation level decreased, and the ankle joint co-contraction level and pre-activation level increased. Conclusions Long-term Tai Chi exercises may increase the activation level of the muscles around knee joints and enhance the synergy in muscle groups to help stabilize the joint. The results provide references for rehabilitation assessment and training of neuromuscular control disorders.
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To explore the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of Tai Ji Quan for post-stroke depression (PSD), literature related to Tai Ji Quan and PSD were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full- text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), and PubMed, screened and then summarized. The results showed that Tai Ji Quan could effectively improve the depression and quality of life of stroke patients, and there were differences in the clinical efficacy among different training programs. Tai Ji Quan has the characteristics of "regulating mind", "regulating breath", and "regulating body". It may achieve the effect of "combined physique-spirit treatment" by improving social psychology, increasing the level of neurotrophin, regulating neuroendocrine, reducing inflammatory factors, and regulating neural circuits.
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Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) are regarded as major therapies of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and welcomed by increasing practitioners worldwide for their efficacy in various health issues. To better learn about the popularity of TCQ in the United States, the related data collected from 2007, 2012 and 2017 questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were examined and analyzed. The result showed that adult TCQ practitioners in the US increased substantially from 2007-2017, the percentage of Tai Chi practitioners in adult population was 1.0% in 2007, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; Tai Chi practitioners was 1.1% in 2012, and Qigong practitioners 0.3%; in 2017, Tai Chi practitioners was 1.5%, and Qigong practitioners 0.5%. The top three reasons for using TCQ were: 82.4% for general wellness or disease prevention, 64.6% to improve or enhance energy, and 35.1% recommended by family, friends or co-workers. The health benefits of TCQ, the demand for complementary therapies and increasing research evidences were positive factors for the growth, while there are also challenges including insufficiencies in scientific researches and lacking of standardized teaching system. To promote the future development of TCQ in the US and oversea countries, we should optimize the research methods and standardize the teaching system, encourage the exchange and training of TCQ related professionals, and promote the integration of TCQ into conventional medical system and other related industries.
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Although anti-thrombotic therapy has been successful for prevention of deaths from acute myocardial infarction (MI), by far, there are few preventive and therapeutic options for ischemic heart failure (IHF) after MI. Qi-Tai-Suan (QTS) is an oleanolic acid (OA) derivative which once underwent a clinical trial for treating hepatitis. In this study, we investigated the potential cardioprotective effect of QTS on IHF. IHF mouse model was constructed by coronary artery ligation in male C57BL/6J mice, and the protective effects of QTS on IHF were examined by echocardiography measurement, histological and TUNEL analysis, etc. We found that QTS exhibited promising cardioprotective effect on IHF. QTS treatment significantly improved cardiac function of IHF mice and the symptoms of heart failure. Notably, QTS had much better oral bioavailability (F = 41.91%) in mice than its parent drug OA, and took effects mainly as its original form. Mechanistically, QTS ameliorated ischemic heart failure likely through suppression of cardiac apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Taken together, QTS holds great promise as a preventive and therapeutic agent for ischemic heart failure and related diseases.