Résumé
Resumen La transformación reciente de la Universidad latinoamericana ha sido definida por las necesidades y premisas del modelo neoliberal. En este artículo tratamos algunos de sus impactos sociales en Colombia por medio del análisis de las lógicas que tales transformaciones han implicado para las universidades privadas; en particular, la gestión académica, la contratación y evaluación docente, así como la producción de conocimiento. Puesto que se trata de un modelo universitario en función del mercado, las estrategias de control epistemológico en las instituciones privadas delimitan no solo las posibilidades de vincular la investigación a sectores sociales subalternos, sino también la promoción de conocimientos considerados improductivos. Como límites corporativos al conocimiento crítico del país, tales impactos no solo dan cuenta de los efectos del modelo neoliberal, sino que han sido una de las estrategias para su profundización.
Abstract The recent transformation of the Latin American university has been defined by the needs and premises of the neoliberal model. In this article, we discuss some of its social impacts in Colombia through the analysis of the logics that such transformations have implied for private universities; in particular, academic management, teacher recruitment, and teacher evaluation, as well as knowledge production. Since it is a market-driven university model, the strategies of epistemological control, in private institutions, limit not only the possibilities of linking research to subaltern social sectors, but also the promotion of knowledge considered unproductive. As corporate limits to critical knowledge in the country, such impacts not only account for the effects of the neoliberal model, but also have been one of the strategies for its deepening.
Résumé
Las buenas prácticas docentes requieren del diseño de distintas formas de medición al ser un tema de especial relevancia para determinar la calidad de la educación superior. Una gran parte de las buenas prácticas corresponden a comportamientos desarrollados por el profesor en el aula de clase, lo que se puede medir y analizar mediante metodología observacional. Se seleccionaron diez profesores de la Universidad de La Laguna (España) y siete de la Universidad de Guadalajara (México), codificando sus comportamientos mediante una escala de calificación y los patrones comportamentales de interacción con el alumnado mediante el Protocolo de Observación de Funciones Docentes (PROFUNDO_UNI). El análisis secuencial de retardos extrajo patrones significativos relacionados con la retroalimentación a las preguntas del alumnado, el refuerzo dado y el fomento a la participación de los estudiantes.
The best teaching practices, an issue of particular relevance in determining the quality of higher education, requires different forms of measuring design. A big part of good practice in teacher performance corresponds to behaviors developed by the teacher in the classroom, which can be measured and analyzed using observational methodology. The study evaluates ten teachers from the University of La Laguna (Spain) and seven from Guadalajara (Mexico). Their behavior was coded using a rating scale and the behavioral interaction patterns with students were coded using the Observational Protocol of Teaching Functions (Protocolo de Observación de Funciones Docentes, PROFUNDO_UNI). The lag sequential analysis extracted significant patterns related to the feedback given to questions from the students, the reinforcement and the encouragement given to the students for their participation.
Sujets)
Éducation , Corps enseignantRésumé
O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar as perspectivas de professores de Psicologia e de seus alunos sobre comportamento criativo dos primeiros em sala de aula e correlacionar as respostas dos dois grupos sobre o mais e o menos criativo. Os participantes foram seis professores e 23 universitários que consentiram em colaborar com a pesquisa respondendo a uma escala de avaliação da criatividade, o Inventário de Práticas Docentes para a Criatividade na Educação Superior, desenvolvida no Brasil. Houve correlação significativa na avaliação de aspectos do comportamento do professor considerados como apresentando criatividade na avaliação dos dois grupos e na do professor mais criativo, mas não em relação ao professor menos criativo...
The aim of the research was to study the perspective of teachers of Psychology and of their students about the creativity behavior of the firsts ones in class and to correlate responses of the two groups about the most and less creative. The participants were six teachers and 23 college students who agreed to participate in the research answering a scale of creativity assessment, The Teaching Practices for Creativity in Higher Education, developed in Brazil. It was found significant correlation between teachers behaviors considered as presenting creativity in the assessments of the two groups and the evaluation of the most creative teacher, but not regarding the teacher considered less creative...
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Créativité , Psychologie , EnseignementRésumé
El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar y validar una pauta para la evaluación del proceso de enseñanza clínica en radiología; Medicina Universidad Católica, Radiología 32 ítems (MEDUC-RX32). Se utilizó metodología mixta para el desarrollo del instrumento: dos entrevistas grupales (residentes y docentes) y una individual a un jefe de programa de radiología. Utilizando técnica Delfi modificada para lograr acuerdo, un panel de validez nacional evaluó la importancia de cada ítem. El panel Delfi refinó el instrumento de 88 a 32 ítems luego de dos rondas. La pauta final fue piloteada en 55 residentes del programa. El instrumento definitivo presenta alta confiabilidad (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,957). El promedio de las evaluaciones del desempeño de los docentes fue de 6,23 mas menos 0,8 (escala Likert 0 a 7) constituyéndose en una pauta válida y confiable para la evaluación de docentes de programas de la especialidad de radiología en países de habla hispana.
The objective of this study is to develop and validate a guideline for the evaluation of the clinical teaching process in radiology; Catholic University Medical School, Radiology 32 items (MEDUC-RX32). A mixed methodology was used for the development of the questionnaire; two interview groups (residents and faculty) and one individual to a radiology program head. Using a modified Delphi technique to reach an agreement, a national validity panel assessed the importance of each item. The Delphi panel refined the questionnaire from 88 to 32 items after two rounds. The final guideline was perfomed in 55 residents of the program. The final instrument shows high reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.957). The average performance evaluations of teachers was 6.23 ± 0.8 (Likert scale 0 to 7) becoming a valid and reliable guideline for teacher evaluation of programs in the specialty of radiology, in Spanish speaking countries.
Sujets)
Enquêtes et questionnaires , Corps enseignant , Évaluation des acquis scolaires/méthodes , Radiologie , Chili , Enseignement médical , Recherche qualitativeRésumé
This study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of the indicators and items on teacher evaluations for professional development and to provide insight for their improvement. To accomplish this, the perception of the importance and performance frequency of 318 nutrition teachers regarding their roles inherent in the indicators and items were evaluated through a survey questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. In addition, the reflective analysis and constant comparison method were employed to analyze the responses to the open-ended questions asking problems in the indicators and items. The results revealed that the mean scores for the importance and performance frequency of most indicators and items were over four points, which implies that most indicators and items are appropriate for evaluating the job tasks of nutrition teachers. However, it was suggested that a few items be revised or removed for their improvement and appropriateness. This study concluded that nutrition teachers should have more chances to provide nutrition education for students to enable them to perform as teachers and not simply dietitians.
Sujets)
Humains , Enquêtes et questionnairesRésumé
Se describe el diseño, construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar las competencias docentes de los profesores de pregrado de la Universidad Católica de Colombia. El instrumento evalúa siete competencias básicas para el ejercicio de la función docente: planificación curricular, utilización adecuada de diseño metodológico y organización de actividades de enseñanza, competencia científica tecnológica, interacción adecuada con estudiantes, competencia para evaluar, competencia para realizar tutorías, autorreflexión sobre la práctica docente. Se construyeron así los indicadores de competencias del docente de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, prueba que fue validada por medio del juicio de 60 expertos. Con los resultados se diseñó el instrumento de evaluación de las competencias, que una vez ajustado fue aplicado a 20 docentes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Colombia.
We describe the design, construction and validation processes of a instrumentaimed to the evaluation of teaching skills of the Catholic University of Colombias undergraduate level teachers. The instrument evaluatesseven skills that are basic to the exercise of teaching: curriculum planning, appropriate usage of methodological designs and organization of teaching activities, scientific technological competence, appropriate interaction with students, evaluative competence, tutorial skills, and self-reflection on teaching practices. The indicators of teachers competence were thus constructed, and the test was validated by the opinion of 60 expert judges. The results of this process were used to design the final instrument, which once adjusted, was applied to 20 teachers of the Catholic University of Colombia.
Sujets)
Éducation/organisation et administration , UniversitésRésumé
Antecedentes: La evaluación de la actividad docente llevada a cabo por la opinión de los estudiantes es un proceso que ha tenido su desarrollo en el Programa Académico de Odontología desde hace aproximadamente diez años. Este tipo de evaluación tiene su origen formal en la década de 1920 del siglo pasado en universidades de Europa y de Estados Unidos. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados del desempeño docente según una encuesta realizada a los estudiantes del Programa Académico de Odontología entre 2005 y 2007, y determinar si existe diferencia significativa en el desempeño docente según la categoría y las áreas de formación del programa. Método: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con los cuestionarios de evaluación de la docencia realizados por los estudiantes del Programa Académico de Odontología de la Universidad del Valle entre los años 2005 a 2007.Resultados: Se evaluaron 474 profesores en total. El promedio durante los cinco semestres evaluados para los profesores fue de 4.4. Se encontró que en cuatro de los cinco semestres analizados hay diferencias significativas en los resultados de la evaluación por los estudiantes en la variable categoría docente. Además, que no existen diferencias significativas en la evaluación por los estudiantes en el área de formación del Programa Académico.
Background: Teaching activity evaluation as a result of students opinion is a process that has been developing in the Dentist Academic Program for approximately ten years. This kind of evaluation has its formal origin in American and European universities during the 1920´s. Objective: To analyze the results of the teachers performance trends according to the inquiries undertaken by the Dentist Academic Program students of the Universidad del Valle from 2005 to 2007, and to determine if there are significant differences in the teachers evaluation results according to academic ranks and program formation areas.Method: A descriptive transversal study was carried out, with teaching evaluation questionnaires undertaken by students of the Dentist Academic Program of the Universidad del Valle during 2005 and 2007. Results: A total of 474 teachers were evaluated. The average results during the five semesters evaluated for the teachers were 4.4. It was found that in four of the five semesters analyzed do exist significant differences in the results of the evaluation by the students at the level of teachers academic ranks. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the results of the students evaluation for the Academic Program Areas.