Résumé
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Abstract Introduction: Continuous increase in the use of social networks and the Internet, especially in the adolescent population, requires an in-depth study of the phenomenon, identifying its problematic use and the factors related to a possible risk of addiction. Objective: Evaluate the risk of addiction to social networks and the Internet and its relationship with life and social-emotional skills in a sample of adolescents. Method: A non-experimental correlational-level quantitative study was carried out, with the sample of 221 students from a public school. Was aplied the Adolescent Risk Scale for Addiction to Social Media and Internet, Life Skills Scale and some scales to assess socio-emotional skills. Results: Was found a medium level of risk of addiction in the study sample M 2,5 (Dt 0,6), showing the statistically significant difference in addiction symptoms (p=0,001), social use (p=0,044) and nomophobia (p=0,002) with the higher scores in the female gender, and in friki traits (p=0,001) with the higher scores in the male gender. Scores between M 1,4 (Dt 0,2) and M 2,0 (Dt 0,8) indicated a low level of life skills, with a statistically significant difference in all ten constitutive dimensions with the higher scores in the female gender. The socio-emotional skills was indicated the statistically significant difference in self-esteem (p=0,002), self-efficacy (p=0,000), life satisfaction (p=0,001) and tolerance to frustration (p=0,001) with the higher scores in the male gender. Resilience (p=0,019) and social skills (p=0,015) were significantly higher in women. Were identified negative correlations between variables: total risk of addiction with life skills (r=-0,475/p=0,009); friki traits with empathy (r=-0,140/p=0,037), emotion management (r=-0,159/ p=0,018), resilience (r=-0,245/p=0,000) and self-efficacy (r=-0,238/p=0,000); nomophobia with self-efficacy (r=-0,163/p=0,015) and frustration tolerance (r=-0,223/p=0,001); addiction symptoms with life satisfaction (r=-0,119/p=0,008) and tolerance to frustration (r=-0,357/p=0,000); social use of networks with the management of tensions and stress (r=-0,169/p=0,012). Also, positive correlations were identified between the use of social networks and some dimensions of social skills. Conclusions: The deficiencies in the soft skills of adolescents could be related to the increased risk of adiction to social networks and the Internet. On the other hand, a good development of these skills, added to other protective factors, could contribute to a responsible and careful management of the virtual world.
Resumo Introdução: O aumento contínuo do uso das redes sociais e da Internet, principalmente na população adolescente, requer um aprofundamento do fenômeno, identificando tanto seu uso problemático quanto os fatores relacionados a um possível risco de dependência. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de dependência às redes sociais e à Internet e sua relação com habilidades de vida e socioemocionais em uma amostra de adolescentes. Método: Estudo quantitativo, não experimental, correlacional, com desenho transversal; A amostra foi composta por 221 alunos de uma escola pública; A Rede Social e Escala de Risco de Dependência da Internet (ERA-RSI), escala de habilidades para a vida e várias escalas foram usadas para avaliar habilidades socioemocionais. Resultados: Um nível médio de risco de dependência foi identificado na amostra do estudo M 2,5 (Dt 0,6), mostrando a diferença estatisticamente significativa nos sintomas de dependência (p=0,001), uso social (p=0,044) e nomofobia (p=0,002 ) em favor do gênero feminino e em traços geek (p=0,001) em favor do gênero masculino. Escores entre M 1,4 (Dt 0,2) e M 2,0 (Dt 0,8) indicaram baixo nível de habilidades para a vida, com diferença estatisticamente significativa em todas as dez dimensões constitutivas a favor do gênero feminino. As habilidades socioemocionais mostraram uma diferença estatisticamente significativa na autoestima (p=0,002), autoeficácia (p=0,000), satisfação com a vida (p=0,001) e tolerância à frustração (p=0,001) a favor do gênero masculino. Resiliência (p=0,019) e habilidades sociais (p=0,015) foram significativamente maiores nas mulheres. Foram identificadas correlações negativas entre as variáveis: risco total de dependência com habilidades para a vida (r=-0,475 / p=0,009); Traços de geek com empatia (r=-0,140 / p=0,037), gerenciamento de emoção (r=-0,159 / p=0,018), resiliência (r=-0,245 / p=0,000) e autoeficácia (r=-0,238 / p=0,000); Nomofobia com autoeficácia (r=-0,163 / p=0,015) e tolerância à frustração (r=-0,223 / p=0,001); sintomas de vício com satisfação com a vida (r=-0,119 / p=0,008) e tolerância à frustração (r=-0,357 / p=0,000); uso social de redes com o gerenciamento de tensões e estresse (r=-0,169 / p=0,012). Da mesma forma, foram identificadas correlações positivas entre o uso de redes sociais e várias dimensões constituintes das habilidades sociais. Conclusões: As deficiências nas soft skills de adolescentes podem estar relacionadas ao aumento do risco de dependência de redes sociais e Internet. Por outro lado, um bom desenvolvimento dessas habilidades, somado a outros fatores de proteção, pode contribuir para uma gestão responsável e cuidadosa do mundo virtual.
Résumé
The study aims at understanding the situation of Chinese residents' access to Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet and analyze its influencing factors. A multi-stage PPS sampling method was used to collect 90 720 people for questionnaire survey. The survey found thatthe probability of Chinese residents accessing Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet was 54.7%. The females(with the males as reference, OR=1.076, 95% CI 1.018-1.137) and central population(with the east as reference, OR=1.235, 95% CI 1.048-1.456), people with Chinese medicine health culture literacy(with the people who do not have Chinese medicine health culture literacy as reference, OR=2.363, 95% CI 1.976-2.827) had a higher probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. Referring to people who were illiterate or less literate,the OR values of people who went to elementary school, junior school, high school/vocational/technical school and junior college/university was 2.396(95% CI 2.062-2.784),4.481(95% CI 3.751-5.352), 6.687(95% CI 5.541-8.07),and 9.109(95% CI 7.385-11.235). The higher the age, the lower the probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. Taking civil servants as a reference, teachers, students, farmers, and workers had a low probability of acquiring Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet. The OR values was 0.736(95% CI 0.548-0.988),0.609(95% CI 0.449-0.826), 0.424(95% CI 0.325-0.554),and 0.707(95% CI 0.539-0.927). Regions, gender, age, education level, occupation, and possession of Chinese medicine health culture literacy are factors influencing whether residents obtain Chinese medicine health culture knowledge through the Internet.
Sujets)
Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Compétence informationnelle en santé , Internet , Médecine traditionnelle chinoise , Enquêtes et questionnairesRésumé
This paper identified and analyzed some interactions on the internet in the daily of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA) in Brazil. As methods we made interviews with PLHA analyzed by content analysis and a virtual ethnography of a secret group of PLHA on Facebook. These are the following results: sociability produced in the internet helps to reduce suffering in relation to prejudice; there are not many welcoming zones for PLHA on the internet; PLHA linked to social networks have more encouragement to not give up the medication; negotiations about medication and symptoms take place in social networks. We conclude that there is a need to have welcoming zones to PLHA on the internet guaranteed by public policy; medical education needs to cover issues related to the internet and health.(AU)
O estudo identificou e analisou algumas interações na internet no cotidiano de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) no Brasil. Como método, realizamos entrevistas com PVHA utilizando análise de conteúdo e uma etnografia virtual de um grupo fechado de PVHA no Facebook. Chegamos aos seguintes resultados: a sociabilidade produzida na internet ajuda a reduzir o sofrimento em relação ao preconceito; não há muitos espaços de acolhimento para PVHA na internet; PVHA vinculadas às redes sociais têm mais incentivo para não desistir da medicação; as negociações sobre medicação e sintomas ocorrem nas redes sociais. Conclui-se que há necessidade de ter espaços de acolhimento às PVHA na internet garantidas por políticas públicas; educação médica precisa abordar questões relacionadas à internet e saúde.(AU)
El estudio identificó y analizó algunas interacciones en internet en el cotidiano de personas que viven con VIH/SIDA (PVHA) en Brasil. Como método, realizamos entrevistas con PVHA utilizando análisis de contenido y una etnografía virtual de un grupo cerrado de PVHA en Facebook. Llegamos a los resultados siguientes: la sociabilidad producida en internet ayuda a reducir el sufrimiento con relación al prejuicio; no hay muchos espacios de acogida para PVHA en internet; PVHA vinculadas a las redes sociales tienen mayor incentivo para no desistir de la medicación; las negociaciones sobre medicación y síntomas ocurren en las redes sociales. Se concluye que existe la necesidad de tener espacios de acogida a PVHA en internet aseguradas por políticas públicas; la educación médica precisa abordar cuestiones relacionadas a internet y a la salud.(AU)
Résumé
Objective To investigate college students' awareness and cognition of 84 shared courses on the Internet and analyze the discrepancies between different ethnicity and majors in Xinjiang Medical University. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted with questionnaire of 1 448 students of 26 classes in Xinjiang Medical University. The survey aimed to investigate students' awareness and cognition of these In- ternet courses. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0, and the test level α=0.05. Result The hits of preventative medicine, Chinese medicine, clinical medicine and pharmacy were 19.0%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 11.9% respectively. Among the courses whose hits exceeded 50,000, clinical medicine accounted for 50%, preventive medicine for 21.4%, Chinese medicine and pharmacy for 14.3% respectively, there being no significant difference in overall hits (P>0.05). 90.1% of the surveyed students knew shared courses on the Internet, there being no difference between gender, ethnicity and profession (P>0.05). 89.8% had an accurate understanding of the concept of shared courses on the Internet, there being differences between gender and major ( χ2gender=11.013, P=0.026; χ2major=136.08, P=0.000) without significant differences in ethnicity ( χ2=11.378, P=0.497). 71.9% of the students used shared courses on the Internet as reference resources for the course study, 46.6% for the learning content, 35.5%for the understanding of other resources related to the course, 30.1% for lab-class and exercises, 10% for discussion on online course forum. The Han and Kazak students used the courses as a study, experiment and exercise tool, while the Uyghur and Kazak mainly used these for learning and discussion on the forum, there being differences in ethnicity ( χ2=26.889, P=0.001); the usage rate of the courses of preventive medicine students is higher, whereas pharmacy students relatively low, there being significant differences in major ( χ2=38.01, P=0.004). The Kazakh and Uygur students mainly used the courses to formulate learning plans, and the Han students to learn the current curriculum. 44.7% of preventive medicine students used the courses to improve their abilities, which was significantly higher than those of other majors. Only 18.4% and 1% of pharmacy students used the courses to formulate learning plans and to improve their abilities, which were both lower than those of other majors, showing ethnic and professional differences ( χ2ethnic=37.654, P=0.001; χ2major=73.68, P=0.000). Conclusion Students' awareness of shared courses on the Internet is high and their cognition is accurate. However, there are differences in the ways and purposes of the employment of the courses between different ethnicity and majors. The main reason may be related to major, the quality of the courses, as well as the lack of effec-tive supervision and evaluation system, suggesting that the management department in our university should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of the courses and give full play to the important role of shared courses on the Internet.
Résumé
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo quantitativo foi descrever o perfil discriminante entre relacionamentos amorosos mediados pela internet e relacionamentos amorosos não mediados por esta de 86 participantes. As variáveis que discriminaram os grupos foram decisão/compromisso, paixão, intimidade, satisfação, tempo geral de uso diário de internet, tempo diário de uso de internet direcionado para manter contato social e problemas conjugais. A internet tem sido utilizada para contatos amorosos, porém os resultados deste estudo indicam que ela serve essencialmente como meio para aproximar pessoas que talvez nunca se encontrassem sem esse recurso; contudo, sugere-se que a continuidade do relacionamento depende do encontro presencial.
Abstract The aim of this study quantitative is to describe the discriminant profile between loving relationships mediated and unmediated by the Internet 86 participants. The variables that distinguished the groups were decision/commitment, passion, intimacy, satisfaction, overall time of daily Internet use, daily Internet time directed to maintain social contact and relationship problems. The Internet has been used for the development of relationships, however, the results suggest that it serves primarily as a way of bringing people who may never meet without the help of this technological tool together. Although the continuity of the relationship with higher levels of satisfaction depends on the personal meeting.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio cuantitativo fue describir el perfil discriminante entre relaciones amorosas mediadas por internet y relaciones amorosas no mediadas por esta de 86 participantes. Las variables que discriminaron los grupos fueron decisión/compromiso, pasión, intimidad, satisfacción, tiempo general de uso diario de internet, tiempo diario de uso de internet para mantener contacto social y problemas conyugales. El internet se ha utilizado para contactos amorosos, pero los resultados del estudio señalan que ella sirve esencialmente como medio para acercar personas que tal vez nunca se hubieran encontrado sin este recurso; sin embargo, se sugiere que la continuidad de la relación depende del encuentro presencial.
Résumé
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo indagar en las principales mediaciones que inciden en el proceso de uso social de Internet por parte de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Habana, en el curso 2015-2016. Se indagó en las mediaciones que influyen en los procesos de usos sociales que hacen de Internet los estudiantes de las carreras de Ciencias de la Información, Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Habana. Se empleó el enfoque mixto de investigación a partir de la triangulación de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas como el cuestionario y la entrevista en profundidad. Se obtuvo como resultado que los estudiantes comparten mediaciones comunes: grupo generacional carreras relacionadas con las TIC, por lo cual hacen uso intensivo de Internet propiciado en parte por las distintas asignaturas que reciben de corte tecnológico. En su mayoría provienen de padres con altos niveles de instrucción y la mayor parte de ellos accedió por primera vez a Internet al ingresar en la Universidad, lo que resultó una mediación institucional importante en el uso de Internet. Los principales usos sociales que hacen los estudiantes de Internet son fundamentalmente académicos y luego de socialización, entre los que se destaca el amplio uso de las redes sociales. La institución universitaria constituye una de las instancias mediadoras más importantes que condicionan estos procesos al posibilitar el acceso para todos y las competencias principales para el uso social de manera consciente y crítica(AU)
The purpose of the study was to inquire into the main mediations influencing the process of social use of the Internet by students from the School of Communication of the University of Havana in the school year 2015-2016, particularly mediations influencing social use of the Internet by students of Information Sciences, Social Communication and Journalism from the School of Communication. The research applied a mixed approach based on quantitative and qualitative triangulation techniques such as questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Results show that students share common mediations: the generational group is ICT-related majors, due to which students make intensive use of the Internet, partly motivated by the various technology subjects they receive. Most students' parents have a high schooling level, and most of them had Internet access for the first time upon entering the University, an important institutional mediation in the use of the Internet. The main social uses students make of the Internet are academic, followed by socialization, including broad use of social networks. The university institution is one the most important mediators conditioning these processes, for it provides general Internet access as well as training in the main competencies needed for conscious and critical social use(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Sciences de l'information , Internet , JournalismeRésumé
Objective To design a POCT quality management system based on the Internet of things so as to standardize POCT quality management.Methods The existing problems in POCT quality management were analyzed.Taking portable blood glucose meters as an example,the quality management system of POCT-Internet of things was designed based on the all aspects of data acquisition,transmission,server management and storage,etc.Results The POCT quality management system based on the Internet of things and medical cloud technology was designed.The system could implement the management of POCT operators and devices,monitor the realtime quality control data and reports,and facilitate the administrators to analyze the quality problems in the whole process of POCT management.Conclusion The designed POCT quality management system based on the Internet of things has the theory feasibility.
Résumé
This paper discusses the on-going research on the phenomenon of bullying in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Stockholm University. The paper describes the reasons, and how to contribute with an understanding of bullying as a social group phenomenon, and specifically focuses on inductive ethnographic and cyberethnographic approaches toward peer-to-peer interactions in schools, preschools and on the Internet. The understanding of this phenomenon is based on a Swedish interdisciplinary approach which includes children's perspectives. The objective is to explore bullying as a complex social group phenomenon which allows for a focus on the process of bullying, thus creating an opportunity for the enhancement of the understanding of inter- and intra-connected actions and perspectives. This article is intended to contribute to a discussion on a broadening of the conceptualization of the phenomenon of bullying.
Este documento plantea la investigación permanente sobre el fenómeno de matoneo en el Departamento de Estudios de Niñez y Juventud de la Universidad de Estocolmo. El documento describe las razones, y cómo contribuir con el entendimiento del matoneo como un fenómeno de un grupo social, y específicamente se enfoca en el empleo de etnografía inductiva y ciber-etnografía hacia las interacciones entre pares en los colegios, preescolar y en Internet. La comprensión de este fenómeno se basa en un enfoque interdisciplinario sueco que incluye las perspectivas de los niños. El objetivo es explorar el matoneo como un fenómeno de grupo social complejo, que permite un enfoque en el proceso de matoneo, y por tanto creando una oportunidad de ampliar el entendimiento de acciones y perspectivas inter e intra- conectadas. La intensión de este artículo es contribuir a la discusión de ampliar la conceptualización del fenómeno del bullying.
Este artigo discute a pesquisa em curso sobre o fenômeno do bullying no Departamento de Estudos da Criança e da Juventude na Universidade de Estocolmo. O documento descreve as razões, e como contribuir com a compreensão do bullying como um fenômeno social de grupo e, especificamente, enfoca-se em abordagens etnográficas e cyber-etnográficas indutivas sobre interações entre pares em escolas, pré-escolas e internet. A compreensão deste fenômeno está baseado numa abordagem interdisciplinar sueca que inclui a perspectiva das crianças. O objetivo é explorar o bullying como um fenômeno social complexo de grupo que permite enfocar o processo de bullying criando, assim, uma oportunidade para melhorar o conhecimento das ações e perspectivas inter e intra-conectadas. Este artigo tem a intenção de contribuir para uma discussão sobre a ampliação da conceptualização do bullying.
Sujets)
Humains , Brimades , Établissements scolaires , Internet , École maternelleRésumé
Resumen La campaña electoral en España está regulada por la ley orgánica de régimen electoral general 5/1985, que no contempla ninguna medida específica para la cibercampaña. Este vacío legal motiva a los emisores a realizar una interpretación de la norma cuando se comunican en internet durante este periodo. Con el fin de explorar si el nuevo tempo y forma de comunicación en internet se corresponde con un nuevo espacio comunicativo, este estudio analiza los mensajes que políticos, periodistas y ciudadanos se intercambiaron en la jornada de reflexión de las últimas elecciones generales españolas (2011) y muestra cómo esta jornada, comprendida hasta la fecha como un día de reflexión silenciosa, cobra un nuevo sentido en internet.
Abstract Electoral campaigns in Spain are governed by Organic Law 5/1985 on the general election system, which does not include any specific measures on cybercampaigns. This legal vacuum has led the media to come up with their own interpretion of the regulations when engaging in Internet communications during this period. In order to explore whether the new speed and style of communicating by Internet is matched by a new communication space, this article analyzes the messages that politicians, journalists and citizens exchanged during the day of reflection in Spain’s last general election (2011), showing how what has, until now, been seen as a day of silent reflection takes on a new meaning with the Internet.
Sujets)
Humains , Moyens de communication/législation et jurisprudence , Internet/législation et jurisprudence , Politique , Participation communautaire , Démocratie , Réglementation gouvernementale , EspagneRésumé
Os atendimentos psicológicos pela internet são uma prática recente, que vem recebendo crescente atenção de profissionais e pesquisadores. Há poucos estudos sobre o tema no Brasil, sendo necessário investigá-lo e compreendê-lo. A resolução 012/2005 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia regulamenta os serviços psicológicos mediados por computador, entre os quais destaca-se a orientação psicológica on-line. O presente estudo, de delineamento qualitativo e exploratório, teve por objetivo investigar a percepção dos profissionais acerca da orientação psicológica on-line, com foco na relação estabelecida com os clientes. Participaram da pesquisa quatro profissionais, homens e mulheres, com diferentes idades, práticas e tempo de atuação profissional. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizadas entrevistas on-line individuais semiestruturadas. Os participantes foram selecionados a partir de sites de atendimento on-line regulamentados pelo CFP. A análise dos dados foi feita através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Em relação aos resultados, foi possível perceber que essa prática possui limites e potencialidades. Conclui-se que o vínculo estabelecido nessa relação é diferenciado, mas possibilita a realização dos objetivos do atendimento e o acolhimento do cliente. Os atendimentos pela internet constituem uma prática nova, que necessita ser estudada, a fim de gerar maior entendimento e esclarecimento na área, para profissionais e clientes...
Psychological online treatments are a recent practice which has been receiving growing attention from professionals and researchers. There are few studies on this subject in Brazil, and further investigation to better understand it is needed. Resolution 012/2005 of the Federal Council of Psychology regularizes the computer-mediated psychological services, among which online counseling is highlighted. Using a qualitative and exploratory design, the present study aimed to investigate the perception of professionals about online counseling, focusing on the relationship established with clients. Four professionals, men and women, of different ages, practices and time of professional exercise were interviewed. Semi-structured online individual interviews were used for data collection. Participants were chosen from regularized sites registered at the Federal Council of Psychology. Content analysis of Bardin was carried out for data analysis. Regarding the study results, it was possible to observe that this practice presents both limits and potentialities. We concluded that the bond established in this relationship is different from that observed in regular clinical practice, but it allows for achievement of treatment goals and fulfillment of clients' expectancies. Online treatments constitute a new practice which needs to be studied in order to generate greater understanding and enlightenment to the area, representing benefits for both professionals and clients...
Los tratamientos psicológicos por Internet son una práctica reciente, que ha sido objeto de una atención cada vez mayor por parte de profesionales e investigadores. Existen pocos estudios sobre este tema en Brasil, por lo tanto es necesario investigarlo y comprenderlo. Por Resolución 012/2005 del Consejo Federal de Psicología se regulan los servicios psicológicos mediados por ordenador, entre los que destaca el asesoramiento psicológico online. El presente estudio, de diseño cualitativo y exploratorio, tuvo como objetivo investigar las percepciones de los profesionales sobre el asesoramiento psicológico online, centrándose en la relación establecida con los clientes. Los participantes fueron cuatro profesionales, hombres y mujeres, de diferentes edades, prácticas y tiempo de actuación profesional. Para la recolección de datos, se usaron entrevistas individuales online, semi-estructuradas. Los participantes fueron seleccionados de entre sites de tratamiento online regulados por el Consejo Federal de Psicología. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido de Bardin. En cuanto a los resultados, se reveló que esta práctica tiene límites y potencialidades. Se concluye que el vínculo que se establece en esta relación es diferente, pero permite la realización de los objetivos del tratamiento y la acogida del cliente. Los tratamientos por Internet son una nueva práctica, que debe ser estudiada con el fin de generar un mayor entendimiento y aclaración en el área de conocimiento, para profesionales y clientes...
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adulte , Passage à l'acte , Comportement , Internet , OrientationRésumé
El propósito de este estudio cualitativo es caracterizar los textos consultados por los alumnos cuando buscan información en Internet mediante un buscador en situaciones didácticas de estudio, e identificar las prácticas de lectura que realizan. La población está constituida por 25 alumnos de 5º grado de escuela primaria. Los datos son recolectados mediante observaciones de aula. Los hallazgos evidencian que los alumnos se enfrentan con una lista de resultados que contiene textos generados y seleccionados por un motor automático y luego ingresan a textos escasamente contextualizados y visualizados fragmentariamente. Las lecturas exploratorias de reconocimiento y localización propuestas en la situación didáctica generan una diversidad de propósitos en los alumnos que los orientan a hipotetizar y verificar pertinencia y confiabilidad, identificar formas de organización del texto, comprender progresivamente el contenido, seleccionarlo provisoriamente y conservarlo para futuras revisiones de significado.
The purpose of this qualitative study is to characterize texts consulted by pupils when searching for information on the internet through a search engine in didactic situations, and to identify the reading practices that pupils carry on. The population is composed by 25 fifth grade pupils from elementary school. Data is collected by classroom observations. Findings show that pupils face a results list that contains texts generated and selected by an automatic engine and then they enter barely contextualized and fragmentarily visualized texts. Exploratory readings for recognition and location which are proposed in the didactic situation bring up a variety of purposes on pupils that lead them to hypothesize and to check relevance and reliability, to identify kinds of text layout, to progressively understand contents, to provisionaly select information and to keep it for later verification of its meaning.
Résumé
O Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Gerontologia/PUC-SP desenvolve pesquisas em diversificadas linhas algumas das quais têm em comum o acolhimento à questão das novas tecnologias no envelhecimento. São investigações de caráter interdisciplinar que envolvem docentes-pesquisadores, orientandos de mestrado e de iniciação científica. Na área da educação a distância, a PUC-SP inaugura um trabalho em que o idoso interessado em avançar em seus conhecimentos é recebido em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, em que pode participar de cursos avançados de aquisição de novas linguagens e de navegação na Internet, cujas consequências são o investimento em uma via mais digna para o envelhecer no sentido de esse idoso sentir-se um ser ligado aos novos tempos em que a interatividade digital traz-lhe possibilidades ilimitadas de contatos com o outro, com o mundo enfim. A pesquisa sobre a inclusão cibersocial do idoso mostra o que significa colocar o idoso em contato com a Internet, quando este recebe, por meio das redes sociais, ofertas de várias ordens, e equipamentos que contornam limitações de ordem física ou motora. Além disso, o registro digital da memória do idoso, de sua história e referências também podem constituir conteudos preciosos para pesquisas. A relação do idoso com a informática pode situá-lo como um ator, produtor e reprodutor no ciberespaço. Isso significa que as vantagens do uso do computador fazem o idoso ganhar novo sentido na vida, na medida em que pode assim preencher o vazio causado pelas perdas que lhe vão ocorrendo, possibilitando que ele redimensione seu olhar para o presente e futuro.
The Program of Graduate Studies in Gerontology at PUC-SP develops research along diversified lines, some of which have in common the introduction of the issue of new technologies in the aging process. They constitute interdisciplinary research involving professors-researchers, those working towards a Master's degree and those beginning their scientific careers. In the area of distance learning, PUC-SP presents a pioneering initiative in which seniors interested in furthering their knowledge are received in a virtual learning environment, in which they can participate in advanced courses to acquire new languages and learn how to surf the Web. The result of this is the investment in a more dignified route for aging, in the sense that seniors will feel connected to the contemporary, in which digital inclusion brings unlimited possibilities of contacts with others, and with the world as a whole. Research on seniors' cyber/social inclusion shows what it means to enable them to get in touch with the Internet, when they receive, by means of several social networks, offers of different orders, and tools that allow them to bypass their physical or motor limitations. Furthermore, the digital register of senior memory and of their history can also make up precious subject matters for research. The relation of seniors with information technology can turn them into actors, producers and reproducers in cyberspace. This means that the advantages of using the computer enable seniors to add a new sense to their lives, in the sense that they can thus fill the void produced by their gradual losses, making it possible for them to reassess their way of looking at the present and the future.
Sujets)
Humains , Technologie , Vieillissement , Enseignement à distance , InternetRésumé
BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to compare the characteristics of medical practitioners who prefer using the Internet as their information resource and those who prefer using printed materials.<BR>METHODS: From December 2002 to January 2003, a non-anonymous questionnaire was sent out by post to members of the Japanese Medical Association (JMA) and physicians working in hospitals. Contributing factors were examined by using logistic regression analysis.<BR>RESULTS: The response rates for the questionnaires were 18.7% (n=1868) for JMA physicians and 68.0% (n=5901) for hospital physicians. Factors associated with the preference for using the Internet were: ‘younger age’; ‘use of the Internet to solve clinical problems and uncertainties’; ‘use of personal computers at work’; and, ‘use of personal computers at home’.<BR>CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that, although some younger physicians prefer printed materials, providing medical information via the Internet is better suited for younger physicians who are making full use of computers. In contrast, older physicians prefer printed materials because they tend to be less familiar with using computers and may have limited accessibility to the Internet. Therefore, using both the Internet and printed materials to provide medical information is necessary to meet the needs of the larger physician population.
Résumé
232 internet sites in Yahoo and Empas were monitored to analyze what good contents of nutrition information on line have for the internet searchers. As the sites on line were disappeared frequently, all the monitored sites were selected on April 25, 2003. 3 disciplined personnels analyzed the contents of the selected sites by using self-developed monitoring format. The results are as follows. Most of sites were administered by the marketing companies and only 8% by public institutions, associations and school. Especially, most of the contents of the sites by marketing companies were advertisement about their goods instead of nutrition information. Only 42.6% of sites indicated the sources of nutrition information. Only 10.3% of site administrators responded about on-line questions quickly within 1 day. Moreover, 46% of sites were not conformed their answering periods. On the other hand, 94.8% of sites offered more than 1 feedback methods. Monitors checked purposes offering on-line informations plurally. Leading purpose was for advertising and marketing their goods(59.5%) and 47% of them were opened for offering food and nutrition information. They offered various informations at the same time. More than half of the sites had the menus for food and nutrition information and connected sites, but the other half of them only advertised their own goods. Positive sides from monitored informations were as follows : 'communicating informations easily' (8.7%) / 'definite informations for daily living' (7.2%) / 'beneficial informations for nutritional management' (4.6%) / 'new informations' (2.1%). Negative sides of offered information were 'not enough to give scientific basis and/or to simplify special evidences too much'(60.8%) / 'to exaggerate the contents' (41.4%) / 'not to indicate the notice of side effect and/or to advertise that there are not side effect from using their goods' (34.1%).
Sujets)
Humains , Personnel administratif , Main , Internet , MarketingRésumé
232 internet sites in Yahoo and Empas were monitored to analyze what good contents of nutrition information on line have for the internet searchers. As the sites on line were disappeared frequently, all the monitored sites were selected on April 25, 2003. 3 disciplined personnels analyzed the contents of the selected sites by using self-developed monitoring format. The results are as follows. Most of sites were administered by the marketing companies and only 8% by public institutions, associations and school. Especially, most of the contents of the sites by marketing companies were advertisement about their goods instead of nutrition information. Only 42.6% of sites indicated the sources of nutrition information. Only 10.3% of site administrators responded about on-line questions quickly within 1 day. Moreover, 46% of sites were not conformed their answering periods. On the other hand, 94.8% of sites offered more than 1 feedback methods. Monitors checked purposes offering on-line informations plurally. Leading purpose was for advertising and marketing their goods(59.5%) and 47% of them were opened for offering food and nutrition information. They offered various informations at the same time. More than half of the sites had the menus for food and nutrition information and connected sites, but the other half of them only advertised their own goods. Positive sides from monitored informations were as follows : 'communicating informations easily' (8.7%) / 'definite informations for daily living' (7.2%) / 'beneficial informations for nutritional management' (4.6%) / 'new informations' (2.1%). Negative sides of offered information were 'not enough to give scientific basis and/or to simplify special evidences too much'(60.8%) / 'to exaggerate the contents' (41.4%) / 'not to indicate the notice of side effect and/or to advertise that there are not side effect from using their goods' (34.1%).
Sujets)
Humains , Personnel administratif , Main , Internet , MarketingRésumé
By studying the behaviors of surfing in the Internet of the readers in our electronic reading room,we find a majority of readers are for amusement,only a minority of readers are to study and search data.Aiming at these problems,we put forward a series of measures and management countermeasures that guide readers to make good use of the electronic reading room and give some suggestions for our future work.
Résumé
Epidemiology has played a major role in improving global health in this century. Its importance has increased in the clinical field as well. However, systematic education in epidemiology is conducted only in public health schools in Western countries ; epidemiology is not taught at medical schools. The rapidly growing Internet is being used for distance learning. We took part as teaching assistants in an Internet-based distance learning course in epidemiology offered by the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh. This is the only Internet-based distance learning lecture on epidemiology that is free of charge. Four people in Japan took this course. In this report, we share our experiences with Internet-based distance learning in epidemiology.
Résumé
Recently the change in medical informatics enabled us to use medical information whenever we want and wherever we are. There are many homepages on the web, which provide hospital information, medical counseling. Our multimedia center began its service as a internet Hospital in MIDAS Dongailbo, one of the major daily newspaper in Korea, on March 25th, 1997. The aim of this study is to examine the content and purpose of medical counseling on the web. The subjects consisted of 1,000 counsellings which were called 'Dongailbo Internet Hospital' for March, 25th, 1997 through October 30th, 1997. Many questioners wanted to know treatment principles, to make a diagnosis, and to know specific medical knowledges. The most common questions are as follows: general and unspecified, musculoskeletal, skin, digestive, respiratory, neurological problems.
Sujets)
Réseaux de communication entre ordinateurs , Assistance , Diagnostic , Internet , Corée , Informatique médicale , Multimédia , Périodique , PeauRésumé
Recently the change in medical informatics enabled us to use medical information whenever we want and wherever we are. There are many homepages on the web, which provide hospital information, medical counseling. Our multimedia center began its service as a internet Hospital in MIDAS Dongailbo, one of the major daily newspaper in Korea, on March 25th, 1997. The aim of this study is to examine the content and purpose of medical counseling on the web. The subjects consisted of 1,000 counsellings which were called 'Dongailbo Internet Hospital' for March, 25th, 1997 through October 30th, 1997. Many questioners wanted to know treatment principles, to make a diagnosis, and to know specific medical knowledges. The most common questions are as follows: general and unspecified, musculoskeletal, skin, digestive, respiratory, neurological problems.
Sujets)
Réseaux de communication entre ordinateurs , Assistance , Diagnostic , Internet , Corée , Informatique médicale , Multimédia , Périodique , PeauRésumé
In order to check unhealthy tendencies in the purchase and sale of drugs, the Drug Allocation Center of Jinshan District in Shanghai started from 1996 the practice of centralized purchase of drugs through bidding, originally handled by fax and then via the Internet by the year 2000. Specific measures adopted include: defining the mode of bidding, standardizing the system of authorizing the purchase of drugs form some pharmaceutical companies and conducting yearly checks of them according to relevant laws and regulations. The system of conducting checks at any time with regard to other pharmaceutical companies may also be adopted. On the basis of the above preparations, the computer network framework, the system model and the flow of data exchange of the bidding center should be determined and bidding via the Internet can thus be conducted thereby. Bidding via the Internet makes it possible for medical organizations to conduct zero stock management of drugs, guarantees the timely supply of drugs, is favorable to fair competition and shortens the business cycle.