Influencing factors of early activity in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on social ecological model: A qualitative study / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the main causes of disability in middle-aged and elderly people, and early activity plays an important role in functional recovery. This study aims to understand the factors that affect the implementation of early activity in patients with AIS and to provide reference for promoting early activity implementation and developing intervention strategies for AIS patients.@*METHODS@#Using purposive sampling, 19 AIS patients and their caregivers who visited at Stroke Center in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and the Third Hospital of Changsha from June to December 2021, as well as 19 medical staff, hospital administrators, or community workers providing medical health services to stroke patients, were selected as interviewes. A semi-structured interview was conducted based on the social ecological theory model, and the Colaizzi seven-step method was used to analyze the interview data.@*RESULTS@#According to qualitative interview results, the factors affecting early activity in AIS patients were summarized into 4 themes and 12 sub-themes: medical staff factors (insufficient knowledge and skills, insufficient knowledge of early activity, unclear division of responsibilities), patient factors (severity of the disease, lack of knowledge, psychological pressure, fear of falling), social environmental factors (lack of social support, shortage of human resources and rehabilitation equipment, insufficient medical insurance support), and evidence and norms (the evidence for early activity needs improvement, lack of standardized early activity procedures).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early activity in AIS patients is impacted by factors at multiple levels, including medical staff, patients, social environment, and evidence and norms. Developing comprehensive intervention strategies to address these factors can promote early activity implementation in AIS patients.

Applying queuing theory to quantitative analysis on clinical dentists / 医学研究生学报

Objective Queuing theory is the mathematical study of how waiting lines or queues are formed and dissipated o -ver time, which aims to work out the optimal design and optimal control of queuing systems based on the research of probability and regularity of various queuing systems .The aim of paper was to find out the maximum acceptable waiting time for outpatients in stomatol -ogy department and explore the rational allocation of dentists based on queuing theory model . Methods Questionnaires , worktime measurement and queuing theory model were applied to calculate indicators of queuing system in outpatient services of Stomatology De -partment , getting the maximum waiting time accpetable for patients and the reasonable number of dentists . Results The maximum acceptable waiting time for outpatients was 34.02 ±7.07 minutes, and it was reasonable to allocate 25 doctors in the morning and 16 doctors in the afternoon . Conclusion Applying queuing theory helps to optimize dentist number in outpatient services of Stomatology Department and provide scientific reference to improve medical efficiency .

Modelos conceptuales y paradigmas en salud pública / Public health conceptual models and paradigms

Introducción El proceso de transición epidemiológica propuesto por Omhran, a principio de la década de los 70s, disminución de tasa de fecundidad y aumento de esperanza de vida, aunado a las modificaciones en estilos de vida, y dieta, muestra un incremento en la mortalidad por causas crónico degenerativo. Considerando lo anterior, en este ensayo se discutirán y analizarán comparativamente algunas de las diferentes corrientes de pensamiento, tomando como hilo conductor el análisis de cambios epidemiológicos, identificados en diferentes eras o estadios y su relación con algunos de los modelos o marcos conceptuales de la salud pública. Desarrollo La discusión sobre los paradigmas en Salud Pública, origina una recapitulación histórica sobre los modelos conceptuales, desde las concepciones mágico-religiosas hasta los modelos ecológicos y socio médicos. Se retoma la propuesta de M. Susser, en su discurso sobre el futuro de la epidemiología, en el que propone tres eras en la evolución de esta disciplina. Conclusión Los cambios epidemiológicos analizados a través de diferentes enfoques, constituyen elementos de análisis que todos los modelos discutidos en este ensayo, incluyen para delimitar los aportes y variables que los determinan.

Introduction The epidemiological transition model proposed by Omhran at the beginning of the 1970s (decreased fecundity rate and increased life expectancy), together with modifications in lifestyles and diet, showed increased mortality due to chronically degenerative causes. This essay thus discusses and makes a comparative analysis of some currents of thought, taking as its common thread an analysis of epidemiological change identified in different eras or stages and relationships with some public health models or conceptual frameworks. Discussion Discussing public health paradigms leads to a historical recapitulation of conceptual models ranging from magical-religious conceptions to ecological and socio-medical models. M. Susser proposed 3 eras in this discipline's evolution in his speech on the future of the epidemiology. Conclusion The epidemiological changes analysed through different approaches constitute elements of analysis that all models discussed in this essay include to delimit the contributions and variables so determining them.