A study of ion-exchange chromatography in an expanded bed for bovine albumin recovery

In the present work, the effect of bed expansion on BSA adsorption on Amberlite IRA 410 ion-exchange resin was studied. The hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded bed adsorption column on effects of the biomolecules and salt addition and temperature were studied to optimize the conditions for BSA recovery on ion-exchange resin. Residence time distribution showed that HEPT, axial dispersion and the Pecletl number increased with temperature and bed height, bed voidage and linear velocity. The binding capacity of the resin increased with bed height. The Amberlite IRA 410 ion-exchange showed an affinity for BSA with a recovery yield of 78.36 percent of total protein.

No presente trabalho foi estudado o efeito da expansão do leito sobre a adsorção de BSA na resina de troca iônica Amberlite IRA 410. O comportamento hidrodinâmico de uma coluna de adsorção em leito expandido sob efeito da adição de biomoléculas, sal e variação da temperatura também foi estudado para obter as condições ótimas de recuperação da BSA sob a resina de troca iônica. A distribuição do tempo de residência mostrou que a HEPT, a dispersão axial e o número de Pecletl aumentaram com a temperatura, altura do leito, porosidade do leito e velocidade linear. A capacidade de ligação da resina aumentou com a expansão do leito. A resina de troca iônica Amberlite IRA 410 mostrou ter afinidade pela BSA, com uma recuperação de 78,36 por cento da proteína total.

OBESITY, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL, AND DIET OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN AN AGRICULTURAL AREA WHERE MOST PUPILS ARE DRIVEN TO AND FROM SCHOOL / 体力科学

In this study, the states of obesity, physical activity, and diet of 4 th-6 th graders were examined in an agricultural area of the Tohoku region, where many pupils are driven to and from school. The physique (height, weight), physical activity level (Select 2 ; Kenz), and nutritional intake were investigated in 32 elementary school pupils for one week.The subjects showed the following characteristics : 1) A high percentage of obese pupils, 2) a small number of walking steps, and 3) a lower percentage of obese pupils than non-obese pupils participating in sports activities. Therefore, efforts to increase the physical activity level are considered to be necessary for the prevention of obesity. For this purpose, in addition to administrative measures to increase exercise opportunities in the community such as the establishment of a general sports club, local movements such as encouraging pupils to walk to school may be effective.

Comparative study of total energy expenditure in japanese men using doubly labeled water method against activity record, heart rate monitoring, and accelerometer methods / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to examine total energy expenditure (TEE) in Japanese men under free-living conditions using various field methods, and compare these methods with the doubly labeled water method (DLW) . Ten Japanese men, aged 24.2±1.8 (mean±SD) yrs, were studied for 14 consecutive days. TEE was assessed by DLW, activity record method (AR ; using relative metabolic rate and calculated basal metabolic rate), heart rate monitoring methods (Two-line and FLEX-HR methods), and accelerometer method (AC) . Energy intake (EI) was also evaluated over the same period. Although TEE estimated by AR (2730±139 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>), Two-line (2925±433 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>), and FLEX-HR (2949±506 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>) did not differ significantly from the TEE determined by DLW (2910±524 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>), there was no significant relationship between each of these methods and DLW. In addition, El (2963±482 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>) and TEE determined by DLW were similar, and there was a significant correlation (r=0.809, P<0.01) . Compared with DLW, AC (2697±541 kcal⋅day<SUP>-1</SUP>) underestimated TEE at the group level ; however, AC was the only method to show a significant correlation with DLW (r=0.871, P<0.001) . Therefore, it seems possible that AC would accurately estimate TEE at the individual level by improving both the instrument and its methodology.

O estudo do tempo no trabalho da enfermagem: construção de atividades para implantação do método amostragem do trabalho / Time study in nursing work: construction of a tool for classification of activities for the implementation of the work sampling method

A amostragem do trabalho é um método para o estudo do tempo, que se baseia em observações intermitentes, instantâneas e casuais de atividades de um trabalhador, com o objetivo de determinar como é gasto o tempo em uma jornada de trabalho. Na presente pesquisa, a autora analisa o referencial teórico sobre o método amostragem do trabalho, para o estudo do tempo no trabalho da enfermagem e constrói um instrumento de classificação de atividades de enfermagem, para a aplicação do referido método, com o intuito de mensurar o tempo despendido no trabalho da enfermagem, em instituições hospitalares. Para analisar o referencial teórico, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico em base de dados internacionais para publicações científicas e da área da saúde. Para compor o instrumento de classificação de atividades de enfermagem, foram consideradas oito categorias de atividades: cuidados diretos de enfermagem, cuidados indiretos de enfermagem, comunicação, documentação, atividades relacionadas à unidade, tempo pessoal, tempo de espera e outras atividades. Portanto, a autora espera contribuir com uma ferramenta para o estudo do tempo no trabalho da enfermagem.

Work sampling is a method for performing time studies, based on intermittent, instant, and random observations of a worker's activities, with the goal of determining how time is spent during a work shift. In the present research, the author analyzes the theoretical aspects of the work sampling method for time study in nursing, and builds a tool for the classification of nursing activities for the application of said method, with the intention of measuring how time is spent in nursing at hospitals. For the analysis of the theoretical aspects a bibliographical search has been conducted on international data bases of scientific and health care publications. For the development of the tool for the classification of nursing activities, eight categories have been considered: direct nursing care, indirect nursing care, communication, documentation, unit-related activities, personal time, waiting time, and other activities. Therefore, the author hopes to contribute with a tool that enables time study in nursing.

Clinical Significance of Colon Transit Time Study in Patients with Chronic Constipation

PURPOSE: Measurement of colon transit time is well-known physiologic study for patients with chronic constipation. But information we get from it is frequently inconsistent with patient's complaint. This study was designed to ascertain the actual significance of that measurement. METHODS: The subjects included two groups of patients with chronic constipation. One group consists of 32 patients(group A), The other group 36 patients(group B). Colon transit time study and defecographic examinations were done using previously described methods. But the former study was a little modified in group A, in which sodium phosphate enema was given at the previous day of oral intake of radio-opaque markers. Findings of colon transit time study and their relations to the defecographic results were compared with each other. RESULTS: As for the 5th day-findings of colon transit time, 6 cases(18.7%) were abnormal in group A and 3 cases(8.4%) in group B(statistically not different). As for the 3rd day-findings, 15 cases(46.9%) were abnormal in group A and 7 cases(19.5%) in group B( statistically different, p=0.0163). Defecographic findings showed 7 cases(21.9%) of outlet obstruction pattern in group A and 9 cases(25%) in group B. Correlations between these findings and those of colonic transit time studies were not proven statistically. CONCLUSION: Colon transit time study with single marker bolus and the 5th day photography technique was considered not to reflect the actual conditions of patients with chronic constipation. But sodium phophate enema, given to patients before starting the study, seemed to enhance the accuracy of study.