General Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ Donation in a Sample of Mexican Medical and Nursing Students / Conocimientos generales y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y de enfermería / Conhecimentos gerais e atitudes para a doação de órgãos em uma amostra de estudantes mexicanos de medicina e de enfermagem

Abstract Introduction: For many patients, organ transplantation is the only alternative available to them in order to achieve extended survival with a good quality of life. However, there is a significant shortage of organs available for transplantation and Mexico has one of the lowest organ donation rates. In many cases, physicians and nurses retain contact with potential donors' relatives who are key persons in facilitating the posthumous organ donation process. The objective of this study was to explore what knowledge and attitudes Mexican medical and nursing students have toward organ donation. Materials and methods: Three hundred eighty-four students completed two questionnaires, one about organ donation knowledge and the other about attitudes toward organ donation. Results: Participants, especially nursing students, showed an inadequate level of knowledge about organ donation. Many of them falsely believe that it is possible to recover from brain death. Most students also falsely believe that there is an age limitation for organ donation, and that prevailing religions in Mexico are opposed to organ donation. There was a negative correlation between knowledge of and unfavorable attitudes toward organ donation. Conclusions: It may be necessary to review current school curriculum to ensure that future health professionals are appropriately educated about organ donation and can promote donation to help reduce the shortage of organs.

Resumen Introducción: muchas personas tienen en el trasplante de órganos su única alternativa para lograr sobrevivir con una buena calidad de vida. Sin embargo, existe una gran escasez de órganos para trasplantes, y México posee una de las tasas más bajas de donación. El personal de medicina y de enfermería está en contacto con los familiares de los posibles donadores y son personas clave para facilitar el proceso de donación de órganos post mortem. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el conocimiento y las actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y enfermería. Materiales y métodos: trescientos ochenta y cuatro estudiantes contestaron dos cuestionarios: uno sobre conocimientos y otro sobre actitudes hacia la donación de órganos. Resultados: los participantes mostraron un nivel de conocimiento inadecuado, especialmente los estudiantes de enfermería. Muchos de ellos creían que es posible recuperarse de la muerte cerebral. La mayoría de los estudiantes creen erroneamente que hay un límite de edad para donar y que las religiones que prevalecen en México se oponen a la donación de órganos. Hubo una correlación negativa entre conocimientos y actitudes desfavorables hacia la donación de órganos. Conclusiones: es necesario revisar los programas de estudio, a fin de asegurar que los futuros profesionales de la salud estén adecuadamente preparados para promover la donación y reducir la escasez de órganos.

Resumo Introdução: para muitos pacientes, o transplante de órgãos é a única alternativa para conseguir sobreviver com uma boa qualidade de vida. No entanto, existe uma grave escassez de órgãos para transplantes, e o México tem uma das taxas mais baixas de doação de órgãos. O pessoal de medicina e enfermagem têm contacto com os familiares dos possíveis doadores e são pessoas chave para facilitar o processo de doação de órgãos post-mortem. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar o conhecimento e as atitudes para a doação de órgãos em estudantes mexicanos de medicina e enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: trezentos oitenta e quatro estudantes responderam Dois questionários, um sobre conhecimentos e outro sobre atitudes sobre a doação de órgãos. Resultados: os participantes mostraram um nível de conhecimento inadequado, especialmente os estudantes de enfermagem. Muitos deles acreditavam que é possível se recuperar da morte cerebral. A maioria dos estudantes acreditavam erroneamente que há um limite de idade para doar, e que as religiões que prevalecem no México se opõe á doação de órgãos. Houve uma correlação negativa entre conhecimentos e atitudes desfavoráveis para a doação de órgãos. Conclusoes: é necessário revisar os programas de estudo para garantir que os futuros profissionais da saúde estejam adequadamente preparados para promover a doação e reduzir a escassez de órgaos.

Autogenous iliac bone graft for osteochondral lesions of the talus with subchondral cyst / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate clinical effect of autogenous iliac bone graft in treating osteochondral lesion of the talus with subchondral cyst.@*METHODS@#Twenty-two osteochondral lesion of talus patients with subchondral cyst were collected from January 2011 to December 2014, including 18 males and 4 females aged from 34 to 58 years old with an average of (46.4± 6.9) years old. All patients manifested pain and swelling of ankle joint, 7 patients manifested partially limited activity of ankle joint, 2 patients manifested unstable of ankle joint, and 2 patients manifested poor force line of foot. All lesions located on the medial side of talus dome. The area of cartilage injury ranged from 64 to 132(101.6±27.1) mm2, and diameter of subchondral cyst ranged from 9 to 15(10.5±1.8) mm. VAS score and AOFAS score were used to evaluate pain releases and recovery of ankle joint function before operation, 12 and 24 months after operation. Healing condition of autograft was assessed under arthroscopy after removal of internal fixation at 1 year after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 24 to 60 months with an average of(42.5±9.9) months. Postoperative MRI at 12 months showed autograft healed well but little cyst still seen. Bone grafting and talus healed well, and formation of fibrocartilage well under arthroscopy. Postoperative MRI at 24 months showed combination of bone grafting and surrounding bone well, and small cyst could seen but less than before. VAS score at 12 months after operation 2.8±0.8 was less than that of before operation 6.2±1.5, but had no differences compared with 24 months after operation 2.6 ±0.8 (>0.05). AOFAS score at 12 months after operation 83.0±5.6 was less than that of before operation 55.3±13.7, but had no differences compared with 24 months after operation 83.7±6.6(>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Autogenous iliac bone graft in treating osteochondral lesion of the talus with subchondral cyst could have a good synosteosis and fibrous cartilage on surface, and relieve clinical symptoms.

Effect of protective mechanical ventilation on plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators during general anesthesia for liver transplantation surgery / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To approach the effect of protective mechanical ventilation on acute lung injury after orthotopic liver transplantation, by observing changes of plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for liver transplantation under general anesthesia, 42 males and 18 females, aged 21-62 years, weighing 43-80 kg, ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ, were randomly divided into 2 groups: protective mechanical ventilation group (group P) and unprotective mechanical ventilation group (group U).Pulmonary artery blood for plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators were collected at the following time points: before operation (T1), 3 hours after mechanical ventilation (T2), 2 hours (T3) and 4 hours in neohepatic stage (T4).These mediators included clara cell secretory protein (CC16), surfactant proteins (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8.Moreover, blood gas results were recorded at these 7 time points: T1-T4, 2 hours after operation (T5), before tracheal extubation (T6) and 2 days after operation (T7).The postoperative awakening time, tracheal extubation time, ICU stay time and the incidence of ALI were recorded.Results Compared with T1, plasma level of CC16 in the two groups increased at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), however, plasma level of SP-D, sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 did not increase until T3 (P<0.01).Moreover, plasma level of sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 at T4 were higher than those at T1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with T1, OIs in the two groups increased at T2, T5 and T6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while decreased at T4 in group P (P<0.01) and at T3 and T4 in group U (P<0.01).In group P, patients showed a lower plasma level of CC16 at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), a higher OI at T3 (P<0.05) and an earlier tracheal extubation after operation [(8.9±3.2) h vs (9.3±2.8) h, P<0.05] compared with group U.There was no significant difference of acute lung injury incidence between the two groups after operation, which was 5(16.6%) and 7 (23.3%), respectively.Conclusion Protective mechanical ventilation may promote oxygenation index, and shorten tracheal extubation time, thus protect lung function of patients in liver transplantation to some extend.

Recent progress in multiple myeloma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

The treatments of multiple myeloma (MM) have been made remarkable progress in recent years,and especially in 2015,FDA approved a number of new drugs for treatment of relapsed and refractory MM.At the 21th European Hematology Association Annual Meeting,the issue of MM has received a lot of attention.The recent progress of MM in this conference will be briefly introduced in this review.

La donación de órganos y tejidos: una realidad en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Actividad y registro de procesos de procuración durante el período de enero a diciembre de 2014 / Organ and tissue donation: a reality in the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital. Activity and registering of the procurement process during the January 2014 to December 2014 period

Introducción: a nivel mundial nos enfrentamos al rápido incremento en la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas que causan disfunción de órganos vitales por lo que se estima que existe un gran número de pacientes esperando recibir un trasplante. La probabilidad de fallecer en la lista de espera es alta, por lo que la procuración de órganos es un proceso indispensable en los hospitales. Objetivos: reportar los procesos y los resultados de la procuración de órganos y tejidos en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, durante el período comprendido entre enero a diciembre de 2014, con el fin de fomentar y promover dicho proceso. Materiales y métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo y de reporte de proceso, en el cual se incluyeron a todos los pacientes neurocríticos que cumplían criterios de muerte encefálica como donantes multiorgánicos y pacientes en parada cardíaca como donantes de tejidos, durante el período de 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014. Resultados: durante el 2014 en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, se realizaron 11 procesos de procuración de órganos y tejidos; nueve de ellos siendo considerados efectivos, se trató de pacientes ingresados en los servicios de críticos de emergencias y terapia intensiva, a causa de Traumatismo Craneoencefálico Severo en el 66,6% y el 33,3% a causa de Hemorragia Intraencefálica, diagnosticados con criterios de Muerte Encefálica. Entre octubre a diciembre de 2014 se llevaron a cabo el 77,7% de las procuraciones, reflejando la puesta en práctica de estrategias y el trabajo de la procuración intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones: la promoción de estrategias para promover el aumento de número de donantes efectivos es el pilar del proceso de trasplante de órganos en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. La negativa de donación por parte de familiares es baja (un caso), a partir del correcto desarrollo de las actividades planteadas en cada parte del proceso de procuración descrito en el presente artículo.

Introduction: globally we face the rapid increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases, which often cause dysfunction of vital organs so it is estimated that there are a large number of patients waiting for a transplant. The probability of dying on the waiting list is high, so the organ procurement is an essential process in hospitals. Objectives: report the processes and results of the procurement of organs and tissues in the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital during the period from january to december 2014, in order to encourage and promote this process. Materials and methods: this descriptive study reports the procurement process in which all neurocritical patients who met criteria for Brain Death as multiorgan donors and patients in cardiac arrest as tissue donors during the period included 1 january to 31 december 2014. Results: 11 organ procurement processes and tissues were performed during 2014 at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital; nine of them were considered effective. Organs came from patients admitted to the Critical Care Services in Emergency Room and Critical Care Medicine, causes of admission were: Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (66.6%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (33.3%), all diagnosed with criteria of death brain. Between october and december 2014 were held 77.7% of the activity, refecting the implementation of strategies and the work of the hospital procurement. Conclusions: the promotion of strategies to promote increased effective donors is the mainstay of the process of organ transplantation in the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital. The refusal of donation from relatives is low (one case), thanks to the proper implementation of the proposed activities in every part of the procurement process described in this article.

Clinical research of 3-dimensional scaffold of typeⅠcollagen based autologous chondrocyte implantation for knee articu-lar cartilage defect / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of 3?dimensional scaffold of typeⅠcollagen based autolo?gous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Methods Nine patients of knee articular cartilage defect treated with 3?dimensional scaf?fold of type Ⅰcollagen based ACI from January 2013 to March 2014 was analyzed retrospectively, including 6 males and 3 fe?males with an average age of 30 years old. 4 defects located in femoral condyle, 4 in trochlea and 1 in patellae with a mean size of 4.9 ± 2.1cm2 (range, 2.5-10). ACI comprises 2?stage procedure:chondrocytes were first harvested from non?load bearing area of femoral condyle, then chondrocytes expand in vitro for 8-14 days to get enough cells. On second stage, cartilage defects were cov?ered by the grafts and fixed with fibrin albumen glue. All patients received strict rehabilitation protocol. International Knee Docu?mentation Committee (IKDC) scores and Lysh?lm scores were compared pre?operatively and 3, 6, 12 months post?operatively. MR and magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scores were analyzed within 3 days, 3, 6, 12 months post?operatively. Results All the patients were followed up. IKDC score was 52.7 ± 6.9 pre?operatively and respectively 71.1 ± 6.6, 83.3±2.9 and 92.0±3.6 3, 6, 12 months post?operatively with significant differences. The Lysh?m score was 55.8±8.7 pre?oper?atively and respectively 74.8±7.0, 84.8±4.8 and 93.1±5.7 3, 6, 12 months post?operatively with significant differences. 8 patients had MRI. The mean MOCART score 3 days, 3, 6, 12 months post?operatively was respectively 43.6±6.0, 47.8±5.8, 57.8±5.8, 64.3± 4.8 and 72.1±4.9 with significant differences. T2 value of transplanted area was 48.7±3.2 12 months post?operatively with no sig?nificant differences compared to normal area. Conclusion Three?dimensional scaffold of typeⅠcollagen based ACI could re?pair knee articular cartilage defect. It may be a good choice for treating articular cartilage defect which shows satisfactory results.

Pediatric liver transplantation from split livers: a single-center experience / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficay of split liver transplantation in children.Method From September 2006 to December 2014,210 children were treated with liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference in postoperative survival was compared between the groups.The 210 childrens were categorized into living donor liver transplantation group (183 cases) and split liver transplantation group (27 cases) based on their operation styles.In living group,all donors to recipients were immediate relatives within three generations.In split group,all donors were men,and livers were obtained from no heartbeat donors.Postoperatively,tacrolimus combined a duplex of prednisolone served as immunosuppression scheme.The survival and incidence of complications were observed.Result There was significant difference in the sex ratio between two groups (P＜0.05).The donor liver cold ischemia time was significantly longer in split group than in living group (P＜0.05).The 1-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year overall survival rate in 210 recipients was 99.5％,98.1％,96.2％ and 94.2％ respectively.The median follow-up time in living group and split group was 15.2months and 26.1 months,respectively.The 1-mont,6-month,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 99.5％,96.7％,92.6％ and 74.1 ％ in living group,and 97.8％,96.2％,77.8％ and 74.0％ in split group,respectively (P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,8 cases died (29.6％) in split group (5deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 3 deaths due to multiple organ failure),and 10 cases died (5.5％) in living group (6 deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 4 deaths due to multiple organ failure).Conclusion In the case of strict selection of donors,split liver transplantation can obtain good effect,but the incidence of complications is higher than living donor liver transplantation.Especially,the biliary complications should be prevented and managed actively.

Imunoproteção de ilhotas pancreáticas microencapsuladas em biomateriais inovadores e seu potencial terapêutico no diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Immunoprotection of pancreatic islets microencapsulated in inovative biomaterials and its therapeutic potential in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

O transplante de ilhotas microencapsuladas constitui uma alternativa terapêutica interessante para o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, permitindo um melhor controle glicêmico e eliminando a necessidade de imunossupressão. Entretanto, a manutenção a longo prazo da viabilidade das células-β ainda é um desafio. No isolamento, a perda da matriz extracelular e as condições hipóxicas subsequentes afetam decisivamente a sobrevivência e funcionalidade das ilhotas. Objetivo Para diminuir o estresse sobre o enxerto, levando a um sucesso prolongado do transplante, propôs-se a adição de perfluorocarbono (PFC) ou laminina (LN), moléculas associadas respectivamente à oxigenação e interações célula-célula, ao biomaterial baseado em alginato, Biodritina, adequado ao encapsulamento celular. Metodologia Para testar a estabilidade das formulações PFC-Biodritina e LN-Biodritina, microcápsulas foram submetidas a diferentes estresses (rotacional, osmótico, temperatura e cultura) por 7 e 30 dias. A pureza do biomaterial foi avaliada pela coincubação com macrófagos murinos RAW264.7, por 3, 9 e 24h, quando a ativação dos macrófagos foi observada pela expressão gênica de IL- 1β e TNFα. Microcápsulas implantadas i.p. em camundongos foram recuperadas após 7 ou 30 dias, para análises de biocompatibilidade. A expressão de níveis de mRNA (bax, bad, bcl-2, bcl-XL, xiap, caspase 3, mcp1/ccl2, hsp70, ldh, insulina 1 e 2), proteínas (Bax, Bcl-XL e Xiap) e a atividade de Caspase3 foram avaliadas em ilhotas microencapsuladas com PFC- e LN-Biodritina, após cultura de 48h em condições de normóxia e hipóxia (<2% O2). Camundongos diabéticos foram transplantados com ilhotas encapsuladas nas diferentes formulações e os animais foram monitorados pelas variações de massa corporal, glicêmicas e pela funcionalidade do enxerto (TOTGs). As ilhotas foram recuperadas de animais normo ou hiperglicêmicos e uma análise de biocompatibilidade das cápsulas foi realizada, assim como a avaliação funcional das células-β...

Transplantation of microencapsulated islets represents an attractive therapeutical approach to treat type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, accounting for an improved glycemic control and the abolishment of immunosuppressive therapies. However, maintenance of long-term β-cell viability remains a major problem. During islet isolation, the loss of extracellular matrix interactions and the hypoxic conditions thereafter dramatically affect β-cell survival and function. Objective To lessen the burden of islet stress and achieve a better outcome in islet transplantation we tested the addition of perfluorocarbon (PFC) or laminin (LN), molecules associated respectively with oxygenation and cell-cell interaction, to Biodritin, an alginate-based material suitable for cell microencapsulation. Methodology To test the stability of PFC-Biodritin and LN-Biodritin composites, microcapsules were subjected to different stresses (rotational, osmotic, temperature and culture) for 7 and 30 days. To assess biomaterial purity microcapsules were co-incubated with RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line for 3, 9 and 24h and macrophage activation was detected through mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNFα. Microcapsules were implanted i.p. in mice and retrieved after 7 or 30 days, for biocompatibility analyses. Gene expression at mRNA (bax, bad, bcl-2, bcl-XL, xiap, caspase 3, mcp1/ccl2, hsp70, ldh, insulin 1 and 2) and protein (Bax, Bcl-XL and Xiap) levels, together with Caspase3 activity, were evaluated in islets microencapsulated in PFC- or LN-Biodritin, upon culturing for 48h in normoxic or hypoxic (<2% O2) conditions. Diabetic mice were transplanted with PFC- or LN-Biodritin microencapsulated islets, followed by assessments of body weight, glycemia and graft function by oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Microencapsulated islets were retrieved from normoglycemic or hyperglycemic mice and biocompatibility analyses of the beads together with a functional assessment of the graft followed. After graft...

Repair of defect induced by removal of body surface oversized malignancy with free anterolateral femoral skin flap / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of free anterolateral femoral skin flap on the repair of skin and subcutaneous soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin. Methods A retrospective review was performed of free anterolateral femoral skin flap reconstructions for oversized malignant tumor cut on body surface since April 2007 to November 2010. There were 6 patients with head and limb squamous cell carcinoma because of bum scar and 3 patients with recurrence of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in wall of belly. The area of soft tissue defects ranged from 19 cm × 15 cm to 24 cm × 21 cm, and skin flaps was 20 cm × 16 cm to 25 cm × 22 cm in size. Three cases received radio therapy after operation. Results Nine flaps survived perfectly, one flap survived with partial necrosis and healed after changing dressings. No complications were observed in the donor site, including wound dehiscence, hernia and weakness. Follow-up survey of 12-24 months after the operation showed that the appearance and function in the repaired sites were normal, and norecurrence of the tumors. Conclusion Free transplantation of anterolateral femoral skin flap is relatively an ideal operative type for the repair of soft tissue defects caused by excision of oversized malignant tumour in the skin.

The combination of a vascularized fibula with a massive allograft for reconstruction after intercalary resection of long bone tumor in extremities / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of combined use of an allograft and vascularized fibular flap for the reconstruction of bone defects after intercalary resection of long bone malignancy.Methods From April 2006 to October 2009,19 patients that had intercalary resection of long bone malignancy (5 in humerus,7 in femur,7 in tibia)underwent reconstruction with an allograft and vascularized fibula construct,including 11 males and 8 females with an average age of 18.5 years.The average length of the defect was 13.2±4.3 cm.Free vascularized fibula flaps were used in 16 patients and ipsilateral pedicle vaseularized fibula grafts in 3.Time to union was recorded through evaluation of plain radiographs.Bone scan was used to evaluate the viability of the vascularized fibula.Patients were examined oncologically and radiographically and were assessed functionally with MSTS-93.Results The mean follow-up time was 27.5 months.The average length of the fibula flap was 17.9±5.2 cm.Viability of the fibular grafts was verified in all cases.The average time for bone union at allograft-host junction was 11.3±2.8 months in femur,14.1±3.3 in tibia,6.8±1.4 in humerus,respectively.The MSTS-93 average score at final follow-up was 95.2% in upper extremity and 91.8% in lower extremity.The oncology result in patients with follow-up more than 2 years was continuous disease free in 11 patients.no evidence of disease after recurrence following resection in 1,alive with tumor in 1,and died of lung metastasis in 1.Conclasion Vascularized fibular flap in combination with massive allograft provide an option for reconstruction of large bony defects after long bone malignancy extirpation.The viability of the fibula is a cornerstone in success of reconstruction that prevents allograft nonunion and result in decreased time to bone healing,leading to earlier patient's recovery of function.

A prospective,randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate porous β-tricalcium phosphate for lacunar bone defects repair / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a hovel porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)and control allograft for the repair of lacunar bone defects caused by solitary bone cyst curettage.Methods From January 2003 to December 2008,the patients with solitary bone cyst were randomized into an experimental(55 cases)and a control(40 cases)group.The control group received particulate allograft bone as the graft material,and the experimental group received β-TCP.At 1 week,1,2,3,6,12,24,48months after surgery,a new radiographic scoring system was employed to calculate the biodegradation of bone graft and evaluate the influence of multiple factors.Histologic characteristic of the degradation process of β-TCP were also evaluated.Results All the cases were followed up for average 28.4 months.Radiographic semi-quantitative analysis revealed that the biodegradation effieiencies were not significantly difierent between β-TCP and allografts(P=0.424).Degradation percentage of the implanted β-TCP or allograft was higher in younger patients than those in the older ones.Degradation of β-TCP was significantly higher than that of allografts over 3 years after surgery(P=0.04).In the experimental group,β-TCP degradation was greater in the loose packing treatment than that in the dense packing treatment (P=0.03).Histological observation demonstrated that the process of new bone formation accompanied the degradation of β-TCP.Conclusion The interporous β-TCP could be an advantageous alternative to allografts for repair bone defects caused by bone cyst.The clinical application of β-TCP is safe and reliable,which shows better biodegradation and osteogenesis than allografts in long-term follow-up.

VAD implantation in cardiac failure patients with prosthetic valves / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

ObjectiveAn increasing number of patients requiring ventricular assist devices (VAD) have had previous valvular corrections,including valve repair,and valve replacement with mechanical or bioprosthetic valves.The operative and peri-operative management of these patients has been varied.MethodsA retrospective study of VADs between Jan 1994 and June 2008 revealed 10 patients with previous prosthetic valves requiring management during and after VAD placement.Three patients were supported post-cardiotomy after valve surgery.Two patients were supported due to cardiogenic shock postopera-tively.Four patients were supported as a bridge to transplantation.One patient was supported as a destination therapy.ResultsThe mitral valve was left untreated during VAD implantation regardless of valve repair or replacement.For aortic valves,the mechanical aortic valve was replaced with tissue valve in two patients and left untreated in one case.One patient had tricuspid valve repair previously and was left untouched.All patients with prosthetic valves in aortic,mitral and tricuspid position during VAD support received anticoagulation therapy.There were 4 deaths,and 4 went on to transplantation.One patient weaned from VAD and discharge from hospital.One patient received HeartMate Ⅰ as destination therapy.The most common causes of death were multisystem organ failure and sepsis.One patient had a thromboembolic event.ConclusionThe survival rate of 60% is encouraging when compared to overall survival rates.The most common cause of death was multisystem organ failure.Patients with prosthetic valves may be safely managed during VAD support.

Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments with autograft of semitendinosus & bio-interference screws in chronic lateral instability of the ankle / 中华骨科杂志

ObjectiveTo observer the effect of autograft of semitendinosus and interference screws for reconstruction of lateral ankle ligaments. MethodsA total of 12 cases of injured lateral ankle ligaments were selected, including 7 males and 5 females with an average age was 29.4 years, with a course of disease from 3 to 6 months. All lateral ligaments were reconstructed by autograft of semitendinosus & bio-interference screws. A 4.5 mm diameter tunnel was drilled on the lateral ankle, where the tendon of semitendinosus was permeated through, both ends of semitendinosus tendons were fixed with bio-interference screws on talus of at the end of anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneus of at the end of calcaneofibular ligament, maintaining ankle neutral and moderate valgus position. Following operation, the ankle was fixed in neutral position and slightly valgus position with plaster cast. The wound healing, the outcomes of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and stress radiographic evaluation were assessed at the follow-up. ResultsAll 12 patients showed no infection and the wound healed well at the primary stage. At 3, 6, 12, 24 months after operation, all patients were followed-up. According to AOFAS and FAOS of preoperation and final follow-up postoperation, function of ankle in all patients was significantly improved (P＜0.01), the scores of Chrisman-Snook group were more lower than this approach. No patients complained of instability of the ankle, and stress radiograph confirmed this improvement. ConclusionReconstruction of lateral ligaments of the ankle with autograft of semilendinosus & biointerference screws is a practical and reliable treatment, which restores stability and function of the ankle.

Corrección vertical de reborde edéntulo y creación de papila a través de pónticos ovoides: reporte de caso clínico / Vertical ridge correction and papilla creation using ovate pontics: a clinical report

El objetivo del presente caso clínico fue corregir el defecto vertical de un reborde edentulo en el sector antero superior a través de una Matriz Dérmica Acelular (Alloderm®). El plan de tratamiento contemplo la rehabilitación a través de una Prótesis Parcial Fija. Una vez corregida la altura del reborde se confeccionaron encerados diagnósticos y provisionales para efectuar presión selectiva a los tejidos gingivales y de esta forma estimular a la formación papilar. Paralelamente se modifico el ancho mesio distal de los pónticos a fin de manejar adecuadamente el espacio edéntulo y evitar la formación de espacios por debajo del póntico que perjudicaran la estética, fonética y función del paciente.

The objective of the present clinical case was to correct the vertical defect of an edentulous ridge in the anterior-superior area by using an Acellular Dermic Matrix (AlloDerm®). The treatment was planned to make a Fixed Partial Prosthesis. Affter correcting the ridge height, diagnostic wax-up and provisionals were made, to exert selective pressure in the gingival tissues to stimulate the creation of papilla. At the same time, the pontic mesio-distal width were modified to manage correctly the edentulous space and avoid the formation of spaces under the pontic which would affect esthetics, fonetics and function of the patient.

Trasplante de páncreas tipos, selección de receptores y donantes / Pancreas trasplantion: the different modalities, donor and recipient selection

En este artículo se describe el estado actual del trasplante de páncreas, los tipos de trasplante más frecuentes -trasplante de páncreas aislado, trasplante de páncreas riñón- sus indicaciones, resultados y las características de receptores y donantes.

This article describes pancreas transplantation, the more frequent modalities such as pancreas transplantation alone and simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation, their indications and outcomes, as well as the characteristics of suitable recipients and donors.

Clinical application of retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap for repairing the soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To explore clinical application of retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Methods From August 2008 to December 2009, in our hospital we adopted retrograde medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle flap to renovate 5 cases of refractory soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg. Results Five cases of retrograde medial gastrocnemius muscle flap were survived, morphology and function of soft tissue defects were renovated well. Conclusion This operation is an effective and reliable technique for soft tissue defects of the middle and lower third of the leg, which is performed without sacrificing the major blood vessels, probing vascular pedicle and matching vascular anastomosis.

The clinical significance of serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 detected before and after lung transplantation / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To evaluate serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) before and after lung transplantation for diagnosing acute rejection. Methods Biotin-streptavidin time resolved fluoroimmunoassay (BSA-TRFIA) was used to detect the concentration of serum sICAM-1 before and after lung transplantation in 26 patients. All patients were divided into stable lung transplantation group (n =16), acute rejection group (n =4) and infected group (n =6). The serum level of sICAM-1 in those groups was compared with that of the control group ( n = 30 ) by the non-parametric rank sum test ( KruskalWallis H test). Results No significant difference was found for serum sICAM-1 among the three groups and the control group before operation: (357.07 ± 220.01 ), ( 396. 18 ± 136.25 ), (468.95 ± 85.48 ) μg/L vs(348.63 ±69. 12) μg/L, H=6. 0436, P ＞0.05. However, when rejection and infection happened after operation, the serum sICAM-1 increased in the acute rejection group (455.53 ± 126.51 μg/L) and decreased in the infection group (146.43 ± 327.11 μg/L), and the level in the stable transplantation group was (274.23 ± 157.53 ) μg/L (H = 21. 8994, P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion Serum sICAM-1 level might be a potential marker to differentiate acute rejection from infection after lung transplantation.

Preparation of 131I-K237 and the experimental study on targeting therapy in nude mice bearing human lung cancer / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To establish the radiolabeling method for peptide K237 with 131I and investigate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of 131I-K237 on nude mice bearing human lung cancer.Methods Iodogen method was used for labeling K237. The bioactivity of 131I-K237 was tested by human umbilical vein endothelial cell ( HUVEC ) proliferation inhibitory assay and the affinity of 131I-K237 was examined by competition binding studies. Twenty-five mice were divided into five groups randomly, including physiologic saline (group 1), K237 (40 μg) (group 2), 131I ( 11. 1 MBq) (group 3), 131I-K237 (K237 40 μg, 11. 1 MBq) intravenously ( group 4), and 131I-K237 ( K237 40 μg, 11.1 MBq) intratumorally (group 5). Injections were repeated at 15 d after the first injection. The tumor growth inhibition rate was calculated. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for testing significant differences of data. Results The inhibition rate of HUVEC proliferation had no significant difference between radiolabeled K237 and unlabeled K237 ( (73.69 ± 5.36) % vs ( 62.68 ± 3.83 ) %, t = 1.67, P ＞ 0.05 ). The growth of transplanted lung cancer was inhibited by 75. 01 % in group 4, 78.99% in group 5, 31.15% in group 2 and 12.61% in group 3, respectively. The average tumor volume of groups 4 and 5 were significantly smaller than that of groups 1,2, and 3 ( F = 15. 233 and 13.611, respectively, P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusion 131I-K237 can be readily radiolabeled and it can effectively inhibit the growth of tumor in nude mice bearing human lung cancer.

Tratamento do potencial doador de múltiplos órgãos / Treatment of the multiple organs potential donator

Há significativa discrepância entre a demanda e o número de doações. Reduzir essa disparidade é o objetivo da otimização do cuidado ao potencial doador. O tratamento desse indivíduo não deve ser visto como investimento fútil em paciente sem recuperação clínica, mas como a única oportunidade de tratamento de outros nove doentes graves e, portanto, tais cuidados devem ser instituídos o mais precocemente possível. A morte encefálica, por si só, representa ameaça ao funcionamento dos demais órgãos e sistemas, além de, frequentemente, ocorrer num contexto em que coexistem outras afecções graves como, por exemplo, no politrauma. As alterações hemodinâmicas, eletrolíticas, hormonais, entre outras, surgem como complicações diretas ou indiretas e, se não contornadas, impedirão que a doação se concretize. Vários protocolos de manejo agressivo do potencial doador têm surgido com boa perspectiva de melhores resultados na condução desses pacientes. Por tudo isso, o cuidado clínico intensivo é imprescindível, visando ao aumento da oferta de órgãos para transplante

There is significant discrepancy between the demand and the number of donations. To reduce this disparity is the goal of the optimization of the potential donator treatment. This individual treatment cannot be seen as a futile investment on a patient without clinical recovery, but as the unique chance of treatment for other nine patients under grave situations. And, therefore, this treatment must be instituted as early as possible. Encephalic death, per se, represents a threat to the other organs and systems, besides, frequently, occurring in a context where already exist other grave affections, such as in the politrauma. The homodynamic, electrolytic, hormonal alterations, among others, appear as direct or indirect complications, and if they are not controlled they will prevent the donation to happen. Several protocols of aggressive handling of the potential donator have appeared with good perspective of better results in the conduction of these patients. For all these reasons, the intensive clinical treatment is indispensable aiming at the increase in the offer of organs for transplantation

Panorama atual do uso de xenoenxertos na prática odontológica / Current overview of the use of xenograft in dentistry

O reparo de perdas ósseas severas é, ainda, um grande desafio na Medicina Regenerativa, onde o osso autógenocontinua sendo o padrão-ouro a despeito de apresentar desvantagens como necessidade de segundo sítio cirúrgico e morbidade. Alternativamente, o xenoenxerto acelular e desproteinizado de origem bovina, adequadamente processado e apresentando-se biocompatível eosteocondutor, ocupa um papel de destaque no auxílio ao reparo ósseo. Estudos in vivo e clínicos baseados em análise histomorfométrica demonstraram melhor performance emrelação aos materiais aloplásticos e alógenos, possivelmente em função das propriedades inerentes da apatita natural e, ainda, da arquitetura porosa naturalmente desenhada. Estudos recentes tem avaliado a associação de xenoenxertos a fatores de crescimento e células osteoprogenitoras com o intuito de aproximar a resposta tecidual ao xenoenxerto à do enxerto autógeno. Conclui-se que xenoenxertos adequadamente processados possuem características físicoquímicas e comportamento biológico favoráveis ao reparo ósseo, demonstrando segurança, aplicabilidade e satisfatória previsibilidade clínica.

Repair of severe bone loss is still a major challenge for Regenerative Medicine, where the bone graft is the gold standard in spite of some disadvantages such as need for second surgical site and morbidity. Alternatively, the properly processed acellular and deproteinized bovinexenograft, presenting biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties, plays an important role in bone repair. Basedon histomorphometric analysis, in vivo studies and clinical trials showed better performance compared to alloplasticmaterials and allograft, possibly because of the inherent properties of natural apatite and biologically designed porous architecture. Recent studies have evaluated the association of the xenograft, growth factors and stem cells aiming to attribute autograft properties to xenograft. We conclude that xenografts handled appropriately, will show physicochemical properties and adequate biological behavior helpingto repair bone defects, demonstrating safety, applicability and satisfactory clinical predictability.