Effect of the percentage of Bos taurus inheritance on the fertility of Holstein×Zebu and Brown Swiss×Zebu cows in the Mexican tropics

Background: No dairy breed or crossbreed has superior overall performance in all environments; therefore, it is necessary to determine which crossbreed is the most suitable for the Mexican tropic and what proportion of European breed is optimum for reproduction. Objective: To assess the effect of the proportion of Bos taurus (Bt) genes on reproductive performance of Holstein×Zebu (HZ) and Brown Swiss×Zebu (BZ) cows, and compare reproductive performance of these genotypes in a dual- purpose production system. Methods: Cows were maintained in a rotational grazing system on African star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) in Veracruz, Mexico. Cows were milked twice daily. Calves were kept tied to the side of their dams while the cows were milked. Results: The percentage of Bt genes did not affect (p>0.05) fertility traits (age at first calving, days to first service after calving, services per conception, conception rate at first service, days open until conception, gestation length, and calving interval) of BZ cows. In contrast, HZ cows with less than 75% Holstein (H) genes were 0.3 years younger (p<0.05) at first calving and had 39.8 fewer days open (p<0.05) than HZ cows with 75% H genes or more. In addition, the calving interval of HZ cows with less than 75% H genes was 44.8 days shorter (p<0.05) than that of HZ cows with 75% H genes or more. The HZ cows had five fewer days pregnant and were 22.8 kg heavier at calving (p<0.05) than BZ cows. Conclusions: The effect of the percentage of Bt genes on cow fertility depends on the dairy breed used. In general, BZ and HZ cows present similar reproductive performance.

Antecedentes: Ninguna raza lechera o cruce tiene un desempeño general superior en todos los ambientes; por lo tanto, es necesario determinar cuál cruce lechero es más apropiado en el trópico mexicano y qué proporción de raza europea es óptima para la reproducción. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la proporción de genes Bos taurus (Bt) en el desempeño reproductivo de vacas cruzadas Holstein×Cebú (HC) y Pardo Suizo×Cebú (PC), y comparar el desempeño reproductivo de estos dos genotipos en un sistema de producción doble propósito. Métodos: Las vacas se mantuvieron en un sistema de pastoreo rotacional en zacate Estrella de África (Cynodon plectostachyus) en Veracruz, México. Las vacas se ordeñaron dos veces al día. Los becerros se mantuvieron atados, a un costado de sus madres mientras éstas se ordeñaron. Resultados: El porcentaje de genes Bt no afectó (p>0,05) ninguna característica de fertilidad (edad a primer parto, días a primer servicio después del parto, servicios por concepción, tasa de preñez a primer servicio, días abiertos a la concepción, duración de la gestación, e intervalo entre partos) de las vacas PC. En contraste, las vacas HC con menos de 75% de genes Holstein (H) fueron 0,3 años más jóvenes (p<0,05) al primer parto y tuvieron 39,8 días abiertos menos (p<0,05) que las vacas HC con 75% de genes H o más. Además, el intervalo entre partos de las vacas HC con menos de 75% de genes H fue 44,8 días más corto (p<0,05) que el de las vacas HC con 75% de genes H o más. Las vacas HC tuvieron cinco días de gestación menos y fueron 22,8 kg más pesadas al parto (p<0,05) que las PC. Conclusiones: El efecto del porcentaje de genes Bt sobre la fertilidad de la vaca depende de la raza lechera usada. En general, las vacas PC y HC tienen similar desempeño reproductivo.

Antecedentes: Nenhuma raça ou cruza leiteira tem desempenho geral superior em todos os ambientes; portanto, é necessário determinar qual cruza leiteira é mais apropriada no trópico mexicano e qual proporção da raça europeia é ideal para a reprodução das vacas. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da proporção de genes Bos taurus (Bt) no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Holandês×Zebu (HZ) e Pardo Suíço×Zebu (PZ), e comparar o desempenho reprodutivo desses dois genótipos em sistema de produção de dupla aptidão. Métodos: As vacas foram mantidas em sistema de pastoreio rotacional em capim Estrela de África (Cynodon plectostachyus) em Veracruz, México. As vacas foram ordenhadas duas vezes por dia. Os bezerros foram mantidos ao lado de suas mães enquanto eram ordenhadas. Resultados: A porcentagem dos genes Bt não afetou (p>0,05) nenhuma característica de fertilidade (idade ao primeiro parto, número de dias para o primeiro serviço pós-parto, serviços por concepção, taxa de prenhes no primeiro serviço, dias abertos, período de gestação e intervalo entre partos) das vacas PZ. Em contraste, vacas HC com menos de 75% dos genes Holandês (H) eram 0,3 anos mais jovens (p<0,05) no primeiro parto e tiveram 39,8 dias abertos a menos (p<0,05) do que as vacas HZ com 75% ou mais dos genes H. Além disso, o intervalo de parto das vacas HZ com menos de 75% dos genes H foram 44,8 dias mais curtos (p<0,05) do que as vacas HZ com 75% ou mais de genes H. As vacas HZ tiveram cinco dias de gestação a menos e foram 22,8 kg mais pesadas no parto (p<0,05) do que as PZ. Conclusões: O efeito da porcentagem de genes Bt na fertilidade da vaca dependeu da raça leiteira utilizada. Em geral, as vacas PZ e HZ tiveram desempenho reprodutivo semelhante.

Composición química y producción de follaje de Erythrina americana (Fabaceae) en cercos vivos durante dos épocas climáticas / Chemical composition and foliage production of Erythrina americana (Fabaceae) in living fences during two climatic seasons. Introduction

Introducción: Erythrina americana es una leguminosa arbórea que se encuentra como parte del cerco en las fincas ganaderas de la región tropical. Sin embargo, los productores de ovinos no utilizan el follaje de este tipo de leguminosa de forma rutinaria o estratégica como complemento alimenticio debido, en parte, por el desconocimiento de su composición química y rendimiento foliar, así como, por los factores que los afectan. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la época climática y diámetro del árbol E. americana en la composición química y rendimiento de follaje a una edad de rebrote de 90 días. Método: Se utilizaron 47 árboles en un diseño de dos factores. Los factores fueron época (sequía y lluvias) y diámetro del árbol a 0.20 m de altura del suelo (D-9 entre 0.05 y 0.09 m y D-13, entre 0.091 y 0.13 m). Las variables respuesta fueron producción de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar (kg árbol-1). Resultados: La época no afectó (P > 0.05) la producción de materia seca y proteína bruta. Sin embargo, el diámetro de E. americana si las afectó (P < 0.01). En el diámetro D-13 se detectó la mayor producción de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar con respecto a D-9. Conclusión: El diámetro del árbol tuvo mayor influencia que la época en el rendimiento de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar.

Introduction: Erythrina americana is a tree legume found as part of the fence of livestock farms of the tropical region. However, sheep farmers do not routinely or strategically use the foliage of this type of legume as a dietary supplement due, in part, to ignorance of its chemical composition and foliar performance, as well as the factors that affect them. Objective: To determine the influence of season and diameter of E. americana tree on the chemical composition and foliage yield at a 90-day regrowth age. Methods: 47 trees were used in a two-factor design. The factors were season (dry and rainy) and tree diameter at 0.20 m above ground level (D-9 between 0.05 and 0.09 m and D-13, between 0.091 to 0.13 m). The response variables were dry matter production and crude protein from foliage (kg árbol-1). Results: The season did not affect (P > 0.05) the production of dry matter and crude protein. However, the diameter of E. americana affected them (P < 0.01). In diameter D-13, the highest production of dry matter and crude foliar protein tree-1 was detected with respect to D-9. Conclusions: The diameter of the tree had a more influence than the season on yield of dry matter and crude protein.

Diabetes insípida central debida a histiocitosis de células de Langerhans / Central diabetes insipidus due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Resumen La diabetes insípida central es un trastorno ocasionado por la deficiencia total o parcial de la síntesis, secreción o ambas de la hormona antidiurética, causada por una disfunción hipotálamo-hipofisaria que resulta en un síndrome poliúrico con polidipsia severa. Este trastorno puede ser primario, debido a anormalidades genéticas, o secundario a lesiones posquirúrgicas, traumáticas, infecciosas o tumorales. Describimos el caso de un paciente de 15 años de edad al momento del diagnóstico. En la primera visita el paciente tenía un claro síndrome poliúrico. La resonancia magnética de cráneo mostró únicamente un aracnoidocele selar; sin embargo, en el estudio de seguimiento realizado ocho meses después se encontró engrosamiento del tallo hipofisario y una lesión osteolítica en el hueso parietal izquierdo. El paciente fue tratado con resección quirúrgica de la lesión lítica, seguida de 12 ciclos de quimioterapia. Dos años después se confirmó hipogonadismo hipogonadotrópico. La ausencia de lesiones al momento del diagnóstico no excluye la posibilidad de que se hagan aparentes las lesiones tumorales clásicas, como en nuestro caso, en el que únicamente aparecía un aracnoidocele inicial y pocos meses después se hizo evidente el engrosamiento del tallo hipofisario y la metástasis osteolítica.

Abstract Central diabetes insipidus is a disorder produced by total or partial deficiency in the synthesis or secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by hypothalamic-hypophyseal dysfunction, which results in a polyuric syndrome with severe polydipsia. This disorder may be primary when it is caused by genetic abnormalities, or secondary to postoperative, traumatic, infectious or tumoral lesions. This paper reports the case of a male patient, admitted at the endocrine clinic at the age of 15 with a severe polyuric syndrome. At the time of diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, a magnetic resonance was performed demonstrating only a sellar arachnoidocele; however, in the follow-up study conducted eight months later, we found a marked thickening of the hypophyseal stalk and an osteolytic lesion on the left parietal bone. The patient was treated by surgical resection of the lytic parietal bone lesion, followed by 12 cycles of chemotherapy. Two years later, we confirmed the diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Absent lesions at moment of diagnosis do not exclude the possibility of the appearance of classic tumoral lesions on follow-up studies, like in our case in which only the initial aracnoidocele appeared, but few months later a thickening of the hypophyseal stalk and bone metastasis became evident.

Influence of gender on carcass yield of twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey at 56 days of age / Influência do gênero no rendimento de carcaça em cordeiros gêmeos Blackbelly x Pelibuey aos 56 días de idade

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender on pre-weaning growth, yield and weight of primal cuts of the carcass of Blackbelly x Pelibuey lambs. 16 twin lambs were used. The lamb gender was the fixed factor. The variables evaluated were: body weight at birth and at weaning, average daily weight gain, weight and yield of carcass and primal cuts: neck, arm, thorax, abdomen and leg. Gender did not affect (P>0.05) body weight at birth. However, the pre-weaning average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning were affected (P<0.05) by the gender. Hot carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected (P>0.05) by the gender of the lamb. Nevertheless, the area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and cavity fat were different between males and females (P<0.05) 11.5±0.73cm2 and 198±0.05 g vs 9.3±0.73cm2 and 282±0.05g, respectively. In conclusion, in twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey males had greater average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning than females. Carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected by the gender of the lamb. However, males had greater area of the L. dorsi muscle than females and these in turn had a greater amount of cavity fat than males.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a influência do gênero no crescimento pré-desmame, no rendimento e no peso dos cortes primários de carcaça de cordeiros Blackbelly x Pelibuey. Utilizaram-se 16 cordeiros gêmeos. Os dados foram analisados em um desenho completamente ao acaso, em que o gênero dos corderos foi o fator fixo. As variáveis avaliadas foram: peso vivo ao nascimento e ao desmame, ganho diário de peso, peso e rendimento de carcaças e dos cortes primários: pescoço, braço, tórax, abdômen e perna. O gênero não afetou (P>0,05) o peso vivo ao nascimento. No entanto, o ganho diário de peso e o peso vivo ao desmame foram afetados, sendo esses valores superiores nos machos (P<0,05). O peso e o rendimento das carcaças quentes e dos cortes primários não foram afetados (P>0,05) pelo gênero do cordeiro. Entretanto, a área do músculo Longissimus dorsi e a gordura cavitária foram diferentes entre machos e fêmeas (P<0,05): 11.5±0.73cm2 e 198±0.05g vs. 9.3±0.73cm2 e 282±0.05g, respectivamente. Em conclusão, nos cordeiros gêmeos Blackbelly x Pelibuey, os machos tiveram maior ganho diário de peso e maior peso vivo ao desmame do que as fêmeas. O peso e o rendimento da carcaça bem como os cortes primários não foram afetados pelo gênero do cordeiro. Todavia, os machos tiveram maior área do músculo L. dorsi que as fêmeas e estas tiveram maior quantidade de gordura cavitária que os machos.(AU)

Productive performance and carcass traits of Nellore x Aberdeen Angus and Nellore x Red Angus heifers under tropical conditions / Rendimiento productivo y características de la canal de Novillas Nelore x Aberdeen Angus y Nelore x Angus Colorado en condiciones tropicales / Desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de Novilhas Nelore x Aberdeen Angus e Nelore x Red Angus sob condições tropicais

Background: Angus breed strains (Black and Red) perform differently under tropical conditions. Objective: to evaluate differences among F1 Nellore x Aberdeen Angus and F1 Nellore x Red Angus regarding productive performance and carcass traits under tropical conditions. Methods: forty-one heifers were used to assess the effect of both genetic groups on productive performance and carcass traits. The performance parameters evaluated were final live body weight and average daily gain. The carcass traits were: 1) hot and cold carcass weight and cold carcass dressing percentage, 2) carcass conformation and fatting (both ranging from 1 to 5), 3) back fat thickness, 4) rib eye area, 5) cutability, and 6) total usable meat, and commercial cut yield. Animals were divided in two groups and fed Megathyrsus maximum grass in three pens for 28 days. After this period, animals were relocated in a feedlot system for 84 days, and weighed at the beginning and at the end. All data were subjected to analysis of variance with initial live weight as a covariate. Results: differences were found between groups for productive performance and carcass traits such as back fat, and rib eye area. However, no difference was observed for conformation, fatting, ease of cutability, total usable meat, and Brazilian commercial cuts. Conclusion: F1 Nellore x Aberdeen Angus heifers had increased growth performance and carcass traits under tropical conditions.

Antecedentes: las variedades de la raza Angus (Negro o Rojo) pueden exhibir un rendimiento diferente en condiciones tropicales. Objetivo: el objetivo fue evaluar las diferencias entre los grupos genéticos de bovinos Nelore x Angus F1 y F1 Nelore x Angus Colorado en cuanto al rendimiento de la canal y las características productivas en condiciones tropicales. Métodos: se utilizaron 41 novillas para evaluar los grupos genéticos con respecto al crecimiento y características de la canal. Como parámetros de rendimiento productivo se evaluó el peso vivo final y la ganancia diaria, y para características de la canal: 1) peso en canal caliente, fría y rendimiento, 2) conformación de la canal, 3) el espesor de grasa, 4) área del ojo del lomo, 5) cortabilidad y 6) carne total utilizable y cortes comerciales brasileños. Los animales fueron divididos en dos grupos y alimentados con pasto Megathyrsus maximum bajo pastoreo rotacional en tres corrales durante 28 días. Luego fueron trasladados 84 dias a un sistema de confinamiento, siendo pesados al inicio y al final del tratamiento. Todos los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza con el peso vivo inicial como covariable. Resultados: hubo diferencias en el rendimiento productivo y características de la canal, en espesor de grasa dorsal y área del ojo del lomo. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencia en la conformación, el acabado, cortabilidad, la carne utilizable total y de los cortes brasileños. Conclusión: novillas F1 Nellore x Aberdeen Angus presentaron mayor rendimiento y características de la canal de crecimiento en condiciones tropicales.

Antecedentes: animais da raça Angus podem apresentar desempenho diferente de acordó com a linha (Red Angus ou Black Angus). Objetivo: objetivou avaliar os grupos genéticos bovinos F1 Nelore x Angus Aberdeen e Nelore x Red Angus quanto ao desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça em condições tropicais. Métodos: foram utilizadas quarenta e uma novilhas para avaliar o grupo genético em relação ao desempenho de crescimento e características de carcaça. Como parâmetros de desempenho produtivo foram avaliados o peso vivo final e ganho diário e para características de carcaça: 1) peso de carcaça quente, fria e rendimento, 2) conformação da carcaça e de acabamento, 3) espessura de gordura, 4) área de olho de lombo, 5) retalhabilidade e 6) porção comestível total e rendimento de cortes comerciais brasileiros. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos e alimentados em pastagem de Megathyrsus maximum sob pastejo rotacionado em três piquetes por 28 dias e posteriomente confinados por 84 dias, onde foram pesados no início e no final do tratamento. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com o peso vivo inicial como covariável. Resultados: houve diferenças em desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça, a espessura de gordura subcutânea e a área de olho de lombo. No entanto, não houve diferença para conformação, acabamento, cutabilidade e rendimento dos cortes brasileiros. Conclusão: novilhas Nelore x Angus Aberdeen apresentaram melhores caracterististicas de carcaça e desempenho.

Parámetros hematológicos en pollos de engorde criados en una granja de producción cerrada en el trópico bajo / Hematological Parameters in Broilers Reared in a Closed Production Farm in the Low Tropics / Parâmetros hematológicos em frangos de corte criados em uma granja de produção fechada no baixo trópico

El uso de la hematología y la química sanguínea se constituye en una herramienta muy útil para establecer un diagnóstico definitivo, para orientar y profundizar en la naturaleza de las situaciones fisiopatológicas que afectan a las aves. Varias enfermedades de aves de corral cambian los parámetros sanguíneos, los cuales son poco estudiados en Colombia. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar los grados de los parámetros hematológicos de sangre de pollos de engorde criados en condiciones experimentales de 1 a 42 días de edad. Las muestras de sangre fueron tomadas la segunda, la cuarta y la sexta semana de edad. Los resultados promedio fueron: hematocrito (PCV %), 27,53; hemoglobina (Hb g/dL), 9,20; volumen corpuscular medio (VCM fl), 43,10; concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM g/dL), 33,17; eritrocitos (Eri 10(6) µl), 6,98; leucocitos (Leu 10³ µl), 19,69; valores relativos absolutos de linfocitos (Lin %), 72,58; heterófilos (Het %), 35; monocitos (Mon %), 9,8; eosinófilos (Eos %), 17,8, y basófilos (Bas %), 1,08. Dichos resultados se encuentran dentro de los rangos normales, y presentan unas pequeñas variaciones que pueden atribuirse a las condiciones de confinamiento y ambientales. Por lo tanto, se necesitan más estudios sobre este tema en la región.

Hematology and blood chemistry are useful tools to establish a definitive diagnosis, to guide and explore the nature of pathophysiological situations that affect birds. Several diseases of poultry can change blood parameters, which are little studied in Colombia. This study aims to determine degrees of blood hematological parameters in broilers (1-42 days old) reared under experimental conditions. Blood samples were taken during the second, fourth and sixth weeks of age. Average results were: hematocrit (PCV %): 27.53; hemoglobin (Hb g/dL): 9.20; mean corpuscular volume (MCV fl): 43.10; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC g/dL): 33.17; erythrocytes (Eri 10(6) µl): 6.98; leukocytes (Leu 10³ µL): 19.69; absolute relative values for lymphocyte (Lin %): 72.58; heterophile (Het %): 35; monocytes (Mon %): 9.8; eosinophils (Eos %): 17.8, and basophils (Bas %): 1.08. These results are within normal ranges, and present small variations attributable to environmental conditions and to those of confinement. Therefore, further studies are needed on this topic in the region.

O uso da hematologia e da química sanguínea se constitui uma ferramenta muito útil para estabelecer um diagnóstico definitivo, para orientar e para aprofundar na natureza das situações fisiopatológicas que afetam as aves. Várias doenças de aves de curral mudam os parâmetros sanguíneos, os quais são pouco estudados na Colômbia. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar os graus dos parâmetros hematológicos de sangue de frangos de corte criados em condições experimentais de 1 a 42 dias de idade. As amostras de sangue foram tomadas na segunda, quarta e sexta semana de idade. Os resultados em média foram hematócrito (PCV %): 27,53; hemoglobina (Hb g/dL): 9,20; volume corpuscular médio (VCM fl): 43,10; concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM g/dL): 33,17; eritrócitos (Eri 10(6) µl): 6,98; leucócitos (Leu 10³ µL): 19,69; valores relativos absolutos de linfócitos (Lin %): 72,58; heterofilos (Het %): 35; monócitos (Mon %): 9,8; eosinófilos (Eos %): 17,8, e basófilos (Bas %): 1,08. Estes resultados se encontram dentro dos rangos normais, e apresentam umas pequenas variações que podem atribuir-se às condições de confinamiento e ambientais. Portanto, são necessários mais estudos sobre este tema na região.

Clinical analysis of patients with adult isolated ACTH deficiency / 医学研究生学报

Objective Adult isolated ACTH deficiency ( IAD) is an uncommon and underestimated disorder with high rate of misdiagnosis.This paper aimed to analyze and summarize the clinical features of 6 patients with IAD to have deeper understanding of the disease. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the data of 6 IAD cases enrolled in Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2007 to 2015.Statistical analysis was made on the clinical manifestations, therapeutic schemes, laboratory and imaging results, along with outpatient follow-up(ranging from 0.5-10 years), in order to analyze clinical efficacy and prognosis result. Results Of 6 IAD patients, 4 patients showed main symptoms of long-term fatigue, anorexia, weight loss;5 patients were with differ-ent degrees of hypoglycemia (fasting blood glucose2.70 [1.2-3.0]mmol/L), among which 3 had hypoglycemic coma (fasting blood glucose <1.8mmol/L), 1 had chronic hypoglycemia and 1 had asymptomatic hypoglycemia( asymptomatic hypoglycemia by continu-ous glucose monitor system).4 of them had refractory hyponatremia (Serum Na+117 [110-120]mmol/L).ACTH values of all the patients were less than 0.01ng/L.After glucocorticoid replacement therapy, all the patients were followed up for six months after treat-ment and cortisol rhythm, plasma cortisol, urine cortisol, fasting blood glucose, serum sodium of the patients were in normal range, but still at a low level of ACTH. Conclusion The clinical manifestation of IAD is characterized as hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, low ACTH with other normal pituitary hormones.Long-term glucocor-ticosteroid therapy has favorable prognosis for patients with adult isola-ted ACTH deficiency.

Effect ofJianpi-Huoxue decoction combined with conventional therapy of western medicine on adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and vascular endothelial growth factor of patients with chronic nephritis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the effect ofJianpi-Huoxue decoction on the adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and vascular endothelial growth factor of patients with chronic nephritis.Methods 120 patients with chronic nephritis from January 2012 to December 2013 in TCM Hospital of Yanggu county were selected and recruited into a control group and a treatment group, with 40 patients in each group, according to random number table method. The control group was given oral indomethacin, 1 tablets each time, 3 times/d; intramuscular injection of methotrexate, 1 piece/time, 1 times/week. The treatment group was additionally treated by Jianpi-Huoxue decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 3 months. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were measured before and after the treatment,and efficacy and safety were also evaluated.Results After the treatment, the total effective rate was 72.5% (29/40) in the control group and 97.5% (39/40) in the treatment group, with significant differences (χ2=7.941,P<0.05). The ACTH levels after treatment was (13.82 ± 5.94 ng/Lvs. 8.01 ± 4.16 ng/L) in the treatment group and (18.73 ± 6.84 ng/Lvs. 8.07 ± 4.08 ng/L) in the control group, showing significant increase compared with before treatment (P<0.01). The level of VEGF was (61.92 ± 26.37 ng/Lvs. 83.72 ± 30.63 ng/L) in the treatment group and (49.36 ± 23.93 ng/Lvs.84.34 ± 33.49 ng/L) in the control group, showing significant decrease than before treatment (P<0.01). After the treatment, the increase of ACTH and the decrease of VEGF in the treatment group were better than those in the control group (t=3.427, 2.231,P<0.05).ConclusionsJianpi-Huoxue decoction combined with conventional western therapy can increase the level of ACTH in patients with nephritis, reduce VEGF, and improve clinical curative effects.

Caracterización del perfil de ácidos grasos en granos de híbridos de maíz blanco cultivados en Venezuela / Fatty acids profile characterization of white maize hybrids grown in Venezuela

En Venezuela el maíz blanco representa el principal cultivo por área de siembra, producción y consumo. Uno de los principales subproductos de este rubro es el aceite de maíz, cuyo efecto positivo sobre la salud, por su alta proporción de ácidos grasos insaturados, ha sido ampliamente reconocido. Con el fin de conocer el perfil de ácidos grasos de doce híbridos de maíz blanco sembrados extensivamente en Venezuela y el efecto que distintas localidades de siembra poseen sobre el mismo, se realizaron tres ensayos a escala semicomercial en tres localidades de los estados Portuguesa, Yaracuy y Guárico. Las proporciones de los principales ácidos grasos del aceite crudo de las muestras de grano de distintos híbridos fueron determinados usando cromatografía de gases. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,01) entre los híbridos para el contenido de los ácidos grasos: araquídico, palmítico, palmitoléico, esteárico, oleico, gadoléico y linoléico; no se encontró diferencias para el ácido linolénico. Adicionalmente, el efecto de las localidades fue altamente significativo para todos los ácidos grasos mencionados. Al correlacionar el contenido de estos ácidos grasos se encontraron relaciones altas y significativas; las relaciones más estrechas fueron: linoleico-oleico (Rho= -0,98**), araquídico-palmítico (Rho= -0,61**), linoleico-esteárico (Rho= -0,61**) y oleico-esteárico (Rho= 0,58**). Los maíces producidos en Venezuela presentaron menores niveles de ácido linoléico y mayores de ácidos palmítico, esteárico y oleico con respecto los maíces referenciados para climas templados. Estas diferencias implican cambios en las propiedades alimenticias del aceite de maíz proveniente de maíces sembrados en Venezuela y deben tomarse en cuenta en el desarrollo de nuevos cultivares y en el procesamiento industrial con fines de aprovechamiento de aceites.

In Venezuela, white corn is the most important crop regarding production, harvest area and consumption. One of its main by-products is corn oil, whose positive effect on health caused by the high content of unsaturated fatty acids has been widely recognized. In order to characterize the fatty acids profile of twelve white grained maize hybrids extensively grown in Venezuela, and the effect that divergent localities has on this profile, three semi commercial scale trials where established in Portuguesa, Yaracuy and Guárico states. Proportions of the main fatty acids in the raw oil of the different grain samples were determined using gas chromatography. Significant differences (p<0,01) between hybrids were found for arachidic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, gadoleic and linoleic acids; non significant differences were found for linolenic acid. Significant differences between localities were found for all the fatty acids evaluated. High and significant correlations between fatty acids content were found; the most important relations were: linoleic-oleic (Rho= -0,98**), arachidic-palmitic (Rho= -0,61**), linoleic-stearic (Rho= -0,61**) and oleic-stearic (Rho= 0,58**). Corn produced in Venezuela presents lower levels of linoleic and higher levels of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids than the levels found in temperate corn. These differences involve significant changes in the nutritional properties of Venezuelan corn oil that should be considered in the development of new cultivars and industrial processes for oil production.

Crecimiento prenatal y predestete en corderos Pelibuey, Dorper, Katahdin y sus cruces en el sureste de México / Prenatal and preweaning growth of Pelibuey, Dorper, Katahdin lambs and their cross in the south-east of Mexico

Registros productivos de 1.097 pesos de corderos al nacimiento (PN), 543 pesos de corderos al destete (PD) y 543 ganancias diarias de peso predestete (GDP) fueron analizados con el objetivo de comparar la eficiencia productiva predestete de tres razas Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) y dos cruces (PxD, PxK). Los registros productivos estudiados procedían de un rebaño localizado en Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México y correspondían al período enero 2001 y abril 2005. Las variables estudiadas fueron pesos de corderos al nacimiento, pesos de corderos al destete y ganancia diaria de peso predestete. El modelo final que describió el PN contempló los efectos fijos significativos de año (AN) de nacimiento (cinco clasificaciones, 2001 a 2005), grupo racial (P, D, K, PxD y PxK) dentro de año de nacimiento GR (AN), tipo de nacimiento (TN) único y doble, la interacción ANxTN, sexo del cordero (SX) hembra y macho, época climática de nacimiento (E) seca, lluvias y nortes. La edad al destete (EDEST) y PN se consideraron como variables continuas independientes en los análisis de PD y GDP predestete. Con excepción de E, todos los efectos principales afectaron (P<0,01) PN, PD y GDP. Época de nacimiento afectó (P<0,01) el PD. La interacción ANxTN afectó únicamente el PN (P<0,01). La eficiencia productiva predestete de Dorper y Katahdin fue mayor que la de los otros grupos raciales. El cruce PxD mostró un mayor PD (P<0,01) que la raza pura Pelibuey en los años 2001 y 2002. La GDP predestete fue mayor en este mismo grupo que el grupo P en el año 2001. La época de lluvias fue la peor, en términos de PD, con 15,4 kg. Los corderos de TN único y los de sexo macho tuvieron mejor eficiencia productiva que los corderos dobles y hembras. La edad al destete y el peso al nacimiento afectaron (P<0,01) el PD. Los coeficientes de regresión fueron de 0,023 ± 0,005 y 1,023 ± 0,315, respectivamente. Se concluye que bajo las condiciones del presente estudio, en el período...

Data from 1097 lambs’ birth weights (BW), 543 lambs’ weaning weights (WW) and 543 preweaning daily gain weight (DGW) were analyzed in order to compare preweaning performance of three breeds Pelibuey (P), Dorper (D), Katahdin (K) and two crosses (PxD, PxK). The variables studied were from a sheep farm at Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México and were collected from January 2001 until April 2005. The traits included lambs’ birth weights, lambs’ weaning weights and preweaning daily gain weight. The final model which describes BW included the fixed effects of birth year (BY) (five classifications, 2001 to 2005), breed group (P, D, K, PxD and PxK) within the birth year BG(BY), birth type (BT) (single and twin), interaction BYxBT, lambs sex (female and male) (SX), birth season (S) (dry, rainfall and rainfall and winds). Weaning age (WA) and BW were as considered as a continuous independent variable. With the exception of S, all the main effects affected (P<0.01) BW, WW and DGW. The interaction BYxBT affected only BW (P<0.01). Lambs PxD showed higher WW (P<0.01) than Pelibuey bred in years 2001 and 2002. DGW was higher in this group than P group in year 2001. The rainfall season was the worst in WW, with 15.4 kg. Single lambs and male lambs had better performance than twin lambs and female lambs. Weaning age and birth weight affecting WW. Regression coefficients were 0.023 ± 0.005 and 1.023 ± 0.315, respectively. In conclusión that under the present conditions, in the preweaning period, the hybrid breed group seems to be less important than others factors (for example: the weaning age, birth season and birth weight) as determinants of the weight at weaning. The Dorper and Katahdin breeds offer a viable alternative, considering the weight of the lambs at weaning in order to include them in systems of production in a humid, hot climate, such as pure breds or a Dorper x Pelibuey crossbreed.

Distribución de partos por estación en ovejas de razas de pelo y cruces en un ambiente tropical húmedo / Lambing distribution by season in hair sheep and crosses under a humid tropical environment

Datos de 4203 registros de parición desde 1997 a 2005 provenientes de tres grupos raciales de ovejas de pelo, se utilizaron para determinar la distribución de partos en condiciones de un sistema de apareamiento continuo a través del año. Los grupos raciales fueron Blackbelly (BB), F1 Pelibuey x Blackbelly (F1 P x BB) y un grupo de hembras híbridas denominado “Cruce” (Cruce), resultado del apareamiento de los grupos indicados anteriormente con carneros Dorper y Katahdin. El manejo reproductivo incluyó la presencia continua del macho. Las ovejas fueron expuestas a un apareamiento continuó con carneros adultos. Las épocas climáticas de partos fueron: seca (febrero a abril), lluvias uno (mayo a julio), lluvias dos (agosto a octubre) y nortes (noviembre a enero). El número de partos dentro de cada grupo racial fue primíparas y multíparas. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba de Ji-cuadrado. La distribución de partos fue diferente (P<0,01) entre épocas climáticas de parto. La frecuencia de partos fue mayor durante la época de nortes con relación a las otras épocas climáticas. La época climática influyó (P<0,01) sobre la frecuencia de partos en los grupos raciales estudiados. Los tres grupos raciales estudiados mostraron mayor frecuencia de partos en nortes que en las otras épocas. Las ovejas primíparas F1 P x BB y Cruce tuvieron menor frecuencia de partos (P<0,01) en lluvias que en las otras épocas. Las ovejas multíparas de los grupos BB, F1 P x BB y Cruce tuvieron mayor frecuencia de partos en nortes que en las otras épocas. La eficiencia de parición de ovejas de pelo en condiciones de apareamiento continuo muestra variación estacional, las ovejas primíparas y multíparas mostraron un pico de parición en la época de nortes. La época climática afecta la frecuencia de parición en los grupos raciales estudiados.

Data of 4203 lambing records from 1997 to 2005 of three breed groups of hair sheep were used to determine the lambing distribution under a continuous breeding system throughout the year. The breed groups were Blackbelly (BB), F1 Pelibuey x Blackbelly (F1 P x BB) and a group of females hybrids denominated “Cruce” (Cruce) as a result of groups crossings above indicated with Dorper and Katahdin rams. Reproductive management included the continuous presence of the male. Ewes were exposed to continuous breeding with adult rams. The climatic lambing season were: dry (February to April), rainfall one (May to July), rainfall two (August to October) and rainfall and winds (November to January). The parity orders within each breed group were primiparous and multiparous. Data were analysed with the Chi- square test. The lambing distribution was different (P<0.01) among climatic lambing seasons. The lambing frequency was greater during the rainfall and wind season than the others climatic seasons. Climatic season influenced (P<0.01) the lambing frequency in the breed groups studied.The three breed groups studied showed higher lambing frequency in rainfall and wind season than the other seasons. The F1 P x BB and Cruce primiparous ewes had lower lambing frequency (P<0.01) in rainfall than the other seasons. The BB, F1 P x BB and Cruce multiparous ewes had higher lambing frequency (P<0.01) in rainfall and wind season than the other seasons. The lambing performance of hair sheep under a continuous breeding system had seasonal variation, the primiparous and multiparous ewes showed a peak lambing in rainfall and wind seasons. The climatic seasons affected the lambing frequency in the breed groups studied.

TROPIC1808 EXPRESSING IN PC12 CELL LINE / 解剖学报

Objective To obtain stable-expressing cell lines which could constantly express tropic1808 gene and investigate the effect of tropic1808 by detecting the expression level of NF-H in PC12 cells. Methods The recombinant tropic1808 plasmid was constructed and transfected into PC12 cells.PC12 cells stable-expressing tropic1808 were established by G418 selection and confirmed by Western blot.The expression of NF-H in the PC12 stable-expressing tropic1808 was observed by RT-PCR,real time PCR,Western blot analysis and cytohistochemistry methods. Results Western blot confirmed that tropic1808 gene could express stably in PC12 cells.The data of RT-PCR,real time PCR,Western blot and cytohistochemistry all demonstrated that the expression of NF-H was increased in PC12 cells stable-expressing tropic1808.Conclusion PC12 cell lines stable-expressing tropic1808 were obtained and the expression of NF-H up-regulated in the PC12 cells stable-expressing tropic1808 gene.

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN UNDER SUB-TROPIC CONDITIONS II. The Basal Metabolism of Preschool Children / 营养学报

The basal metabolism of 156 healthy preschool children aged from 5-6 with 71 males and 85 females living in sub-tropic conditions are carefully measured over four seasons in a whole year continuously.The measurements using open circular method with specialmade mask and Douglas bag for gas collections and the analysis of expired air using Beckman OM-11 and LB-2 apparatus are made. The BMR results are:(1) BMR on average in a year for boys is 45.5 ?3.08 kcal.m-2.h-1 or 1.97?0.17 kcal.kg-1.h-1 or 34.1?3.01 kcal/h, and 43.2?2.65 kcal.m-2.h-1 or 1.89?0.17 kcal.kg-1.h-1 or 32.0?2.99 kcal/h for the girls. There are significant differences for BMR among seasons in both sex, a higher BMR in cold weather and a lower in summer-autumn season, 4% for boys and 3% for girls of the BMR change between those extreme climates; (2) There is significant difference in BMR between boys and girls,the latter 5% lower than the former; (3) The correlations of the BMR with body weight and the body surface are significant statistically but not with pulse or respiratory rate. The results are discussed.

AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON TROPIC 1808 GENE EXPRESSIONAL PROTEIN IN THE LESIONED SCIATIC NERVE / 解剖学报

Objective To study the expression and the distribution of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves of adult SD rats. Methods Both distal and proximal segments of 12 days cut-off sciatic nerves of SD rats were obtained.Then immunohistochemistry and dual fluorescent-immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein in the lesioned sciatic nerves.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response were detected by the image analyses system. Results The Schwann cells's membranes which in the distal and proximal of lesioned sciatic nerves appeared to have positive expression of Tropic 1808 gene expressional protein.The positive intensity and area of immuno-response in the distal end were denser and larger than those in the proximal.Conclusion Tropic1808 gene expressional protein expresses in the Schwann cell's membranes of the distal and the proximal after the peripheral nerves were injured.The positive expression in the distal was higher than that in the proximal.;