Résumé
The optimum harvest time of Tulipa edulis was explored based on biomass accumulation and medicinal quality evaluation. Samples were taken from bud stage (Feb 13th) to dormancy stage (May 14th) and the growth indexes, organs biomasses, drying rate, contents of water-soluble extract and polysaccharides were determined. The results showed that biomass distribution of T. edulis varied with growth center and the bulb gained maximum biomass allocation in the whole growth period. The total biomass accumulation and bulb biomass accumulation increased in the whole growth period and peaked in fructescence stage. No differences were observed in bulb biomass among fructescence stage, withering stage and dormancy stage. The correlation between bulb biomass allocation and other morphological indexes varied with the harvest time. Bulb dry weight biomass had negative correlation with some morphological indexes of aerial part of T. edulis at bud stage, flower stage and fructescence and had significant positive (P<0.05) or extremely significant positive correlation（P<0.01）with other morphological indexes except for root at bearing fruits stage. The drying rate of bulb of T. edulis increased with the extension of harvest time and peaked in dormancy stage. The water-soluble extract of T. edulis bulb was the highest in pre-growing-stage. The tendency of polysaccharides contents showed a W-shape variation during the harvesting period. The polysaccharides content was the lowest in fructescence stage and was the highest in dormancy stage. Considering the yield and medicinal quality of T. edulis bulb, the optimum harvest time of T. edulis is in the withering stage or early stage of dormancy.
Résumé
The effect of stereoscopic cultivation on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of Tulipa edulis was studied to explore the feasibility of stereoscopic cultivation on efficient cultivation of T.edulis. Total leaf area and photosynthetic parameters of T.edulis under stereoscopic cultivation (the upper, middle and the lower layers ) and the control were measured using LI-3100 leaf area meter and LI-6400XT photosynthesis system in the growing peak period of T.edulis.Plant biomass and biomass allocation were also determined.In addition, the bulb regeneration and yield of T.edulis were measured in the harvesting time.The results indicated that in the middle layer of stereoscopic cultivation, leaf biomass proportion was the highest, but total bulb fresh and dry weight and output growth (fresh weight) were the lowest among the treatments.And total bulb fresh weight in the middle of stereoscopic cultivation reduced significantly, by 22.84%, compared with the control.Light intensity in the lower layer of stereoscopic cultivation was moderate, in which T.edulis net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were higher than those of the other layers of stereoscopic cultivation, and bulb biomass proportion was the highest in all the treatments.No significant difference was detected in the total bulb fresh weight, dry weight and output growth (fresh weight) between the middle layer of stereoscopic cultivation and the control.In general, there was no significant difference in the growth status of T.edulis between stereoscopic cultivation and the control.Stereoscopic cultivation increased the yield of T.edulis by 161.66% in fresh weight and 141.35% in dry weight compared with the control in the condition of the same land area, respectively.In conclusion, stereoscopic cultivation can improve space utilization, increase the production, and achieve the high density cultivation of T.edulis.
Résumé
Objective: To explore the growth and reproductive characteristics of different grades of Tulipa edulis bulb. Methods: T. edulis bulbs were divided into four grades based on weight, e.g. the 1st grade, m > 2.0 g; the 2nd grade, m 1.0-2.0 g; the 3rd grade, m 0.5-1.0 g, and the 4th grade, m < 0.5 g. The growth indexes, flowering and fruiting percentage, and photosynthetic characteristics were measured at vigorous growth period. And the yield, reproduction coefficient, and net yield-increasing percentage were calculated at harvest period. Results: The growth indexes increased with the increasing weight of bulbs. In comparison with the 3rd and 4th grades bulbs, the 1st and 2nd grades bulbs showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, and net yield-increasing percentage. The bulbs, weight of which were higher than 1 g, showed high flowering and fruiting percentage. Conclusion: The 1st and 2nd grades bulbs are suitable to be reproductive materials for bulbs, while the 3rd and 4th grades bulbs are more applicable as materials for producing seeds.
Résumé
Objective: To establish the tissue culture system of callus induction and cluster shoot proliferation with bud stems of Tulipa edulis. Methods: Bud stems were isolated from cooled T. edulis bulbs as explants. The calli were inducted on MS media with different concentration of 6-BA and NAA, and the cultural conditions of shoot differentiation and multiplication were optimized. Results: The optimal medium for callus induction was MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 2.0 mg/L with a callus inducation rate of 78.54%. After subcultured in original medium, the callus was turned into differentiation medium. The optimal medium for callus differentiation was MS + 6-BA 2.0 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L with a shoot differentiation rate of 66.21%. The optimal medium for the shoot multiplication was MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.2 mg/L, and the proliferation coefficient was 2.48. Conclusion: The media for callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation, and cluster shoot proliferation are optimized. The optimal medium for the culture of T. edulis bud stems is preliminarily established.