The value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 tests in opportunistic screening for non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 tests in opportunistic screening of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on meta-analysis.Methods:The original research literatures on the diagnostic value of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in Chinese NSCLC patients were searched from databases of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Database and Wanfang database from establishment to June 2023. The literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation were carried out independently by two researchers. The quality evaluation tool of diagnostic accuracy studies was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. A summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was used to assess the overall effectiveness of the tests. The outcome stability and publication bias were detected by using sensitivity analysis and Deeks′ test.Results:A total of 23 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the overall sensitivity of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 alone in the diagnosis of NSCLC was relatively low, it was 0.49(95% CI: 0.43-0.55), 0.56(95% CI: 0.49-0.63) and 0.41(95% CI: 0.33-0.49), respectively. The overall sensitivity of the combined detection of the three markers for the diagnosis of NSCLC increased to 0.83(95% CI: 0.69-0.91), but the overall specificity decreased to 0.76(95% CI: 0.69-0.83). Conclusions:The single detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 is not recommended for screening NSCLC in population receiving physical examination. Although the sensitivity of the combined detection of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 for screening NSCLC is improved, but the specificity is decreased, the misdiagnosis rate is increased, so the screening effect is limited.

Clinical significance of tumor budding as a marker for predicting distant metastasis after radical gastrectomy in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of tumor budding as an indicator of postoperative distant organ metastasis after radical gastrectomy in elderly patients diagnosed with gastric cancer.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 124 elderly patients who experienced metastasis after undergoing radical gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The analysis was conducted from March 2015 to June 2022, focusing on the clinicopathological factors that influenced the occurrence of postoperative distant metastasis in these patients.Tumor budding in gastric cancer tissues was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and its clinical significance was analyzed.Results:The tumor budding grade of gastric cancer tissues showed a significant correlation with vascular invasion( χ2=6.731, P=0.009), the number of lymph node metastases( rs=0.481, P<0.001), and the time of distant metastasis( rs=-0.450, P<0.001).In the univariate analysis, factors such as tumor budding grade, tumor size, vascular invasion, postoperative chemotherapy, cancerous nodule, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 125, and the number of lymph node metastases were found to influence distant metastasis-free survival after radical gastrectomy in elderly patients(all P<0.05).The multifactorial analysis also indicated that tumour outgrowth grade was an important independent prognostic factor for postoperative distant metastasis in elderly gastric cancer patients( HR=3.731, P<0.001). Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that tumor budding may serve as a potential marker for predicting distant organ metastasis in elderly patients who have undergone radical gastrectomy.This discovery holds significant clinical implications.

Gut microbiota aids in differentiating proximal colorectal cancer in the combination of tumor markers / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences in bacterial community structure between proximal colon cancer (PC), distal colon cancer (DC), and rectal cancer (RC), and the values of featured microbiota in differentiating PC with tumor markers.Methods:This case-control study enrolled 85 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients, including 22 PC, 15 DC and 48 RC patients, and 8 colorectal adenoma patients from May 2019 to July 2022 at the Department of General Surgery, Anyang Oncology Hospital. The blood and fecal samples were collected before surgery and then subjected to biochemical tests for tumor markers and 16S rDNA tests, respectively. SPSS (27.0.1) was applied to perform the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Chi-Squared Test. Also, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted on tumor markers and/or f_Bacteroidaceae with SPSS software .Results:All groups had significant differences in the CA125 ( F=3.543, P<0.05), CA72-4 ( F=3.596, P<0.05), and serum tumor-associated materials (TAM) levels ( F=5.787, P<0.01). In PC group, the levels of CA125 [PC vs RC, (36.84±6.30) kU/L vs (12.73±4.21) kU/L, P<0.01] and CA72-4 [PC vs RC, (45.56±10.86) kU/L vs (3.30±7.63) kU/L, P<0.01] were significantly higher than that of the RC group, while the level of TAM was remarkably elevated in PC group than in RC group [PC vs RC, (124.84±5.19) U/ml vs (102.44±3.63) U/ml, P<0.001] and CRA group [PC vs CRA, (124.84±5.19) U/ml vs (95.39±8.42) U/ml, P<0.01]. The LEfSe analysis showed that the featured microbiota in the PC group included f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Neisseriaceae, f_Clostridiaceae_1, f_Spirochaetaceae, and so on. The largest area under the ROC belonged to the combination of TAM and f_Bacteroidaceae, which reached 0.845 (95% CI 0.747-0.944), with sensitivity being 0.857 and specificity being 0.815. Conclusions:There is heterogeneity in gut microbiota composition among PC, DC, RC, and CRA. The combination of gut microbiota and tumor biomarkers demonstrated good differentiating effects in proximal colon cancers.

Progress of guanylate binding protein 5 in tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Malignant tumor ranks as a leading cause of human death. Guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) belongs to the family of interferon-γ-inducible large GTPase superfamily and participates in various pathological and physiological processes. A growing number of studies have indicated that GBP5 is involved in the malignant progression of tumors. This article mainly reviews the biological characteristics of GBP5 and its expression, regulation and function in tumors, in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Progress of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B gene in digestive system tumors / 肿瘤研究与临床

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) is defined as a potential cancer suppressor since it was discovered, and it has been found to be silencing in multiple tumors, and its main pathogenic mechanisms include gene mutations, epigenetic modifications in the promoter region and regulation by microRNA (miRNA). Recent studies showed that LRP1B played an important role in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors. Combined with domestic and international research advances, this review summarizes the structure and function of LRP1B and its effect on digestive system tumors, further reveals its potential value as a marker of immunotherapy, and explores its transition from cancer inhibitor to cancer promotor in different tumors, with the aim of helping the subsequent research on the mechanism.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with concurrent chemotherapy in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and its effect on levels of tumor markers and immune cells of patients / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with concurrent chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the effect of this regimen on serum levels of tumor marker and immune cells of patients.Methods:The clinical data of 60 NSCLC patients in Xuzhou Cancer Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment group (combination treatment group) and conventional chemotherapy group by treatment methods, with 30 cases in each group. Before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment, the patients' serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and the levels of serum tumorous M2 pyruvate kinase (TuM2-PK) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of T cell subsets were measured by flow cytometry, and the quality of life of patients was evaluated according to the World Health Organization quality of life scale brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). The clinical efficacy, tumor markers levels, immune cells levels, quality of life and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The overall effective rate of patients in the combination treatment group was 46.67% (14/30), which was higher than 20.00% (6/30) in the conventional chemotherapy group ( χ2 = 4.80, P = 0.029). The differences in serum CEA, CA125, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, TuM2-PK, FAS levels and the proportions of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + T cells and WHOQOL-BREF scores between the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05); the levels of CEA, CA125, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, TuM2-PK, FAS and the proportion of CD8 + T cells at 6 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment in both groups (all P < 0.05), and the proportions of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells and WHOQOL-BREF scores were higher than those before treatment (all P < 0.05); the levels CEA, CA125, VEGF, CYFRA21-1, TuM2-PK and the proportions of CD8 + T cells in the combination treatment group at 6 weeks after treatment were higher than those in the conventional chemotherapy group at 6 weeks after treatment (all P < 0.001), and the proportions of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells and WHOQOL-BREF scores were higher than those in the conventional chemotherapy group at 6 weeks after treatment (all P < 0.05). The differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver and kidney function impairment between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy in NSCLC patients are more effective than conventional chemotherapy, and the combined treatment can more effectively reduce the serum tumor marker levels of patients and enhance the anti-tumor immune effect, with the adverse reactions comparable to conventional chemotherapy.

Clinical application value and prospect of peripheral blood circulating microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Early diagnosis, effective treatment and monitoring of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma have always been difficult problems for clinicians. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma cells' proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and other processes, and can be released into body fluids such as blood, urine and saliva. The peripheral blood miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis, efficacy assessment, recurrence and metastasis monitoring and prognosis judgment, and may even become therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article summarizes the research progress of circulating miRNA in peripheral blood as markers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Progress of relationship between cytokines and treatment-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in tumors and the clinical values / 肿瘤研究与临床

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has significantly improved the efficacy of different types of malignancies, but the immune-related adverse event (irAE) callsed by ICI involves multiple organs and systems, affects the treatment, threatens the health of patients and even endangers their life. Therefore, it is necessary to select biomarkers to predict and monitor the occurrence of irAE, assist in the early diagnosis of high-risk patients, and guide individualized treatment. Recent studies have shown that some certain cytokines may be involved in the genesis and development of irAE. The article provides a review of studies related to cytokines and irAE to provide a reference for clinical prediction and monitoring of irAE.

Expression and clinical significance of Flap endonuclease 1 in acute myeloid leukemia / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the expression level of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its relationship with clinicopathologic features and therapeutic effect, so as to provide a new direction for disease monitoring and targeted therapy in AML patients.Methods:The data of 57 newly treated AML patients and 26 healthy individuals (the healthy control) from the First Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from November 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Bone marrow samples of all subjects were collected. Quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect FEN1 mRNA expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells of all subjects. Bone marrow samples from 9 newly-diagnosed AML patients and 4 healthy controls were collected, and FEN1 protein expression level was detected by using Western blotting. Differences in FEN1 mRNA expression in AML patients achieving different therapeutic effects were compared among AML patients whose data with evaluable efficacy. AML patients were divided into high FEN1 expression group (≥ critical value) and low FEN1 expression group (< critical value), taking the median relative expression level of FEN1 mRNA as the critical value. The correlation of FEN1 expression level with clinicopathologic features, laboratory indicators, cellular and molecular genetic changes in AML patients at initial diagnosis was analyzed.Results:The median relative expression of FEN1 mRNA in newly treated AML patients was higher than that in healthy controls [0.696 (0.025-3.661) vs. 0.246 (0.013-1.237), Z = 1.75, P = 0.041]. Western blotting showed that the expression level of FEN1 protein in AML patients was higher than that in healthy controls. The relative expression of FEN1 mRNA in 15 recurrent AML patients was higher than that in 19 patients patients achieving complete remission (CR) [1.153 (0.047-4.172) vs. 0.259 (0.023-1.148), Z = 2.71, P = 0.009]. The proportion of patients with French-American-British(FAB) type M 5, fever at initial diagnosis and lymph node enlargement in FEN1 high expression group (32 cases) was higher than that in FEN1 low expression group (25 cases) (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportion of gender, age, fatigue, pale skin mucosa and large liver and spleen of patients between the two groups (all P > 0.05). At initial diagnosis, the white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and bone marrow primitive cell proportion in FEN1 high expression group were higher than those in FEN1 low expression group (all P < 0.05), and the hemoglobin and platelet count in FEN1 high expression group were lower than those in FEN1 low expression group (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in procalcitonin level, the proportion of chromosome karyotype, cytogenetic prognosis grade and patients with or without gene mutation between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:FEN1 expression is up-regulated in AML patients and further increased in relapsed patients. FEN1 expression in AML patients is associated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor detection results of laboratory indicators, which may become indicators for disease monitoring in AML patients.

Progress of companion diagnostics in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has achieved good efficacy in treatment of hematological malignancies. As a precise and individualized treatment method, CAR-T is gradually moving towards commercialization. In addition to the introduction of corresponding policies and guiding principles, the related detection protocols should also be updated and improved to maximize its effect and achieve precise individualization. This article introduces and expands the concept of "companion diagnostics" that first appeared in targeted drugs, and introduces the significances of various detection technologies and biomarkers for patient screening, safety monitoring and evaluation of efficacy and CAR-T function in the whole process of CAR-T treatment.

Progress of microRNA in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is not only invasive but also highly heterogeneous. After the first-line treatment, some patients still develop to refractory or relapse, and the survival time is significantly shortened. microRNA (miRNA) is a small molecule of endogenous non-coding RNA, which plays a role through post transcription. They can act as oncogenes to promote the development of cancer, or as tumor suppressor genes to prevent the occurrence of tumors. This article reviews the research progress of miRNA in DLBCL in recent years.

Effectiveness and safety of docetaxel combined with cisplatin in the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in older adult patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of docetaxel combined with cisplatin in the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in older adult patients.Methods:120 older adult patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received second-line treatment in Jiaozhou People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo treatment with docetaxel (control group, n = 60) or docetaxel + cisplatin (observation group, n = 60). Clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups. Results:After chemotherapy, short-term total response rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [70.00% (42/60) vs. 33.33% (20/60), χ2 = 16.15, P < 0.05]. Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 125, cytokeratin 19-fragment CYFRA21-1 were (22.57 ± 3.22) μg/L, (48.61 ± 5.42) U/mL, (10.61 ± 1.64) μg/L, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(35.52 ± 4.46) μg/L, (69.64 ± 7.75) U/mL, (14.26 ± 1.95) μg/L, t = 18.23, 17.22, 11.09, all P < 0.001]. The percentages of CD 3+ and CD 4+ cells were (78.31 ± 8.09)% and (48.63 ± 5.74)%, respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(69.58 ± 7.26)%, (39.82 ± 4.25)%, t = -6.22, -9.55, both P < 0.001]. The percentage of CD 8+ was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [(22.64 ± 3.82)% vs. (26.77 ± 4.01)%, t = 5.77, P < 0.001). The 1-year survival was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group ( χ2 = 4.05, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions during chemotherapy between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Docetaxel combined with cisplatin is highly effective on advanced non-small cell lung cancer in older adult patients. The combined therapy can decrease serum tumor marker levels, improve immune function, and increase 1-year survival rate. It is safe and provides reliable efficacy and thereby is worthy of clinical promotion.

Effects of nedaplatin combined with docetaxel on serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of nedaplatin combined with docetaxel on serum tumor markers and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods:Ninety-two patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who received treatment from March 2016 to December 2017 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo nedaplatin combined with docetaxel (observation group, n = 46) or cisplatin combined with paclitaxel (control group, n = 46). Both groups received two 21-day courses of treatment. Serum tumor marker level, T lymphocyte subset level, clinical efficacy, incidence of adverse reactions, and 2-year survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results:After treatment, serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 199 (CA199), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were (45.84 ± 22.46) U/mL, (35.13 ± 15.03) U/mL, (16.21 ± 3.20) U/mL, respectively in the control group and they were (28.33 ± 20.11) U/mL, (14.82 ± 10.11) U/mL, (5.16 ± 1.33) U/mL, respectively in the observation group. After treatment, CA125, CA199, and CEA levels in each group were significantly decreased compared with before treatment. After treatment, CA125, CA199, and CEA levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group ( t = 3.94, 7.61, 21.63, all P < 0.05). After treatment, the numbers of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + cells in the control group were (16.22 ± 3.12)%, (15.20 ± 1.46)%, (29.21 ± 5.17)%, respectively, and they were (31.22 ± 4.11)%, (24.99 ± 1.71)%, (24.25 ± 4.45)% respectively in the observation group. After treatment, the numbers of CD3 + and CD4 + cells in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 19.72, 29.53, both P < 0.05). After treatment, the number of CD8 + cells in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 4.93, P < 0.05). Total response rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [78.26% (36/46) vs. 58.70% (27/46), χ2 = 4.08, P < 0.05]. The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [23.91% (11/46) vs. 45.65% (21/46), χ2 = 4.79, P < 0.05]. The 2-year survival rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [43.48% (20/46) vs. 23.91% (11/46), χ2 = 3.94, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Nedaplatin combined with docetaxel is highly effective on epithelial ovarian cancer. The combined therapy can greatly reduce serum CA125, CA199, and CEA levels but has no great effects on T lymphocyte subsets. It can increase the survival rate but has no serious adverse reactions.

Prognostic value of tumor markers in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated interstitial lung disease / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between tumor markers and prognosis of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).Methods:A total of 149 patients who were no less than 18 years old and diagnosed with IIM-ILD from July 2017 to September 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were consecutively enrolled in the study. Ten patients were lost to follow-up. The remaining 139 cases were regarded as research objects. Patients were divided into survival group or death group according to their one-year survival status. Then their baseline characteristics were compared. Univariate Cox regression analyses of age, gender, cancer, inflammatory indexes, muscle zymogram, tumor markers, ferritin, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody and treatment regimens were conducted to identify prognostic risk factors of one-year mortality. Corrected multivariable cox regression was applied to screen the independent risk factors associated with one-year mortality of IIM-ILD. According to the cut-off value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) (6 μg/L and 28 μg/L, respectively), patients were divided into high-level groups and low-level groups. Kaplan Meier survival curve were generated to compare one-year survival rate of high-level groups and low-level groups. On the basis of qualitative results of MDA5 antibody, patients were split into two groups with positive MDA5 antibody or negative MDA5 antibody. The differences of CEA, NSE levels between the two groups and the correlation between CEA, NSE levels and ferritin were analyzed.Results:Age, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CEA, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, NSE and ferritin in the death group were higher than those in the survival group, while the rate of immunosuppressant administration was lower than that in survival group ( P<0.05). Univariate regression analyses showed that CEA, cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA211) and NSE were risk factors for one-year mortality of IIM-ILD. Adjusted by age, treatment regimens and tumor, multivariate regression analysis showed that CEA [ HR=1.112, 95% CI (1.017-1.214), P=0.019] and NSE [ HR=1.033, 95% CI (1.002-1.064), P=0.034] were independent risk factors for one-year mortality. One-year survival rate of the group with CEA≥6 μg/L was lower than that in the group with CEA<6 μg/L (Logrank test, P<0.001). Similarly, one-year survival rate of the group with NSE≥28 μg/L was lower than that in the group with NSE<28 μg/L (Logrank test, P<0.001). In addition, the CEA level in patients with positive MDA5 antibody was higher than that in patients with negative MDA5 antibody ( P<0.001). However, there was no correlation between NSE and MDA5 antibody. Moreover, serum levels of CEA ( r=0.299, P=0.002) and NSE ( r=0.349, P<0.001) were positively correlated with ferritin. Conclusions:Tumor markers have predictive value for the prognosis of IIM-ILD. Higher CEA and NSE are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with IIM-ILD.

Progress of biomarkers for predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage of colorectal cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Anastomotic leakage is one of the common and serious complications after colorectal cancer surgery, and it should be detected, prevented and treated as soon as possible. In recent years, the causes, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative anastomotic leakage of colorectal cancer have always been the focus of clinical attention, and relevant reports and prediction indicators continue to emerge. This article reviews the current situation and progress of biomarkers for predicting postoperative anastomotic leakage of colorectal cancer, in order to provide theoretical basis for early clinical detection and treatment of anastomotic leakage.

Progress of molecular markers in adult acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant tumor dominated by B-cell or T-cell proliferation, of which 80% is the malignant proliferation of B-lymphocytes, and it can be more commonly seen in children. Studies have found that ALL is often accompanied by abnormal molecular biological phenotypes. The study of the molecular biological characteristics of ALL helps the precise diagnosis, prognostic analysis, pathogenesis research and the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This article summarizes several molecular markers of adult acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia discovered in recent years, and reviews the clinical significance.

Progress of clinical applications of long non-coding RNA in gastric cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, constituting a serious threat to human health. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer at multiple levels and plays critical regulatory roles. It plays important roles in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment of gastric cancer. This review focuses on the recent research advances in the clinical applications of lncRNA in gastric cancer.

Efficacy observation of deep hyperthermia combined with recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor injection and AP regimen in treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of deep hyperthermia combined with recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor injection and AP (pemetrexed + cisplatin) regimen in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its effects on serum tumor marker levels and immune function of patients.Methods:In this prospective randomized controlled study, 106 patients with advanced NSCLC who were admitted to the Seventh People's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2016 to January 2022 were included, and were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, with 53 cases in each group. The control group was treated with recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor injection combined with AP regimen. The observation group was given recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor injection combined with AP regimen and deep hyperthermia. After 4 consecutive cycles of treatment, the short-term efficacy of the two groups was observed. Chemiluminescence assay was used to detect the serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and cytokeratin fragment 19 CYFR21-1 before and after treatment. T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. The occurrence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.Results:The objective response rates in observation group and control group were 58.49% (31/53) and 37.74% (20/53), the disease control rates in observation group and control group were 92.45% (49/53) and 75.47% (40/53), the observation group was higher than the control group ( χ2 = 4.53, P = 0.033; χ2 = 5.62, P = 0.018). The differences in serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glycoantigen 125 (CA125) and CYFR21-1 levels between the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), they were lower in both groups after treatment than before treatment (all P < 0.05), and they were lower in the observation group after treatment than in the control group after treatment (all P < 0.05). The differences in peripheral blood CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell levels and CD4 + to CD8 + T-cell ratio (CD4 +/CD8 +) between the two groups before treatment and in the observation group before and after treatment were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Peripheral blood CD3 + and CD4 + T-cell levels and CD4 +/CD8 + in the control group after treatment were lower than before treatment (all P < 0.05), and the peripheral blood CD8 + T-cell level was higher than before treatment ( P < 0.05). CD3 + and CD4 + cell levels and CD4 +/CD8 + in the observation group after treatment were higher than those in the control group after treatment, CD8 + T-cell level was lower than the control group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). There were different degree of gastrointestinal reactions, bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney damage and cardiotoxicity in both groups during treatment, but the differences in the incidence of each adverse reaction between the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Deep hyperthermia combined with recombinant human vascular endothelial inhibitor injection and AP regimen in the treatment of advanced NSCLC can effectively reduce the serum tumor marker levels, improve the immunosuppression status of the body and enhance the recent efficacy, and the overall adverse reactions are controllable and well tolerated by patients.

Progress of long non-coding RNA in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized with intense invasion, early recurrence, rapid progression, short survival time and easy invasion and metastasis. Due to its high heterogeneity and lack of specific targeted therapy, its pathogenesis has become an important target of current research. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA with more than 200 nucleotide sequences in length. More and more studies have found lncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of TNBC. This article reviews the biological characteristics of lncRNA, the current research status of the expression, function and regulation of lncRNA in TNBC to provide theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.

Clinicopathological analysis of malignant pleural effusion cell masses from 105 cases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the pathological types, tissue sources and clinical features of malignant pleural effusion.Methods:Cell masses were collected from 105 cases of malignant pleural effusion diagnosed by immunohistochemical examination after liquid-based cytology between May 2017 and October 2019 in Qidong People's Hospital, China. The pathological, morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics of the cell masses were analyzed.Results:Immunohistochemistry results showed that pleural effusion malignant cells were from lung adenocarcinoma tissue in 94 (89.52%) cases because they were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, Napsin A and carcinoembryonic antigen, from small cell lung cancer tissue in one (0.95%) case because they were positive for neural cell adhesion molecule 1 and synaptophysin,from lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue in 2 (1.90%) cases because they were positive for cytokeratin 5/6 and P40, from ovarian adenocarcinoma tissue in 1 (0.95%) case because they were positive for CA125, from breast adenocarcinoma tissue in 4 (3.81%) cases because they were positive for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, from the gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma tissue in 2 (1.90%) case because they were positive for caudal-type homeobox 2, and from the pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue in 1 (0.95%) case because they were positive for cancer antigen 19-9 (CA199).Conclusion:Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion. Lung adenocarcinoma cells are positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, Napsin A and carcinoembryonic antigen. The combined use of the three markers can help the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, lung adenocarcinoma should be differentiated from other types of lung cancer and the tumors from other regions.