Rattus norvegicus infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi: efeitos clínicos do tratamento com Lycopodium clavatun e phosphorus ultradiluídos / Rattus norvegicus infected with Trypanosoma cruzi: clinical effects of treatment with highly diluted Lycopodium clavatun and phosphorus / Rattus norvegicus infectado con Trypanosoma cruzi: efectos clínicos del tratamiento con Clavatun licopodio altamente diluido y fósforo

A doença de Chagas causada pelo parasita Trypanosoma cruzi acomete milhões de pessoas no mundo e não conta com um medicamento de ação efetiva para o seu tratamento etiológico. As drogas disponíveis, o nifurtimox e o benznidazol possuem índices de cura baixos com efeitos colaterais e toxidade que dificultam a adesão dos pacientes à terapia. Este fato impulsiona a busca por alternativas de tratamento que sejam mais efetivas e menos agressivas. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação dos efeitos clínicos apresentados por Rattus norvergicus infectados por T. cruzi e tratados com soluções ultradiluídas de Lycopodium clavatum ou Phosphorus. O estudo envolveu 93 ratos com quarenta e cinco dias de idade infectados intraperitonealmente com 5x106 formas tripomastigotas sanguíneos da cepa Y de T. cruzi, distribuídos nos grupos: Sadio SD (n=13) - controle não infectado e não tratado, grupo CI (n=27) - controle infectado e tratado com solução hidroalccólica 7% (etanol ­ água), grupo LY diluição 1:1x1026 (n=27) - infectado e tratado com Lycopodium, grupo PH diluição 1:1x1026 (n=26) - infectado e tratado com Phosphorum. Os animais foram avaliados clinicamente através dos parâmetros peso, temperatura, consumo de água e ração, quantidade de excretas, diâmetro e comprimento intestinal, aspecto da pelagem e consistência das fezes. Este estudo mostrou que os parâmetros utilizados foram importantes para a definição clínica da infecção de Rattus novergicus, linhagem Wistar pelo T. cruzi. Mostrou que os medicamentos LY e PH apresentam efeitos benéficos na evolução da clínica dos animais tratados. A utilização de Lycopodium clavatum e Phosphorus diluídos na proporção de 1:1x1026, apresentaram efeitos diferentes. Oito e seis parâmetros de quatorze analisados mostraram efeitos positivos para LY e PH, respectivamente. Os parâmetros consumo de água e ração, quantidade de excretas, diarreia, alopecia difusa e comprimento intestinal apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao controle infectado mostrando que mais estudos são necessários com o uso de medicamentos ultradiluídos na infecção pelo T. cruzi.

Chagas disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi affects millions of people worldwide and does not have an effective drug for its etiological treatment. The available drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, have low cure rates with side effects and toxicity that make it difficult for patients to adhere to therapy. This fact drives the search for treatment alternatives that are more effective and less aggressive. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the clinical effects presented by Rattus norvergicus infected by T. cruzi and treated with ultradiluted solutions of Lycopodium clavatum or Phosphorus. The study involved 93 forty five day old rats intraperitoneally infected with 5x106 blood trypomastigotes forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi, distributed in the following groups: Healthy SD (n=13) - non-infected and untreated control, CI group (n =27) - infected control and treated with 7% hydroalcoholic solution (ethanol ­ water), LY group dilution 1:1x1026 (n=27) - infected and treated with Lycopodium, PH group dilution 1:1x1026 (n=26) - infected and treated with Phosphorum. The animals were clinically evaluated through the parameters weight, temperature, water and feed consumption, amount of excreta, intestinal diameter and length, coat appearance and feces consistency. This study showed that the parameters used were important for the clinical definition of infection of Rattus novergicus, Wistar lineage by T. cruzi. It showed that LY and PH drugs have beneficial effects on the clinical evolution of treated animals. The use of Lycopodium clavatum and Phosphorus diluted in the ratio of 1:1x1026, showed different effects. Eight and six parameters out of fourteen analyzed showed positive effects for LY and PH, respectively. The parameters water and feed consumption, amount of excreta, diarrhea, diffuse alopecia and intestinal length showed significant differences in relation to the infected control, showing that more studies are needed with the use of ultradiluted drugs in T. cruzi infection.

La enfermedad de Chagas causada por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo y no cuenta con un fármaco eficaz para su tratamiento etiológico. Los fármacos disponibles, nifurtimox y benznidazol, presentan bajas tasas de curación con efectos secundarios y toxicidad que dificultan la adherencia terapéutica de los pacientes. Este hecho impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas de tratamiento más eficaces y menos agresivas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos clínicos presentados por Rattus norvergicus infectados por T. cruzi y tratados con soluciones ultradiluidas de Lycopodium clavatum o Fósforo. En el estudio participaron 93 ratas de cuarenta y cinco días de edad infectadas intraperitonealmente con 5x106 formas tripomastigotes sanguíneas de la cepa Y de T. cruzi, distribuidos en los siguientes grupos: SD sano (n=13) - control no infectado y no tratado, grupo CI (n =27) - control infectado y tratado con solución hidroalcohólica al 7% (etanol - agua), grupo LY dilución 1:1x1026 (n=27) - infectado y tratado con Lycopodium, grupo PH dilución 1:1x1026 (n=26) - infectado y tratado con Phosphorum. Los animales fueron evaluados clínicamente mediante los parámetros peso, temperatura, consumo de agua y pienso, cantidad de excrementos, diámetro y longitud intestinal, aspecto del pelaje y consistencia de las heces. Este estudio demostró que los parámetros utilizados eran importantes para la definición clínica de la infección de Rattus novergicus, linaje Wistar por T. cruzi. Demostró que los fármacos LY y PH tienen efectos beneficiosos en la evolución clínica de los animales tratados. El uso de Lycopodium clavatum y Phosphorus diluidos en la proporción de 1:1x1026, mostró efectos diferentes. Ocho y seis parámetros de los catorce analizados mostraron efectos positivos para LY y PH, respectivamente. Los parámetros consumo de agua y pienso, cantidad de excretas, diarrea, alopecia difusa y longitud intestinal mostraron diferencias significativas en relación al control infectado, mostrando que son necesarios más estudios con el uso de fármacos ultradiluidos en la infección por

Neurobehavioral assessment of Danio reriointoxicated by Mercury and the use of Mercurius solubilis

Mercury is used in various industrial. Part of Mercury's industrial waste is discharged into the environment, rivers and their tributaries, thus contaminating aquatic animals. Aim:to evaluate Mercury-induced behavioral changes in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by the analysis of locomotor activity and parameters related to neurotoxicity and to verify whether ultra-diluted substances can decrease neurobehavioral effects and toxic. Methodology:The fishes were separated into 4 monitoring aquariums with 8 fishes each, with temperature, pH controlled, until the time of the toxicological experiments. 0.5 mL of Mercury 6cH, 30cH and distilled water (positive control) were added per liter of water in each aquarium containing 6 liters of water, then 3 mL of medication per aquarium, the white control received no medication and the toxic agent. After 1 hour the drugs were added, toxic mercury (200 µg/L), 4 mL per aquarium was added and remained so for 24 hours. All the experiment was run in blind, and the drugs identified by codes. The animals were subjected to behavioral tests (Open Field-locomotion; Vertical Open Field for neurotoxicity evaluation and Light and Dark Test), and each stage was recorded for later evaluation of movements and neurobehavioral changes. ANOVA was performed, followed by Tukey test, with p <0.05. Results: Mercury produced an anxiogenic effect in animals that were submitted to it without medication. In the vertical open field, there was an increase in erratic movements (1.25 ± 1.0) and tremors (0.87 ± 0.35) compared to the control (0.12 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46 respectively), proving the toxic effect. Fishes which received the medication at 6 cH and 30 ch showed tremors and erratic movements similar to control. Conclusion:200 µg/L mercury in water can cause neurobehavioral disturbances in fishes, and animals receiving Mercurius6 cH and 30 cH ultra-diluted drug did not show neurotoxicity.

Control of Rhipicephalus microplusticks in dairy cattle using homeopathic therapy

The negative impact of Rhipicephalus microplusinfestations on cattle farming is well-known. The main control method is the use of ixodicides, which have as side effects environmental contamination, the selection of resistant lineages, and toxicity. Their use is also prohibited in systems that produce organic and agroecological food. Such factors reinforce the importance of strengthening researchrelated to the application of homeopathic principles in animal production. Aim: In this setting, this work aimed at assessing the efficacy of the homeopathic therapy to control Rhipicephalus microplusticks in dairy cattle. Methodology: 63 crossbred and Girolando breed cows, 1 and 9 years of age, naturally infested by ticks and created under a semi-intensive system in three farms (1, 2,and 3) were assayed. The animals were divided into three control groups and three treated groups, using the drug product EndectoSigo® (Psorinum12 CH, Sulphur 12CH, Ledum palustre12 CH, Cina12 CH e Apis mell.7CH) at a dose of 10 g/animal/day added to mineral and/or food supplement. The visual counting of teleogines with the size equal to or higher than four millimeters indiameter was performed in the neck or udder area of the animal. Pluviometry and registration of ixodicide baths were performed as well.The means obtained were compared by using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Results: The mean number of teleogines on farm 1was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treatment group. As for farms 2 and 3, there was no statistical difference between the groups (treated and control); however, it was observed that two ixodicide baths were required in the control group (farm 2). Thepluviometry did not interfere with the manifestation. Conclusion: It was concluded that the homeopathic treatment has the efficacy required to control this tick in cattle and can be an alternative to the use of chemical ixodicides.

Homeopathic and larvicide effect of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil against Aedes aegypti

The aim of this work to study the homeopathic and larvicide effect of Eucalyptus cinerea essential oil on Aedes aegypti. Essential oil had high larvicide effect with LC50 and LC90 of 0.38 and 0.27 mg mL-1, respectively. Generally, the homeopathy of essential oil affected the A. aegypti development stages. Dynamizations 6CH, 9CH and 12CH reduced the mean number of larvae when compared to that of control. Mean number of mosquitoes decreased through homeopathic dynamization 30CH. Results showed that E. cinerea essential oil was highly promising and could be used in public health system for the control of A. aegypti.

O efeito larvicida e homeopático do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus cinerea sobre o Aedes aegypti foi aqui analisado. Foram estudados os efeitos larvicida (doses de 0 a 100 mg mL-1) e homeopático (dinamizações 3CH, 6CH, 9CH, 12CH e 30CH) do óleo essencial de E. cinerea sobre os estádios de desenvolvimento do Aedes aegypti. O óleo essencial apresentou grande poder larvicida com LC50 e LC90 de 0,38 mg mL e 0,27 mg/mL, respectivamente. As homeopatias do óleo essencial, de modo geral, influenciaram nos estádios de desenvolvimento do A. aegypti. As dinamizações 6CH, 9CH e 12CH reduziram o número médio de larvas em comparação com o controle. O número médio de mosquito foi reduzido pela dinamização homeopática 30CH. Os resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial de E. cinerea tem grande potencial para ser utilizado nos programas de saúde pública para o controle do A. aegypti. A homeopatia do óleo essencial interferiu na biologia do Aedes aegypti e deve ser objeto de estudo em futuros experimentos.