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Background: To maintain the immunization effectiveness, and uninterrupted availability of vaccine, functional cold chain is required. This can be achieved by continuous monitoring and supervision. The objective was to assess the functionality and monitoring of cold chain points of Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the month of January 2021 in 15 old and new cold chain points, which were selected randomly from all the five blocks of district. Block level “supportive supervision of cold chain and vaccine management” checklist was used to collect the data. The data was presented in frequency and percentages. Results: The key findings were shortage of staff, irregular review of temperature records and irregular cold chain point monitoring. Other gaps included failure to record monitoring visits and the improper positioning of ice packs and cold chain equipment. Conclusions: There were shortfalls in the fundamental elements of cold chain, which call for immediate action from the authorities.
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The Vaccine Management Law is the first one in China, which has milestone significance. This article interprets the background and significance of the Law and the requirements for vaccination clinics, analyzes and compares the terms of the Law with those of previous laws and regulations, and emphasizes that routine vaccination behaviors need to comply with the Law. Through the interpretation of the main content, the article makes it convenient for the vaccination staff to have a preliminary understanding of the Law, avoid the occurrence of illegal acts in the implementation of immunization, and ensure the safety, standardization and scientific implementation of vaccination services so as to guarantee and promote the public health.
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Background: Cold chain equipments (CCEs) at health facilities (HFs) are an essential part of the immunization supply chain (ISC). The CCEs in government HFs of Delhi were never assessed using the World Health Organization-United Nations Children's Fund (WHO-UNICEF) Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) tool except that of state vaccine store during National EVM assessment 2013. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the CCEs and their management in government HFs using the WHO-UNICEF EVM tool in a district of Delhi. Methods: The assessment was done during December 2017朚arch 2018 in one randomly selected district of Delhi. Sample size and site selection were done using the WHO EVM site selection tool. A total of 29 HFs were assessed along with District Vaccine Store. Questions on CCEs in EVM tool 1.0.9 were used for data collection. Results: Out of 56 electrical CCEs, 8.9% were nonfunctional, 48.2% were noncompliant with WHO standards, 5.4% were not chlorofluorocarbon free, 4.7% did not have temperature monitoring device, and 18.8% did not have stabilizer. Eighty-six percent of passive containers were compliant with the WHO standards. The storage capacity of electrical vaccine storage equipment was insufficient in 3.4%, passive container capacity in 65.5%, and ice packs preparation and storage capacity in 24.1% of HFs. There was no planned preventive maintenance of CCEs and no standard operating procedures for emergency event management. Conclusion: There was a shortage of vaccine storage, ice packs preparation and storage, and passive container capacity. Many CCEs used in ISC of assessed sites were noncompliant to the WHO standards. There was no PPM of CCEs and no guidelines for emergency event management.
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Objective @# To learn the situation of vaccine management in Zhejiang Province by SWOT analysis,so as to provide basis for normalization and standardization of vaccine management. @*Methods@#Through supervision and investigation,the data of vaccine management related human resources and information construction of the CDCs in Zhejiang Province were collected. The comprehensive evaluation of vaccine management in Zhejiang Province was carried out by SWOT analysis,and the SWOT matrix was established for suggestions.@*Results@#The advantages of vaccine management in Zhejiang Province lay in the standardized management of purchase and supply,the construction of vaccine management information system and the guarantee of cold chain system;the disadvantages lay in the insufficient allocation of human resources,new problems of cold chain management,the lack of standardized vaccine management mode and the incomplete coverage of vaccine and vaccination information system;the opportunities lay in the legalization of vaccine management,“Healthy Zhejiang”initiative and the “one run at most”reform in healthcare services;the threats lay in the shortage of vaccine,the gap between the expectation of the public on vaccine management and the current situation,and the reduced capacity of vaccine deployment in the provincial CDC. We should constantly improve the construction of vaccine management system,strengthen the standardized administration,regularly carry out risk assessment on vaccine management,accelerate the full coverage of vaccine and vaccination management information system,and explore the standard operation procedure of vaccine management in Zhejiang Province. @*Conclusions @#Although some achievements have been made in vaccine management in Zhejiang Province,there is still a gap from the goals of high-efficiency,high-level,normalization and standardization. The standardization and full coverage of the information system of vaccine management should be strengthen in the next stage.
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Background: Immunization is an important among activity in the Public Health Services. The vaccines are highly temperature sensitive and vaccine potency once lost cannot be restored. A well-managed cold chain will increase the efficiency of immunization and reduce vaccine wastage. An assessment of cold chain system for vaccine storage was done in the all PHCs of the study area. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the cold chain practices, with particular reference to assessing the availability of cold chain equipment, vaccine storage practices, monitoring of cold chain in primary health centres (PHCs) of Bhojpur district. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at all the cold chain points of 14 PHCs of Bhojpur district during January to May 2015. A predesigned, pretested checklist was used by the trained investigators during their visits. The information was evaluated on the basis of important components related to the cold chain points. Results: All the PHCs had a dedicated cold chain room with sufficient number of cold chain equipment. Consolidated effective vaccine management score for cold chain points of 8 (57.1%) PHCs were average (60-79%). None of the PHCs have satisfactory score (≥ 80%). Vaccine storage practice and availability of complete RI micro-plan were found satisfactory at 12 (85.7%) PHCs. Maintenance of cold chain equipment were satisfactory at 10 (71%) PHCs. But, temperature monitoring. (5) (35.7%) and waste disposal related to routine immunization 3 (21.4%) PHCs were disappointing. Conclusion: The primary health centres had average performance related to the cold chain system, which is a matter of concern warranting for the cold chain monitoring. We recommend supportive supervision as the key measures in improvement of cold chain system.
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Background: UNICEF launched the mobile‑based Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) system in Bihar in 2014 along with the state government to electronically capture information and identify gaps in the existing vaccine management system for appropriate action. Objective: This study accessed the implementation process of this initiative. Methods: Quantitative data related to vaccine supply chain management indicators were collected in November–December 2015 using factsheets and dashboards, representing the situation of the vaccine supply and cold chain management system at regular intervals since the launch. In‑depth interviews were conducted with the program specialists to understand the initiative’s genesis, its challenges and strengths. Results: This initiative resulted in an increased cold chain space from 49% (July 2014) to 87% (September 2015), deployment of sufficient human resource; 38 cold chain technicians for regular maintenance of the machines and equipment, installation of necessary equipment, and upgradation of state and regional vaccine stores. In health facilities, district vaccine stores, and regional vaccine stores, marked improvements were observed in the overall EVM criteria indicators (82%, 84%, and 80% in September 2015, respectively, as against 51%, 46%, and 43% in July 2014, respectively) as well as EVM category indicators (83%, 84%, and 76% in September 2015, respectively, as compared to 54%, 53%, and 54% in July 2014, respectively). Conclusion: The EVM mobile initiative was successfully implemented and it complies with its objective of providing experienced guidance to the human resource responsible for vaccine cold chain management. The initiative is scalable and its sustainability depends on its thoughtful merger with the existing immunization ecosystem.
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OBJECTIVE:To improve the vaccine management system in China and the role of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management,circulation and delivery. METHODS:The current situation,related supporting measures,and social bene-fits of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management were introduced to provide basis for the vaccine management for Chinese licensed pharmacists. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:In the beginning,American licensed pharmacists only educated physi-cians and the public,then developed to deliver vaccines in pharmacies supervised by practicing physicians,and participated in ad-ministration of vaccines both for adults and children,finally evolved to be part of the ADR monitoring system,etc. The way to par-ticipate vaccine management included receiving vaccination training,cardiopulmonary resuscitation training,vaccine continuing edu-cation and licensed pharmacist authorization;it has been participated in the vast majority of vaccine management currently. In order to make sure the professionalism,security and enthusiasm of licensed pharmacist in vaccine management,there were supporting measures established by Pharmacy Governing Council in America,including strengthening professional training,saving vaccina-tions,ADR monitoring records,developing responsibilities insurance and Medicare payment system. The above measures have strengthened patients’willingness to take vaccine,improved the social acceptance of pharmacists and saved costs. The Chinese li-censed pharmacists have not play their proper role,it is suggested to progressively realize licensed pharmacist participating in vac-cine management to play the role of licensed pharmacists in vaccine management,circulation and delivery in aspects of construct-ing vaccine regulatory system of“dredging instead of blocking”,clearing positioning of pharmacy and improving the supporting measures of licensed pharmacist participating in vaccine management.