Un modelo explicativo de la conducta suicida de los pueblos indígenas del departamento del Vaupés, Colombia, / An Explanatory Model of Suicidal Behaviour in Indigenous Peoples of the Department of Vaupés, Colombia

RESUMEN Introducción: La conducta suicida es un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Los pueblos indígenas son una de las poblaciones más vulnerables. Objetivo: Establecer un modelo explicativo de la conducta suicida de los pueblos indígenas del departamento del Vaupés. Métodos: Estudio mixto cualicuantitativo con población del Departamento del Vaupés. Análisis univariable de bases de datos locales e implementación de diferentes técnicas de recolección de datos cualitativos en campo, con el respectivo análisis hermenéutico siguiendo pautas propuestas por otros autores. Resultados: La conducta suicida es un problema para los pueblos indígenas del Departamento del Vaupés. Se presentan diferentes explicaciones para dichas conductas que involucran aspectos tradicionales y estructurales, los cuales se integran en un modelo explicativo que permite orientar las intervenciones. Conclusiones: El modelo explicativo permite avanzar en la intervención de las conductas suicidas adecuada en lo sociocultural, y abre nuevas posibilidades para la interacción con otros modelos de cuidado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicidal behaviour is a global public health problem. Indigenous peoples are one of the most vulnerable populations. Objective: To establish an explanatory model of the suicidal behaviour of the indigenous peoples of the department of Vaupés. Methods: Mixed qualitative-quantitative study with the population of Vaupés. A univariate analysis of local databases, and implementation of different qualitative data collection techniques in the field, with hermeneutic analysis following guidelines proposed by other authors. Results: Suicidal behaviour is a problem for the indigenous peoples of Vaupés. Different explanations for these behaviours involving traditional and structural aspects are integrated in an explanatory model, which makes it possible to guide action. Conclusions: The explanatory model makes it possible to advance socioculturally in the appropriate way to address suicidal behaviours, and opens up new possibilities for interaction with other healthcare models.

Diversity and genetic structure analysis of three Amazonian Amerindian populations from Colombia / Análisis de la diversidad y la estructura genética de tres poblaciones indígenas amazónicas colombianas

Introduction: In the departments of the Vaupés and Guaviare, in southeastern Colombia, in a transitional area between Amazonia and the eastern plains, inhabit indigenous groups belonging to the Tukanoan (East) and Guahiban linguistic families. Although some studies have dealt with the culture and the cosmology description of these groups, little research has been done on the biological diversity and genetic relationships of such groups.Objective: To estimate the diversity, the structure, and the genetic relationships of one Guahiban and two Tukanoan groups of the Colombian Amazonian region.Methods: Samples were collected (n = 106) from unrelated individuals belonging to the Vaupés native indigenous communities. The DNA was extracted and nine autosomal microsatellites were typed. Several measures of diversity, FST, pairwise FST, and population differentiation between groups were calculated. Finally, it was estimated the genetic distances of the groups studied in relation with other Amazonian, Andean and Central American indigenous people.Results: 1. The genetic diversity found stands within the range of other Amazonian populations, whereas compared to the mestizo and afro-descendant Colombian populations, such diversity showed to be lower. 2. The structure and population differentiation tests showed two clusters; one consisting of the Vaupés Tukanoan and Guaviare Tukanoan groups, and a second one formed by the Guayabero. 3. Tukanoan groups are found to be closer related to the Brazilian Amazonian populations than to the Guayabero.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the Guayabero group from Guaviare, are genetically differentiated from those Tukanoan groups of the Vaupés and Guaviare