Résumé
Background: The human ears are very important organ of the face. Its structure gives information about age andsex. Anatomically ear is divided into three parts i.e. External ear, Middle ear and Internal ear. External earconsists of auricle (helix, choncha, antihalix, tragus, anti tragus, cymba choncha, cavum choncha), externalauditory meatus. Anthropometric data of present study help in better objective referred material for the aestheticplastic surgeon, sex determination and in industrial ears product design.Material and methods: This anthropometric study was started after taking ethical clearance from the institution.Before taking measurement, the informed written consent was taken from the entire participant selected for thestudy. Number of cases in this study was 119 between the age group of 16 to 26 years and without any acquiredor congenital deformities. The study was conducted on 65 males and 54 females. All measurements were takenfrom digital vernier calliper and recorded in centimetre.Results: In this study the mean and standard deviation (SD) of Total ear height (TEH) of right and left ear in maleand female was 6.08+-0.35 cm,5.97+_0.32 cm and 5.69+_ 0.34 cm, 5.66+_0.37cm. Total Ear width (EW) of right andleft ear in male and female was 2.93+_0.23 cm, 2.95+_ 0.21 cm and 2.55 +_0.23 cm, 2.59 +_0.24 cm. Respectivelylobular Height (LH) of right and left ear in male and female was 1.58 +_0.19 cm, 1.65+_0.16 cm and 1.56+_0.16 cm,1.63 +_0.17 cm. Lobular width (LW) of right and left ear in male and female was 1.7 +_ 0.25 cm, 1.73 +_0.25cm and1.67 +_0.26cm, 1.72 +_ 0.20 cm found.Conclusion: All parameters were found higher in male than female. All the parameters were highly significant.
Résumé
Aim: This study was to determine the distance between IOF and IOM, IOF and pyriform aperture,the presence of accessory foraminae, orientation and location in relation with teeth on both the sides. Materials and Methods: Fifty dried human skulls (100 sides) irrespective of age and sex were used for this study. The distance between the IOF and IOM and the distance between the IOF and pyriform aperture were measured by using manual vernier calliper. The orientation, location in relation with teeth and presence of accessory foramina were observed macroscopically. Observations and Discussion: Accessory foramina may give complications during anaesthetization of this region. The mean distance between the IOF and infraorbital margin was 22.6mm and 15.2mm on the left and right side respectively. Mean distance between I.O.F and pyriform aperture was 26.2mm and 25.8mm on the left and right side respectively. In 30% skulls the IOF were directed vertically downward on the right side and in 38% on the left side. In 66% downward medially on the right side and 56% on the left side and in4% skulls medially on the right side and 6% on the left side. The majority of IOF were oriented to second premolar teeth on the right side and between second premolar and first molar on the left side.Accessory foraminae were found in 6% of skulls. The results of our study may be helpful during surgical procedures in the maxillary region in reduction of Lefort fracture, and giving regional nerve block.
Résumé
Background and Objectives : To determine sex from unknown skeletal remains is vital. Various methods to do this on different bones of human skeleton have been extensively studied. In general male bones are heavier larger and muscular markings are more prominently seen as compared to female bones. The objective of this study was to find out comparative differences between the right and left clavicles from certain metrical parameters and to enable assessment of sex from unknown clavicles. Methods: The study was conducted on 213 adult clavicles, out of which 96 were of the right side and 117 were of the left. The maximum length of clavicles in mm was taken and demarking points were established by adding and subtracting 3×SD from means. Results: The mean length of right clavicle was 142.28 mm ± 11.40 mm SD and that of left clavicle was 145.14 mm ± 11.87 mm SD. It has been observed that left clavicle is longer than right clavicle by 2.82mm. Depending upon length of clavicle the sex can be decided in 3.13% male and 2.08% female in right clavicles and 1.71% male and 1.71% female in left clavicles. Conclusion: The left clavicle was longer compared to right clavicle. Demarking points give 99.75% accurate data, measured by adding & subtracting 3×SD from means. Demarking points for length of clavicles were >176.48 mm for male & <108.08 mm for female on right side and >180.75mm for male & <109.53 mm for female on left side for this study. This study is useful for medico legal and anthropological examination of bones and for academic studies in anatomy.