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Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica y metabólica (CBM) es efectiva en lograr pérdida de peso a corto plazo. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada en desenlaces clínicos y metabólicos a largo plazo. Métodos. Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo con pacientes llevados a baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BGYR) o gastrectomía en manga (MG) por laparoscopia en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre 2013 y 2021. El cambio de peso, control de comorbilidades y resultados metabólicos se recopilaron al inicio del estudio, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de cirugía, y anualmente hasta el quinto año. Las tasas de control de comorbilidades se evaluaron mediante la prueba Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para evaluar el efecto de covariables en la reganancia de peso. Resultados. De 1092 pacientes con CBM (71,4 % MG y 28,6 % BGYR), 67 % eran mujeres, con mediana de edad 48 años e índice de masa corporal de 35,5 Kg/m2. Después de cinco años de seguimiento, la tasa de control en diabetes mellitus fue 65,5 %, en hipertensión 56,6 % y en dislipidemia 43,6 %. La tasa de reganancia de peso fue 28 %, sin diferencias entre MG vs BGYR (p=0,482). El tiempo promedio hasta peso nadir fue 14 meses. La edad al momento de CBM fue el mejor predictor independiente de reganancia (HR=1,02, IC95% 1,01-1,04), pero con efecto clínico modesto. Conclusión. La CBM es segura y muestra beneficios a largo plazo en la pérdida de peso y control de comorbilidades en población colombiana.
Introduction. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has shown its efficacy in achieving short-term weight loss. However, there is limited evidence regarding long-term clinical and metabolic outcomes. Methods. Retrospective longitudinal study with patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) interventions in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2013 and 2021. Weight change, comorbidity control, and metabolic outcomes were collected at the onset, 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery, and annually up to the fifth year. Comorbidity control rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of covariates on weight regain. Results. Of 1092 patients with BMS (71.4% SG and 28.6% RYGB), 67% were women, with a median age of 48 years, BMI 35.5 kg/m2. After five years of follow-up, the control rate in diabetes mellitus was 65.5%, in hypertension 56.6%, and dyslipidemia 43.6%. The weight regain rate was 28% with no differences between SG vs RYGB (p=0.482). The mean time to nadir weight was 14 months. Age at the time of BMS was the best independent predictor of weight regain (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.04), but with a modest clinical effect. Conclusion. BMS is safe and shows long-term benefits in weight loss and control of comorbidities in Colombian population.
Sujets)
Humains , Obésité morbide , Gastroplastie , Comorbidité , Dérivation gastrique , Perte de poids , Chirurgie bariatriqueRésumé
Resumo Num cenário epidêmico ainda preocupante, a prevenção da Transmissão Vertical (TV) do HIV impõe problemas complexos, devido as vulnerabilidades individual, social e moral das mulheres vivendo com o vírus, somadas às fragilidades da rede de saúde. A partir de um caso emblemático, este estudo buscou compreender os desafios bioéticos do cuidado para a prevenção da TV do HIV no âmbito do Comitê de Porto Alegre/RS. Os eixos analíticos desenvolvidos refletem sobre como a produção do cuidado se articula, por um lado, com discursos e práticas relacionais pautadas no gênero e interseccionadas por raça e classe social e, por outro, com vulnerabilidades programáticas das políticas de saúde. Vislumbrou-se um processo de extrema estigmatização, em que as poucas ofertas para as mulheres cisgênero se dirigiam à regulação reprodutiva e perpetuavam dinâmicas de violência estrutural. Discute-se caminhos para a construção de um cuidado que incorpore a perspectiva decolonial e busque produzir equidade e justiça social ao reconhecer as trajetórias das mulheres.
Abstract In a still worrying epidemic scenario, the prevention of Vertical Transmission (VT) of HIV poses complex problems, due to the individual, social, and moral vulnerabilities of women living with the virus, in addition to the weaknesses of the health network. Based on an emblematic case, this study sought to understand the bioethical challenges of HIV VT prevention in the scope of the Porto Alegre/RS Committee. The analytical categories developed reflect on how the production of care is articulated, on the one hand, with relational discourses and practices based on gender and intersected by race and social class and, on the other, with programmatic vulnerabilities of health policies. A process of extreme stigmatization was revealed, in which the few offers for cisgender women were aimed toward reproductive regulation and perpetuated dynamics of structural violence. We discuss ways of building care that incorporates a decolonial perspective and seeks to produce equity and social justice by recognizing women's trajectories.
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Abstract Background: Arboviral diseases are a group of infectious diseases caused by viruses transmitted by arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. These diseases, such as those caused by the dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, have a significant impact worldwide. In this context, entomological surveillance plays a crucial role in the control and prevention of arboviruses by providing essential information on the presence, distribution, and activity of vector mosquitoes. Based on entomological surveillance, transovarian transmission provides information regarding the maintenance and dissemination of arboviruses. The objective of this study was to detect these arboviruses in Goiânia, Goiás, and analyze the occurrence of transovarian transmission. Methods: Aedes aegypti eggs were collected from different regions of Goiânia and cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions until the emergence of adult mosquitoes. Adult females were grouped into pools containing their heads and thoraxes. These pools were subsequently evaluated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Results: A total of 157 pools (N=1570) were analyzed, with two pools testing positive for CHIKV and one pool testing positive for ZIKV, indicating that the offspring resulting from transovarian transmission are potentially infectious. Conclusions: In summary, the demonstration of the vertical transmission mechanisms of CHIKV and ZIKV in A. aegypti serves as an alert to health authorities, as these diseases are still underreported, and their primary urban vector has likely acquired this capacity, contributing to the dissemination of these infections.
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ABSTRACT A 7-week-old male delivered by cesarean section presented with a positive serology for dengue along with preretinal and retinal hemorrhages, vitreous opacities and cotton wool spots. The patient and his mother had positive serologies for Non Structural Protein 1 (NS1) by ELISA. Retinal and vitreous findings improved over a sixteen-week period. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed preserved macular architecture. In this case report, we suggest that retinal and vitreous changes may be the ocular presenting features of vertically transmitted dengue in newborns, and that those findings may resolve with no major structural sequelae.
RESUMO Neonato de 7 semanas, do sexo masculino, nascido de parto cesárea, apresentou sorologia positiva para dengue com hemorragias retinianas e pré-retinianas, opacidades vítreas e manchas algodonosas. O paciente e sua mãe haviam apresentado sorologias positivas para Non Structural Protein 1 através de ELISA. Achados na retina e no vítreo melhoraram em um período de dezesseis semanas. O exame de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral demonstrou arquitetura macular preservada. Neste relato de caso, sugerimos que alterações na retina e no vítreo podem ser os achados oculares aparentes em neonatos com infecção vertical por dengue, e que estes podem se resolver sem maiores sequelas estruturais.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on stroke patients with lateropulsion. MethodsFrom February to October, 2023, 30 stroke patients with lateropulsion in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were divided into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15) randomly. The control group received routine rehabilitation and sham galvanic vestibular stimulation, and the experimental group received routine rehabilitation and true galvanic vestibular stimulation, for two weeks. They were assessed with Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), subjective visual vertical (SVV), Line Cancellation Test (LCT), Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and Barthel Index (BI) before and after treatment. ResultsAll the indexes improved in both groups after intervention (|t| > 2.461, Z > 3.000, P < 0.05), except the SVV orientation, SVV certainty and SCT in the control group; while the SCP, SVV certainty, LCT and FAC were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.189, Z = -2.862, P < 0.05), and the differences before and after intervention were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.382, P < 0.05), except LCT. SCP was correlated with SVV orientation, SVV certainty, SCT, BBS, BI and FAC (|r| > 0.381, P < 0.05). ConclusionGalvanic vestibular stimulation can improve the lateropulsion, balance, walking function and activities of daily living in stroke patients, which may be related to improvement for spatial cognitive function, especially vertical perception.
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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of subjective vertical perception impairment after stroke on visuospatial cognition, balance, walking and activities of daily living, to investigate the mediating role of visuospatial cognition and lateropulsion. MethodsFrom February to December, 2023, 96 stroke patients were selected from the Rehabilitation Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. They were divided into vertical perception impairment group (n = 53) and non-vertical perception impairment group (n = 43). They were assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS), Line Bisection Test (LBT), Line Cancellation Test (LCT), Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and Barthel Index (BI). ResultsScores of SVV orientation, SVV uncertainty, NIHSS, SCT, SCP, BLS, BBS, FAC and BI were worse in the vertical perception impairment group than in the non-vertical perception impairment group (|t| > 2.414, Z = -3.481, P < 0.05). Scores of SVV were correlated with SCT, BLS and BBS (|r| ≥ 0.273, P < 0.05). After controlling for age and gender, SVV orientation score did not directly impact BBS score (β = -0.011, P = 0.920). However, it exerted a partial mediating effect through BLS (effect = -0.173, 95%CI -0.278 to -0.076) and a chain-mediated effect through SCT and BLS (effect = -0.073, 95%CI -0.137 to -0.027), impacting BBS score. ConclusionSubjective vertical perception impairment results in poorer visuospatial cognition, balance, walking and activities of daily living in stroke patients. This influence on balance function is mediated through the mediating effects of visuospatial cognition and lateropulsion.
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@#The functional health and stability of the oral and maxillofacial system is one of the basic goals of orthodontic treatment. Currently, it is believed that, in general, the condyle is located in the center of the joint fossa when the mandible is in an intercuspal position (ICP) in healthy normal people. At this time, the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is stable. Due to orthodontic tooth movement and subsequent occlusal changes, patients with malocclusion may experience related remodeling of the temporomandibular joint, especially changes in the position of the condyle. The position of the mandibular condyle is traditionally evaluated using a condylar position indicator. However, this method lacks consistency in obtaining condylar position changes. In recent years, in the clinical application of orthodontic treatment, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become the first choice for examination. CBCT can accurately measure the interarticular space and determine changes in condylar position. This article reviews the CBCT assessment of condylar position and related research on condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion before and after orthodontic treatment. The literature review results indicate that there are differences in the condylar position of patients with different malocclusions, and the condylar position may also change before and after orthodontic treatment. With a lower radiation dose, CBCT has higher accuracy in evaluating the condylar position in patients with malocclusion who undergo orthodontic treatment, thus promoting further study of the mechanism of condylar position changes in patients with malocclusion in the future and providing more accurate and personalized guidance for patient treatment.
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Abstract Objective: To describe temporal trends in the detection rates of gestational and congenital syphilis, by maternal age and health macro-region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2021. Methods: This was a time-series study using surveillance data; the trend analysis was performed by means of joinpoint regression, and average annual percent change (AAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results: An increase in statewide detection of gestational syphilis (AAPC = 21.7; 95%CI 17.7; 32.8) and congenital syphilis (AAPC = 14.8; 95%CI 13.0; 19.7) was found; an increase was also found in the health macro-regions, with the Northwest (gestational, AAPC = 26.1; 95%CI 23.4; 31.6) and North (congenital, AAPC = 23.8; 95%CI 18.8; 48.9) macro-regions standing out; statewide rising trends were observed for young women [gestational, AAPC = 26.2 (95%CI 22.4; 40.6); congenital, AAPC = 19.4 (95%CI 17.6; 21.8)] and adult women [gestational, AAPC = 21.3 (95%CI 16.9; 31.9); congenital, AAPC = 13.7 (95%CI 11.9; 19.3)]. Conclusion: Maternal and child syphilis detection rates increased in the state, regardless of maternal age and health macro-region.
Resumen Objetivo: Describir las tendencias temporales en las tasas de detección de sífilis gestacional y congénita, por grupo de edad materna y macrorregión de salud de Paraná, 2007-2021. Métodos: Estudio de series temporales utilizando datos de vigilancia; se realizó análisis de tendencia mediante regresión segmentada, estimando cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (CPAP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Se identificaron aumentos en la detección estatal de sífilis gestacional (CPAP = 21,7; IC95% 17,7;32,8) y congénita (CPAP = 14,8; IC95% 13,0;19,7); las macrorregiones mostraron incrementos, destacándose la Noroeste (gestacional, CPAP = 26,1; IC95% 23,4;31,6) y la Norte (congénita, CPAP = 23,8; IC95% 18,8;48,9); las tendencias estatales fueron crecientes para mujeres jóvenes [gestacional, CPAP = 26,2 (IC95% 22,4;40,6); congénita, CPAP = 19,4 (IC95% 17,6;21,8)] y adultas [gestacional, CPAP = 21,3 (IC95% 16,9;31,9); congénita, CPAP = 13,7 (IC95% 11,9;19,3)]. Conclusión: Las tasas de detección de sífilis materno-infantil estuvieron en aumento en el estado, independientemente de la edad materna y la macrorregión de salud.
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever as tendências temporais nas taxas de detecção de sífilis gestacional e congênita, por faixa etária materna e macrorregião de saúde do Paraná, Brasil, 2007-2021. Métodos: Estudo de séries temporais, utilizando-se dados de vigilância; realizou-se análise de tendência por regressão segmentada, sendo estimadas variações percentuais anuais médias (VPAM) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Foram identificados acréscimos na detecção estadual de sífilis gestacional (VPAM = 21,7; IC95% 17,7;32,8) e congênita (VPAM = 14,8; IC95% 13,0;19,7); as macrorregiões de saúde registraram incrementos, destacando-se as macrorregiões Noroeste (gestacional, VPAM = 26,1; IC95% 23,4;31,6) e Norte (congênita, VPAM = 23,8; IC95% 18,8;48,9); as tendências estaduais foram crescentes para mulheres jovens [gestacional, VPAM = 26,2 (IC95% 22,4;40,6); congênita, VPAM = 19,4 (IC95% 17,6;21,8)] e mulheres adultas [gestacional, VPAM = 21,3 (IC95% 16,9;31,9); congênita, VPAM = 13,7 (IC95% 11,9;19,3)]. Conclusão: As taxas de detecção de sífilis materno-infantil foram ascendentes no estado, independentemente da idade materna e da macrorregião de saúde.
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Trypanosoma cruzi es el agente causal de la enfermedad de Chagas. En Paraguay se estima que existen 165.000 personas infectadas y actualmente la principal vía de transmisión es la congénita, con una prevalencia del 5% y con alrededor de 400 niños infectados nacidos por año. El departamento de Cordillera es área endémica de la Región Oriental del país, donde se implementó el Programa de Control Prenatal de Chagas en el año 1995. El objetivo de este estudio fue inferir sobre la potencial transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en jóvenes embarazadas de segunda generación de Cordillera que asistieron a su control prenatal en el período 2010-2012, 15 años después de la implementación del Programa de Control Prenatal. De 9.588 embarazadas; 482 fueron seropositivas (5%); 2,74% en el grupo de 12 a 19 años, 4,93% de 20 a 30 años, 8,03% de 31 a 40 años y 16,11% de 41 a 48 años. Para estimar el origen de la transmisión congénita de segunda generación se tuvo en cuenta a las 72 seropositivas de 12 a 19 años y según la base de datos de las respectivas madres 61 eran seropositivas. Con esta información se estima que la transmisión a embarazadas de segunda generación de 12 a 19 años fue congénita en un 85% indicando una transmisión congénita muy significativa en la población de estudio. Esta información ayudaría al Programa Nacional de Chagas en el fortalecimiento del control de la transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en el país.
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. In Paraguay, it is estimated that 165,000 people are infected and currently the main route of transmission is the congenital one, with a prevalence of 5% and about 400 infected children are born per year. The Department of Cordillera is an endemic area of the Eastern Region of the country, where the Chagas Prenatal Control Program was implemented in 1995. The aim of this study was to infer the potential congenital transmission of Chagas disease towards second generation pregnant women from the Department of Cordillera who attended their prenatal control in the period 2010-2012, 15 years after the implementation of the Prenatal Control Program. Of 9,588 pregnant women; 482 were seropositive (5%); 2.74% in the group aged 12 to 19 years, 4.93% aged 20 to 30 years, 8.03% aged 31 to 40 years, and 16.11% aged 41 to 48 years. To estimate the origin of second generation congenital transmission, the 72 seropositive women aged 12 to 19 years were taken into account and according to the database of their respective mothers, 61 mothers of the 72 were seropositive. With this información, it can be estimated that 85% of the transmission to second generation pregnant women aged 12 to 19 years was congenital showing a very significant congenital transmission in the study population. This information could help the National Chagas Program in strengthening the control of congenital transmission of Chagas disease in the country.
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ABSTRACT Maternal and child health remains an enduring global challenge, having occupied a prominent position on international agendas since the dawn of the 21st century. During pregnancy, syphilis emerges as the second most prevalent cause of stillbirth on a global scale, potentially leading to a range of adverse outcomes. This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of gestational and congenital syphilis and the hospital care provided for newborns in Campo Grande municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, from 2013 to 2018. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (SINAN) and hospital medical records. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the associations and relationships between the child's clinical outcome at birth and the mother's clinical-obstetric and epidemiological characteristics. Cumulative detection rate of gestational syphilis was 174.3 cases per 1,000 live births and cumulative incidence of congenital syphilis was 47.7 cases per 1,000 live births. Alcoholism, prenatal care, number of prenatal visits, maternal treatment regimen, and timing of maternal diagnosis were associated with child's clinical outcome at birth and considered in the regression model. Prenatal visits showed a protective effect against the signs and symptoms of congenital syphilis (odds ratio = 0.37; 95% confidence interval = 0.17−0.77). Medical assistance was considered inadequate in 62.3% of cases. Prenatal consultations should be encouraged among pregnant women. There is a need for better education of health personnel on the treatment and diagnosis of syphilis.
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Introduction: sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a boom in the number of adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV). Existing HIV intervention programs are mainly for children and adults living with HIV, with little attention paid to AYALHIV. Characterizing this population is necessary for planning, and designing, AYALHIV-centered HIV intervention programs. Methods: a retrospective single-center, hospital-based chart review was conducted at the largest HIV clinic in Ghana. We examined routinely collected data for AYALHIV (aged 10-24 years) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 1 year and in active care from 1st January to 31st December 2019. Data was collected using a structured data extraction form. The Chi-square and the Student´s t-test were used to compare characteristics between adolescents and young adults. Results: of 252 AYALHIV, 68% (172/252) were adolescents with a median age of 17 years (IQR 13-19); 32% were young adults with a median age of 22 years (IQR: 20-24). Most (56.7% (143/252)) AYALHIV were female. Almost 40% were orphans. Eighty-six percent of AYALHIV had HIV type I infection. The commonest mode of HIV acquisition among adolescents was vertical transmission (70.5%) and that among young adults was via unprotected sex (31.3%). 88% of AYALHIV were on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based regimen. The viral suppression rate among AYALHIV was 78%. Conclusion: the study shows there is a growing population of AYALHIV most of which are adolescents. About two-fifths were orphans. Policymakers and HIV programs should ensure AYALHIV-centred interventions are developed for this vulnerable population.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Adolescent , Thérapie antirétrovirale hautement active , Profil de Santé , Infections à VIH , Adolescent , Jeune adulteRésumé
Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.
Résumé
Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.
Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.
Sujets)
Humains , Animaux , Aphides , Malpighiales , Arbres , Écosystème , InsectesRésumé
Introducción: El estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia presentan estrecha relación con el rendimiento deportivo. En atletismo, contar con un control exhaustivo del entrenamiento físico y mental supone asentar las bases del máximo rendimiento, siendo el salto vertical un excelente elemento de control. Sin embargo, su relación con los aspectos psicológicos durante los entrenamientos se ha divulgado poco en la literatura. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre el perfil de estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia durante saltos verticales en deportistas juveniles de la preselección nacional cubana de atletismo. Método: Se evaluó el estado de ánimo y la autoeficacia antes de ejecutar un salto con contra movimiento (CMJ), presentándose el valor de 40 cm como elemento de máximo rendimiento en atletas de élite. Resultados: Se encontró correlación significativa entre el factor ansiedad del POMS y variables del CMJ. Además, se encontró correlación negativa entre la autoeficacia y la ansiedad, aunque no significativa (p > .05). Conclusiones: Los deportistas con un estado de ánimo de puntuación media de ansiedad, aunque no sobreelevada (puntaje 2 sobre 4) antes de la ejecución de saltos verticales, obtuvieron mejores resultados de CMJ, consiguiendo un mayor rendimiento tanto en la altura de salto, como en la velocidad, fuerza y potencia del salto. Sin embargo, no se hallaron correlaciones significativas entre la autoeficacia y el estado de ánimo, ni con variables de salto.
Introduction: Both mood and self-efficacy seem to be components closely related to the athlete's performance. In athletics, to have an exhaustive control of training from the physical and mental point of view is to lay the foundations for sporting success. Exercises such as the vertical jump are an excellent element of control of athletic performance. However, their relationship with psychological aspects during training has been little reported in the literature. Our objective was to analyze the relationship between the mood profile and self-efficacy during vertical jumps in youth athletes of the Cuban national preselection of athletics. Method: Mood and self-efficacy were evaluated before executing a countermovement jump (CMJ), presenting the 40-cm value as the element of maximum success in elite athletes. Results: A significant correlation was found between anxiogenic mood and vertical jump variables. In addition, a negative correlation was found between self-efficacy and anxiety, although not significant (p > .05). Conclusions: Athletes with a medium anxiety score mood although not overelevated (score 2 out of 4) before the execution of vertical jumps obtained better CMJ results, achieving higher performance in both jump height, speed, strength and power of the jump. However, no significant correlations were found between self-efficacy and mood, nor with the jumping variables.
Résumé
The objective was to identify the conditions of birth of children of women living with HIV in the period between 2009 and 2019, at the Regional Maternal and Child Hospital of Imperatriz (MA). Cross-sectional, quantitative, documentary study, with descriptive analysis of the data and carried out in a reference maternity hospital between August 2020 and July 2021. Information from the medical records of HIV-positive pregnant women and their newborn children was included. The results collected 314 medical records, of which 195 were eligible. Regarding the birth conditions of the newborns, in 56.41% the rapid test was negative; 72.82% used post-birth prophylaxis; 75.38% did not receive breast milk; 68.2% received vaccines at birth; 40.51% did not use any medication. 20.51% of the mothers were between 36 and 40 years old; 59.48% did not live in the municipality surveyed; 23.6% were housewives; 65.64 were multipara women; 46.15% were diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy; 67.17% had no coinfections; 82.05% underwent prenatal care; 60.51% used intrapartum prophylaxis; and 77.43% underwent cesarean section. The prenatal and childbirth follow-up of most of these women living with HIV reflected positively on the conditions of birth of their children, being an important strategy, aiming at the non-vertical transmission and prevention of the disease in children (AU).
Objetivou-se identificar as condições de nascimento de filhos de mulheres vivendo com HIV no período compreendido entre 2009 e 2019, no Hospital Regional Materno Infantil de Imperatriz (MA). Estudo transversal, quantitativo, documental, com análise descritiva dos dados e realizado em maternidade de referência entre os meses de agosto de 2020 e julho de 2021. Incluíram-se informações dos prontuários das gestantes soropositivas para HIV e de seus filhos recém-nascidos. Os resultados levantaram 314 prontuários, destes, 195 eram elegíveis. Sobre as condições de nascimento dos recém-nascidos, em 56,41% o teste rápido foi negativo; 72,82% usaram profilaxia pós-nascimento; 75,38% não receberam leite materno; 68,2% receberam vacinas logo ao nascer; 40,51% não faziam uso de nenhuma medicação; 20,51% das mães tinham entre 36 a 40 anos; 59,48% não residiam no município pesquisado; 23,6% eram donas de casa; 65,64 eram multigestas; 46,15% receberam o diagnóstico de HIV na gestação; 67,17% não tinham coinfecções; 82,05% realizaram o pré-natal; 60,51% fizeram uso da profilaxia intraparto; e 77,43% fizeram cesariana. O acompanhamento no pré-natal e parto da maioria dessas mulheres vivendo com HIV refletiu positivamente nas condições de nascimento de seus filhos, sendo uma importante estratégia, visando a não transmissão vertical e prevenção da doença nas crianças (AU).
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Nouveau-né , Sérodiagnostic du SIDA , Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuseRésumé
Introducción. La cirugía bariátrica es una estrategia válida de tratamiento en obesidad severa. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reducción de peso y la resolución de comorbilidades comparando dos técnicas quirúrgicas, baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y manga gástrica. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo de tipo analítico que incluyó pacientes con obesidad grados II y III. Se analizaron variables demográficas y perioperatorias, y las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. La reducción del peso se evaluó con el porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado, usando medianas, rangos intercuartílicos, frecuencias y proporciones. Se usaron las pruebas de U de Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado para el análisis de grupos. Un valor de p<0,05 fue considerado estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 201 pacientes. La mediana del porcentaje de pérdida del exceso de peso a 18 meses fue de 77,4 % para el grupo de baipás gástrico en Y de Roux vs 69,5 % para el grupo de manga gástrica (p=0,14). La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron resolución o mejoría de la hipertensión arterial (76 %), diabetes mellitus (80 %), dislipidemia (73 %), apnea del sueño (79 %) y artropatías (94 %), sin diferencia significativa según la técnica quirúrgica empleada. La tasa de complicaciones mayores fue del 1,9 %. No se presentó mortalidad. La mediana de seguimiento fue 28 meses. Conclusión. El baipás gástrico en Y de Roux y la manga gástrica son procedimientos muy seguros y efectivos para la reducción del exceso de peso y la resolución de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad
Introduction. Bariatric surgery is a valid strategy of treatment for severe obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate weight loss and resolution of comorbidities comparing two procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Methods. Descriptive study of analytical type that included patients with obesity grades II and III. Demographic and perioperative variables were analyzed. The weight reduction was evaluated among others with the percentage of excess of body weight loss. Comorbidities associated with obesity were also analyzed. A univariate descriptive analysis was performed, using medians, interquartile ranges, frequencies, and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi squared tests were used for analysis of groups. A value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Median follow-up was 28 months. Results. A total of 201 patients were included in the analysis. The median percentage of excess of body weight loss at 18 months was 77.4% for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group vs 69.5% for sleeve gastrectomy group (p=0.14). The majority of patients presented resolution or improvement of hypertension (76%), diabetes mellitus (80%), dyslipidemia (73%), sleep apnea (79%), and arthropathy (94%), without significant differences according to the surgical technique used. Major complication rate was 1.9%. There was not mortality. The median follow-up was 28 months. Conclusion. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy are both very safe and effective procedures for excess weight reduction and resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity
Sujets)
Humains , Dérivation gastrique , Chirurgie bariatrique , Obésité morbide , Gastroplastie , Perte de poids , ComorbiditéRésumé
SUMMARY: The aim of the article is to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and jumping abilities between female volleyball players who play for different national teams. The sample consists of 48 elite female volleyball players from four different national teams which participated in European championship qualifications. The variables studied were: body height, mass, body mass index, standing reach and spike reach. The results show differences in body mass index, standing reach and spike reach. These differences are related to the needs of the different positions with regard to the actions they execute. In conclusion morphological parameters are important components of performance in many sports (volleyball). Different sports disciplines require different body parameters and body structure for maximum performance.
El objetivo del artículo fue determinar las diferencias en las características morfológicas y habilidades de salto entre las jugadoras de voleibol que juegan en diferentes selecciones nacionales. La muestra consta de 48 jugadoras de voleibol de élite de cuatro equipos nacionales diferentes que participaron en las clasificaciones del campeonato europeo. Las variables estudiadas fueron: altura corporal, masa, índice de masa corporal, alcance de pie y alcance de remate. Los resultados muestran diferencias en el índice de masa corporal, el alcance de pie y el alcance de punta. Estas diferencias están relacionadas con las necesidades de los distintos cargos en cuanto a las acciones que ejecutan. En conclusión, los parámetros morfológicos son componentes importantes del rendimiento en muchos deportes (voleibol). Las diferentes disciplinas deportivas requieren diferentes parámetros corporales y estructuras corporales para un rendimiento máximo.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Adolescent , Anthropométrie , Volleyball , Taille , Indice de masse corporelle , Performance sportiveRésumé
ntroducción: Las infecciones perinatales pueden transmi-tirse al feto y al recién nacido. Sífilis, VIH y hepatitis B deben tamizarse durante la gestación.Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia, prevalencia y manejo de sífilis, VIH y hepatitis B en el binomio madre/hijo. Comparar resultados con estadísticas oficiales.Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico, mediante revisión de historias clínicas del Sana-torio de la Cañada y Hospital Pasteur, Villa María, Córdoba. Período 01/12/2020 al 31/07/2021. Resultados: Se estudiaron 870 embarazos, la incidencia de sífilis materna fue 52,87/1000 embarazos, 76,1% de las gestantes eran menores de 30 años y hubo 41% de diag-nósticos tardíos. La incidencia de sífilis congénita fue de 18,3/1000 RN vivos. La incidencia de VIH materno fue de 6,89/1000 embarazos, 66,7% tenían menos de 30 años y el 77,7% tuvo carga viral indetectable al parto. El 100% de los RN expuestos fueron estudiados, todos con carga viral indetectable al nacimien-to. No hubo casos de hepatitis B.Conclusión: 6,3% de las embarazadas presentaron al me-nos una serología reactiva y el mayor porcentaje diagnós-tico se centró en menores de 30 años. La incidencia de sífilis congénita superó la provincial y nacional (18,3 vs. 1,18 vs. 1,14). El porcentaje de positividad de VIH materno superó al provincial. No hubo transmisión vertical de VIH al nacimiento. La prevalencia de hepatitis B fue menor a las oficiales
Introduction: Perinatal infections can be transmitted to the fetus and new-born. Syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis B must be monitored during pregnancy.Objective: To know incidence, prevalence and management of syphilis, HIV and Hepatitis B in the mother/child binomial. To compare results with official statistics.Materials and methods: Retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, through the review of medical records from Sanatorio La Cañada and Hospital Pasteur in Villa Maria, Cordoba. Period 12/01/2020 to 07/31/2021.Results 870 pregnancies were studied, the incidence of maternal syphilis was 57.87/1000 pregnancies, 76.1% of pregnant women were under 30 years old, and there were 41% late diagnoses. The incidence of congenital syphilis was 18.3/1000 live newborns. The incidence of maternal HIV was 6.89/1000 pregnancies, 66.7% were women under 30 years old and 77.7% had undetectable viral load at birth. 100% of the exposed newborns were studied, all with undetectable viral load at birth. There were no cases of Hepatitis B.Conclusion: 6.3% of pregnant women presented at least one reactive serology and the highest diagnostic percentage was focused on those under 30 years old. The incidence of congenital syphilis exceeded the provincial and national data (18.3 vs 1.18 vs 1.14). The percentage of maternal HIV positivity was superior to the provincial one. There was no vertical transmission of HIV at birth. The prevalence of Hepatitis B was less than the official ones.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Syphilis congénitale/thérapie , Prévalence , VIH (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine)/immunologie , Transmission verticale de maladie infectieuse , Hépatite B/thérapieRésumé
As próteses parciais removíveis (PPRs) são uma alternativa de tratamento viável na prática clínica para reabilitar arcos parcialmente desdentados. Entretanto, o planejamento dessas próteses e preparo bucal prévio são frequentemente negligenciados. O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar o caso clínico de uma reabilitação oral com PPRs superior e inferior após abordagem multidisciplinar, de modo a enfatizar as fases de um planejamento criterioso e de preparo prévio dos dentes pilares, visando o sucesso e a longevidade da reabilitação. Paciente do sexo masculino de 57 anos de idade compareceu à clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, queixando-se da estética de seu sorriso e de algumas ausências dentárias. O indivíduo utilizava uma PPR provisória inferior insatisfatória e apresentava perda de dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO). Após o exame clínico, radiográfico e estudo do caso em articulador semi-ajustável, realizou-se o planejamento com abordagens restauradoras, endodônticas, periodontais e protéticas. Após tratamento periodontal, foi realizada endodontia dos elementos 12, 15 e 47, confecção de núcleos e coroas nos dentes 12 e 15, restauração a nível gengival para apoio residual no dente 47, restaurações nos dentes 11, 13, 22, 24 e 44 e, por fim, a confecção das PPRs superior e inferior. A abordagem multidisciplinar utilizada neste caso clínico viabilizou o restabelecimento da DVO e possibilitou o sucesso da reabilitação protética(AU)
Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are a viable treatment alternative in clinical practice to rehabilitate partially edentulous arches. However, the planning of these dentures and prior oral preparation are often neglected. This article aims to report the clinical case of an oral rehabilitation with upper and lower RPDs after a multidisciplinary approach, to emphasize the phases of careful planning and prior preparation of the abutment teeth, aiming at the success and longevity of the rehabilitation. A 57-year-old male patient came to the clinic of the Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, complaining about the esthetics of his smile and some missing teeth. The subject was using an unsatisfactory lower provisional prosthesis and had a loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (OVD). After the clinical and radiographic examination and the case study in a semi-adjustable articulator, planning was carried out with restorative, endodontic, periodontal and prosthetic approaches. After periodontal treatment, endodontics were performed on elements 12, 15 and 47, creation of cores and crowns on teeth 12 and 15, restoration at the gingival level for residual support on tooth 47, restorations on teeth 11, 13, 22, 24 and 44 and, finally, the making of the upper and lower PPRs. The multidisciplinary approach used in this clinical case enabled the restoration of the OVD and enabled the success of the oral rehabilitation(AU)