Phenylethyl Resorcinol Loaded in Liposomal Cream Formulation for Cosmeceutical Application

Phenylethyl Resorcinol (PR)is a cosmeceutical skin lightening agent and the purpose of this study was to enhance its stability by using liposomal cream formulation which increases local efficacy and safety.Liposome formulation was prepared by modified ethanol injection method, and it contained soy phosphatidyl choline (SPC), cholesterol (CHO), Tween 80 (TW80) and deoxycholic acid (DA) mixed with 2% PR. The physicochemical properties, skin permeation as well as cellular study were evaluated in order to obtain the optimized formulation. The optimized liposome formulation composed of SPC:TW80:DA (84:16:2.5)and exhibited vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of 286.4±8.04 nm, 0.317±0.03 and -39.20±3.85 mV, respectively. Entrapment efficiency (EE) of liposome formulation was 93.55±0.05%. The vesicle was spherical in shape and showed good physicochemical stability for 4 months. The skin permeation study demonstrated that liposome with a negative charge could result in a high PR skin deposition value of 1732.76±216.24 μg/cm2after 24 h. Cellular study showed that liposome formulation could inhibit melanin content in B16 melanoma cells and enhance cell viability in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. The optimized PR liposome was incorporated in cream and investigated physicochemical properties, stability and skin permeation.Liposomal PR cream showed a good stability and a superior result than PR cream in skin permeation parameters, as well as in tyrosinase inhibition

Recent trends in niosome as vesicular drug delivery system.

Over decades researchers are striving to use the drugs in an efficient manner to treat various diseases. The efficient use can be explained as reduced dose, reduced side effects, reduced dosage frequency, greater patient compliance and maximum concentration of the drug at the site of action so as to reduce the undue exposure to the entire body. The article focuses on various advantages of vesicular systems (niosomes) to develop the effective delivery system to achieve maximum effective concentration. Niosomes, nonionic surfactant vesicles with lamellar structure which may be unilamellar and multilamellar serve to be efficient in providing these required advantages. The bilayer structure of niosomes being amphiphillic in nature can be used to deliver hydrophilic drugs in its aqueous core and lipophilic drugs in the bilayer made up of surfactants. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. This article also comprises of various breakthroughs in niosomal delivery of drugs representing various classes. On the basis of above information, the niosomes have been thoroughly exploited for the drug delivery system and still offer scope for research on various drugs for their maximum therapeutic utilization in management and treatment of various dreadful diseases.

Novel vesicular system: An overview.

Novel drug delivery attempts to either sustain drug action at a predetermined rate, or by maintaining a relatively constant, effective drug level in the body with concomitant minimization of undesirable side effects. The vesicular systems are highly ordered assemblies of one or several concentric lipid bilayer formed, when certain amphiphillic building blocks are confronted with water. The vesicular system such as liposomes, niosomes, sphingosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes and pharmacosomes are used to improve the therapeutic index of both existing and new drug molecules by encapsulating an active medicament inside vesicular structure in one such system. It prolongs the existence of the drug in systemic circulation and finally reduces the toxicity. Such different systems are widely used in gene delivery, tumor targeting, oral formulations, in stability and permeability problems of drugs. Now a days vesicle as a carrier system have become the vehicle of choice in drug delivery and lipid vesicles were found to be of value in immunology, membrane biology and diagnostic technique and most recently in genetic engineering.