Correlationship between visuosaptial ability and air traffic management ability / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between visuospatial abilities of the students ma-jor in air traffic management and their performances,and then provide theories of their vocational classified. Methods 104 healthy male college students were tested by the cognitive laterality battery (CLB),which included visuospatial tests and verbal-sequential tests.At the same time,their performances assessed by air traffic management stimulators.Results Subjects with higher scores achieved by operating on air traffic management stimulators have higher visuospatial abilities,which was confirmed by the visual spatial scores (A) ((0.183±0.094) vs (0.060±0.338), t=41.57, P=0.000) and cognitive laterality quotient (CLQ) ((0.087±0.108) vs (-0.096±0.101), t=43.14, P=0.000)).However,compared with others in lower scores group,their scores on the phonological tests (P) reduced ((0.096±0.081) vs (0.157±0.092), t=6.81, P=0.012) ) .Moreover,there were the significant positive correlation between their performance on air traffic management stimulators and A ( r=0.749, P<0.01) ,CLQ ( r=0.663, P<0.01) ,cognitive performance quotient (CPQ) ( r=0.394, P<0.01).Conclusion For air traffic management occupation,the higher visual spatial abilities were the base of having the higher performance.Thus the visuospatial abilities may be as a good index of selecting and vocational classified for air traffic management students.

Endogenous testosterone levels and visuospatial ability / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

To describe the effects of endogenous testosterone levels on the visuospatial ability.Thevisuospatial ability,testosteronewere included as the key words,retrieving 46 papers in the database.35 relevant papers have been reviewed in the paper,as the results,we have found that the visuospatial ability of male was better than female.The performances of the visuospatial tasks in males were associated with the lev-els of endogenous testosterone,and the effects comprised two aspects:the organizational function and activa-tional function of the testosterone.The latter have received more attention from researchers.Until now,most studies of activational effects of testosterone on visuospatial ability remained on the level of behavioral re-search.The mental rotation task,navigation task and virtual reality scenes tasks were implied in these stud-ies.A nonlinear relationship has aroused a great controversy.Latest research suggests that further investiga-tion of the neural mechanisms related to visual-spatial ability is needed,using ERP and MRI techniques,to assess the relationship of endogenous testosterone levels with the relevant neural basis of visuospatial ability.

Diferenças de sexo em uma habilidade cognitiva específica e na produção científica / Sex differences in a specific cognitive ability and scientific production / Diferencias sexuales en una habilidade cognitiva especifica y en produccion científica

O presente estudo visou investigar dois aspectos relacionados às diferenças de sexo: o desempenho de universitários no teste Matrizes Progressivas de Raven-Escala Avançada e a análise da autoria por sexos de artigos publicados em revistas de impacto. Para tanto, avaliou-se o desempenho de 547 estudantes de diferentes cursos universitários e contabilizou-se a autoria principal de 12.797 artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais no período de 2000 a 2010. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas a favor do sexo masculino no teste Raven para a amostra geral e para os cursos de Engenharia, Medicina e Psicologia. Na análise da produtividade científica, constatou-se predominância de autoria principal do sexo masculino para três áreas do conhecimento (Humanas, Biológicas e Exatas). Os resultados sugeriram diferenças na especialização cognitiva entre os sexos, que podem ser expressas tanto nas habilidades de raciocínio visuoespacial quanto na produção científica...

Two aspects related to sex differences were investigated in the present study: the performance of university students in the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test and the analysis of articles published, according to sex, in major scientific journals. 547 students from different university courses were assessed and, the authorship of 12797 scientific articles published in national and international journals during the period 2000 and 2010 was accounted. Significant differences in favor of male in the Raven's Test for the overall sample as well as for Engineering, Medicine and Psychology courses were found. In addition, there was a predominantly male first authorship in three areas of knowledge (Humanities, Biological and Exact). The findings suggested cognitive specialization differences between sexes, which may be expressed into visuospacial reasoning skills, and scientific production...

El estudio que se presenta tuvo como objetivo investigar dos aspectos de las diferencias entre los sexos: el desempeño de estudiantes de universidades en las Matrizes Progresivas de Raven, escala avanzada, y la autoria por sexo en la producción científica publicada en revistas de impacto. Se evaluó el desempeño de 547 estudiantes de diferentes carreras universitarias, y se contabilizó el autor principal de 12.797 artículos científicos publicados en revistas nacionales e internacionales en el período 2000-2010. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas a favor de los hombres en el test Raven para la muestra total y para los cursos de Ingeniería, Medicina y Psicología. En el análisis de la productividad científica, hubo predominio de la autoría principal masculina en tres áreas de conocimiento (Humanidades, Biológica y Exactas). Los resultados sugieren diferencias en la especialización cognitiva entre los sexos, que pueden se reflejar en las habilidades visuo-espaciales y en la producción científica...

Different Patterns of Emotional Eating and Visuospatial Deficits Whereas Shared Risk Factors Related with Social Support between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

OBJECTIVE: Although it is thought that eating disorders result from the interplay of personal and sociocultural factors, a comprehensive model of eating disorders remains to be established. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the childhood factors and deficit in visuoperceptual ability contribute to eating disorders. METHODS: A total of 76 participants - 22 women with anorexia nervosa (AN), 28 women with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 26 healthy women of comparable age, IQ, and years of education - were examined. Neuropsychological tasks were applied to measure the visuoperceptual deficits, viz. the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test and the group embedded figures test (GEFT). A questionnaire designed to obtain retrospective assessments of the childhood risk factors was administered to the participants. RESULTS: The women with both AN and BN were less likely to report having supportive figures in their childhood and poor copy accuracy in the Rey-Osterrieth test. The women with AN were more likely to report premorbid anxiety, childhood emotional undereating and showed poor performances in the GEFT. In the final model, the factors independently contributing to the case status were less social support in childhood as a common factor for both AN and BN, and childhood emotional undereating and poor ability in the low-level visuospatial processing for AN. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the disturbance in the food-emotion relationship and the deficit in low-level visuospatial processing in people with AN. Lower social support appears to contribute to an increase in vulnerability to both AN and BN.