Comparison of two types of disinfectants on the disinfection of the fixed end of the table suction pipe in the oral comprehensive treatment table / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the disinfection effects of 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant applied to the threaded plastic hose at the fixed end of the saliva suction pipe of the oral comprehensive treatment table after diagnosis and treatment of patients in stomatology to provide a basis for clinical cleaning and disinfection.@* Methods @#The fixed ends of saliva suction pipes of 12 comprehensive treatment tables in the dental pulp department and maxillofacial surgery were selected as the research objects. The absorption was randomly divided into two groups and a control group: experimental group 1 with 500 mg/L chlorine disinfectants and experiment 2 group with 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant rinse disinfection and the control group with 0.9% sterile saline flushing pipe once a week for four weeks. Before and after washing and disinfection, samples from the inner wall of the threaded plastic hose interface were collected for bacterial culture and colony count, and colony counts within and between groups were compared before and after disinfection. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software.@*Results@#The baseline number of bacterial colonies in the first three groups was balanced, with no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.538, P = 0.764). The number of bacterial colonies after washing and disinfection was lower than that before washing and disinfection. The difference between 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant before and after disinfection was highly significant (Z = -4.801, P<0.001; Z = -4.429, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the disinfection effect of 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant, but they were both better than the control group (χ2 = 18.070, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Disinfecting the saliva suction pipe with disinfectant between diagnosis and treatment can effectively reduce the bacterial contamination at the fixed end threaded plastic hose interface of the saliva suction pipe. The disinfection method is simple and convenient, and it is worth applying in the oral clinic.

The microbiological quality of water from dental unit waterlines in Malaysian Armed Forces dental centres

Water quality in the dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is important to the patients and dental health care personnel as they are at risk of being infected with opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas or Legionella species. In this study, a total of 86 samples were collected from DUWLs of 19 dental units in 11 Malaysian Armed Forces dental centres (MAFDC). 350 ml water sample was collected in sterile thiosulphite bags from the outlets of 3–way syringe, high speed handpiece, scaler, cup filler, independent water reservoir or the tap of the same surgery respectively. Samples were transported to the laboratory within 24 hours and kept in the refrigerator at 40C. 100ml of each sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm polycarbonate membrane filter. The filter was then inoculated onto plate count agar and incubated at 370 C for 24 hours, after which the formed colonies were enumerated. Another separate 100ml of water sample was poured onto buffered charcoal yeast extract agar and cetrimide agar to culture Legionnella and Pseudomonas respectively. Identification of these bacteria were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 9.5% of the samples but Legionnella was not detected in any of the samples. 77% of the samples met American Dental Association (ADA) recommendation of less than 200 cfu/ml. The result of this study showed that it is difficult if not impossible to eliminate biofilm from the DUWLs. Regular monitor of water quality from DUWL is required to maximise the health of the dental patients and dental health care personnel.

Contaminación microbiana en las líneas de agua de las unidades odontológicas / Microbial contamination in the water lines of dental inits

Los microorganismos son responsables de múltiples patologías e infecciones. De esta manera, es fundamental controlar la microbiota que se encuentra en el agua que sale de la jeringa triple y que es usada para la irrigación en diferentes procedimientos odontológicos como en cirugía, periodoncia, endodoncia, entre otros, para producir el éxito a largo plazo. El objetivo de éste estudio fue identificar las especies microbianas (bacterianas y micóticas) cultivables, presentes en las líneas de agua de las unidades odontológicas en una clínica privada en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Se evaluaron por conveniencia y al azar 11 unidades odontológicas de 89, de cada una se recolectó una muestra de agua de 500 ml expulsada por la jeringa triple. El análisis consistió en búsqueda de coliformes totales y recuento de microorganismos cultivables como también recuento de hongos filamentosos y levaduras. El recuento de microorganismos mesófilos osciló entre 40 UFC y más de 200 UFC. Se aislaron microorganismos como Aeromona Salmonicida, Actinobacilus sp y Speudomona maltophil. No se encontraron coliformes totales ni fecales. La alta contaminación indica formación de una biopelícula madura, pero la ausencia de coliformes totales y fecales señala que el agua está bien tratada, pero en algún sitio de la línea de agua hay formación de biopelículas.

Microorganisms are responsible for multiple infections and pathologies; this is why it is important to control microbes that can be found in the triple syringe used for irrigation in different dental procedures. The aim of this study was to identify cultivable species of microbes (fungus and bacteria) found in some dental units water lines of a private dental clinic from Medellín, Colombia. Random samples were taken from 11 chairs from a total of 89; a sample of water of 500ml was collected from the triple syringe of each selected chair. The study aim to search for the presence of total coliforms, filamentous fungi and leavened. The average presence of microorganisms was between 40CFU and more of 200 CFU. Microorganisms such as Aeromona salmonicida, Actinobacilus sp and Pseudomona maltophil were isolated. No total coliforms neither fecal coliforms were found. The high levels of contamination suggest that there is a mature biofilm in somewhere of the dental unit water line, but the absence of total and fecalis coliforms suggest that the water had been treated.

Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from dental office environments and units in Barretos, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs / Isolamento de cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa provenientes do meio ambiente e de equipos dentarios em clinicas dentarias em Barretos, São Paulo, Brasil; analises da susceptibilidade das cepas a drogas antimicrobianas

A wide variety of opportunistic pathogens has been detected in the tubing supplying water to odontological equipment, in special in the biofilm lining of these tubes. Among these pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, is frequently found in water lines supplying dental units. In the present work, 160 samples of water, and 200 fomite samples from forty dental units were collected in the city of Barretos, State of São Paulo, Brazil and evaluated between January and July, 2005. Seventy-six P. aeruginosa strains, isolated from the dental environment (5 strains) and water system (71 strains), were tested for susceptibility to six antimicrobial drugs most frequently used against P. aeruginosa infections. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, followed by meropenem was the predominant profile. The need for effective means of reducing the microbial burden within dental unit water lines is emphasized, and the risk of exposure and cross-infection in dental practice, in special when caused by opportunistic pathogens like P. aeruginosa, are highlighted.

Uma ampla variedade de patógenos oportunistas tem sido detectadas nos tubos de alimentação de água dos equipos odontológicos, particularmente no biofilme formado na superfície do tubo. Entre os patógenos oportunistas encontrados nos tubos de água, Pseudomonas aeruginosa é reconhecida como uma das principais causadoras de infecções nosocomiais. Foram coletadas 160 amostras de água e 200 amostras de fomites em quarenta clinicas odontológicas na cidade de Barretos, São Paulo, Brasil, durante o período de Janeiro a Julho de 2005. Setenta e seis cepas de P. aeruginosa, isoladas a partir dos fomites (5 cepas) e das amostras de água (71 cepas), foram analisadas quanto à susceptibilidade à seis drogas antimicrobianas freqüentemente utilizadas para o tratamento de infecções provocadas por P. aeruginosa. As principais suscetibilidades observadas foram para a ciprofloxacina, seguida pelo meropenem. A necessidade de um mecanismo efetivo para reduzir a contaminação bacteriana dentro dos tubos de alimentação de água dos equipos odontológicos foi enfatizada, e o risco da exposição ocupacional e infecção cruzada na prática odontológica, em especial quando causada por patógenos oportunistas como a P. aeruginosa foi realçado.