Résumé
【Objective】 To investigate the confirmatory status of HIV-1 antibody detection and Western blot (WB) test among voluntary blood donors in Wuhu, and to explore the strategies and methods to further ensure blood quality and safety. 【Methods】 Blood samples were preliminarily screened by ELISA and NAT, and the reactive samples were sent to Wuhu CDC for further WB test of HIV-1 antibody. The confirmation results of HIV-1 antibodies of voluntary blood donors in Wuhu in the past 10 years were retrospectively collected. The characteristics of WB bands of positive samples were analyzed, and the demographic characteristics of HIV-infected voluntary blood donors were sorted out. 【Results】 A total of 354 864 blood samples from voluntary blood donors in Wuhu during January 2011 to May 2021 were investigated, among which 42 were confirmed HIV positive (HIV-1 antibody positive in 41, and solo HIV-RNA reactive in 1), with a total HIV positive rate of 11.8/100 000(42/354 864). Statistical differences were found in gender [males 97.6% (41/42) vs females 2.4% (1/42)], marital status [unmarried 17.3/100 000 vs married 8.0/100 000] and occupation [staff/workers 37.5/100 000 vs students11.4/100 000 vs others 7.7/100 000]. Among the positive samples, the yield rate of WB bands gp160 was 100% (41/41), both gp41 and p24 were 97.6% (40/41),, and p55 was the lowest 46.3% (19/41). P51 and P66 presented the highest yield consistency (Kappa=1.000, P5 000 cps/mL by viral load (VL) testing, indicating HIV window period infection. 【Conclusion】 HIV infection statistically affected male donors more than females in Wuhu area, and most were early infection that revealed by WB band analysis. NAT plays an important role in the detection and confirmation of HIV infection during the window period, and is essential for blood safety.
Résumé
【Objective】 To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of HIV among voluntary blood donors in our hospital, so as to provide help for the formulation of effective coping strategies for voluntary blood donation, reduce the incidence of blood transmitted diseases, and improve blood safety. 【Methods】 HIV infection and population characteristics of voluntary blood donors in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 330 000 blood donations occurred during 2010 to 2019, and 1 024 HIV-infected blood donors were screened out, with a positive rate of 0.31%. The detection rate was the highest in 2016, with 158 cases infected(158/35 889, 0.44%), followed by 151 in 2015(151/37 586, 0.40%), and 42 in 2010(42/20 824, 0.20%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=88.754, P<0.001). Among the 1 024 HIV-infected patients, 876 were males and 148 females, with a gender ratio close to 6∶1. The majority were aged between 18~35 years old, accounting for 86.13%. 【Conclusion】 The HIV infection rate among voluntary blood donors had been increasing year by year in recent years. Major blood centers should strengthen the health information before blood donation, carry out HIV screening strictly, select blood donors appropriately, establish a stable blood donation team, so as to reduce the discarding rate of blood.