RÉSUMÉ
Objective To investigate the incidence of exercise-induced bronchospasm(EIB)in athletes of winter sports in China,compare the incidence among athletes of different sports,genders and sports levels,and analyze the physiological differences in pulmonary ventilation function and blood in-flammatory factors between EIB and non-EIB athletes.Methods Ninety athletes(48 males and 42 fe-males)of four Winter Olympic events of cross-country skiing,short track speed skating,snowboard-ing,and freestyle skiing were recruited(including 61 national grade-2,20 national grade-1,and 9 na-tional excellent athletes).Venous blood was collected early in the morning on the test day for inflam-matory factor analysis.Moreover,the bronchial exercise provocation test was performed on the test day and pulmonary ventilation function parameters were obtained immediately before the test and at 1st,3rd,5th,7th,10th and 15th minute after the test.Results Thirty-three athletes were detected EIB out of 90,with a mean prevalence of 36.67%.In terms of incidence,athletes of cross-country skiing ranked the first(43.18%),followed by those of short track speed skating(38.46%),snowboarding(31.25%)and freestyle skiing(23.53%).Moreover,the incidence of female and male athletes was 42.86%and 31.25%,respectively.Meanwhile,the prevalence of national excellent sportsmen was 55.56%,followed by that of the national grade-1(40%)and grade-2(32.8%).According to the pulmo-nary ventilation indexes,the 1 s expiratory force volume(FEV1)and expiratory force volume(FVC)de-creased significantly(P<0.001)at the 1st and 3rd minutes after the provocation test among EIB ath-letes,but did not change significantly among the non-EIB athletes.Moreover,the FEV1/FVC ratio showed a downward trend among EIB athletes,but an upward trend among the non-EIB ones.As to the blood parameters,the level of the white blood cell count(109/L),interleukin-6 and CC16 of EIB athletes were significantly higher(P=0.02 and P=0.003),while that of immunoglobulin E(IgE)was low-er than the latter(P=0.07).Conclusion EIB troubles athletes of winter sports in China,characterized by a higher incidence among physical sportsmen than skill ones,among women than men,and high-level athletes than common ones.Moreover,inflammation of EIB athletes is more severe than the non-EIB ones,and partly due to airway injury.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To analyze the characteristics of athletes' sports injuries during the Winter Olympic and Winter Youth Olympic Games. Methods:The information of registered athletes during the 2010, 2014 Winter Olympics and 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games, including the injury numbers of each sport, damage sites, types and severity of injuries were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. Results:A total of 6370 person-time registered athletes were collected and 789 sports injuries were recorded. The injury rate per 1000 registered athletes was 123.9. An average of 11% of athletes was injured at least once. There was a significant difference in the injury rate among these events (χ2 = 12.301, P = 0.002). Women were more likely to be injured than men (χ2 = 5.220, P = 0.022). The top three sports with the highest injury rate were snowboarding (23.9%), freestyle skiing (23.2%) and Bobsleigh (18.0%); the top three sports with the largest number of injuries were ice hockey (160 person-time, 20.3%), alpine skiing (128 person-time, 16.2%) and snowboarding (113 person-time, 14.3%). The top three most injured sites were knee (54 person-time, 13.6%), head (41 person-time, 10.3%) and lumbar spine/lower back (27 person-time, 6.8%); the top three types of injury were contusion/haematoma/bruise (123 person-time, 30.9%), sprain (dislocation/subluxation or ligamentous rupture) (71 person-time, 17.8%) and strain (muscle rupture/tear or tendon rupture) (47 person-time,11.8%). A total of 251 injuries (31.8%) were expected to result in time loss for the athlete, 81 out of whom were severe injuries (32.3%). Conclusion:There is a mass of sport injuries in winter sports events with different types and severities. The incidence of injury varies with sports, and it is focused on snowboarding, freestyle skiing and Bobsleigh, ice hockey and alpine skiing. It is needed to research the technical characteristics of specific sports, damage risk factors and mechanism to reduce the sports injuries, and to construct green channels for sports injuries, to promote the recovery of function.
RÉSUMÉ
Presentar 2 casos de luxación traumática de cadera, ocurridos durante una semana en un centro de urgencias de montaña durante la temporada de invierno, asociado a una descripción del manejo de esta dolencia. Materiales y métodos: Se presentan 2 casos de luxación traumática de cadera en esquiadores, junto a una descripción de la epidemiología y el manejo de esta dolencia basado en la literatura disponible. Resultados: Ambos casos presentaron una luxación posterior de cadera izquierda. Fueron diagnosticados y reducidos en pabellón con anestesia general, utilizando la maniobra de Allis. Uno de los pacientes presentó una desinserción del labrum que no requirió cirugía. Discusión: La luxación traumática de cadera es una lesión extremadamente rara entre quienes practican deportes de invierno. La mayoría de los casos son luxaciones posteriores, al igual que las ocurridas con otros eventos traumáticos, aunque entre quienes practican esquí las luxaciones anteriores deben ser también consideradas. Conclusión: La luxación de cadera es una lesión infrecuente entre quienes practican esquí o snowboard, pero es necesario sospecharla debido a sus potenciales complicaciones...
To present 2 cases of traumatic hip dislocation that occurred during a week at a mountain emergency centre during the winter season, as well as a description of its management. Methods: Two cases of traumatic hip dislocation in skiers are presented, along with a description of the epidemiology and management of this condition based on available literature. Results: Both cases were diagnosed as a posterior dislocation of the left hip. Reduction was performed under general anaesthesia, using the Allis manoeuvre in the operating room. One patient had an associated labrum detachment that did not require surgery. Discussion: Traumatic hip dislocation is an extremely rare injury among those who practice winter sports. Most cases are posterior dislocations, as with other traumatic events, but anterior dislocations should also be considered among those who practice skiing. Conclusion: Hip dislocation is an uncommon injury among those who practice skiing or snowboarding and a high level of suspicion is necessary to avoid potential complications...