Revisión sistemática de las prácticas preventivas para riesgos psicosociales en centros sanitarios iberoamericanos / A systematic review of the preventive practices for psychosocial risks in Ibero-American health centers

OBJETIVO: Identificar las prácticas preventivas para riesgos psicosociales en centros sanitarios iberoamericanos, incluyendo los vacíos de la evidencia, y sintetizar la efectividad según dimensión y nivel de intervención. Métodos: Diseño: revisión sistemática de tipo global evidence mapping. FUENTES DE DATOS: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs y Health Evidence Portal. MÉTODOS DE LA REVISIÓN: se emplearon descriptores ad hoc para identificar ensayos controlados aleatorios y otros tipos de estudio. El período de búsqueda comprendió entre enero de 2003 y marzo de 2020, limitado a los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Para el registro de síntesis de estudios incluidos se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA-P. La calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada según protocolo GRADE por tres evaluadores externos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 8959 estudios y, tras el tamizaje y análisis de elegibilidad, se admitieron 18 estudios para revisión sistemática que involucran a 1777 trabajadores de 176 centros sanitarios de España, Portugal, México, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brasil, Perú y Argentina. La mitad de los estudios incluidos son ensayos controlados aleatorios. Las frecuencias de desenlaces predominantes son de calidad moderada (37,2%), y las de alta calidad son 18,7%. CONCLUSIONES: Las prácticas preventivas con alta calidad de evidencias corresponden a las políticas para mejorar condiciones laborales del trabajo hospitalario nocturno. Prácticas basadas en intervenciones multicomponentes presentan evidencias de baja calidad en cinco dimensiones preventivas. Los vacíos de la evidencia están en seis dominios de la intervención preventiva para los riesgos psicosociales.

OBJECTIVE: To identify preventive practices for psychosocial risks in Ibero-American health centers, including gaps in evidence, and to synthesize effectiveness according to dimensions and level of intervention. METHODS: Design: a global evidence mapping type systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Health Evidence Portal. REVIEW METHODS: Ad hoc descriptors were used to identify randomized controlled trials and other types of studies. The search was done between January 2003 and March 2020, limited to the English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The PRISMA-P protocol was applied to register the synthesis of the included studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE protocol and by three external evaluators. RESULTS: A total of 8959 studies were identified, and, after screening and eligibility assessment, 18 studies were included in the systematic review, involving 1777 workers from 176 health centers in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. Half of the included studies are randomized controlled trials; 37.2% of the included studies were deemed of moderate quality, while 18.7% were of high quality. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive practices with strong evidence correspond to policies that improve the working conditions of night hospital work. We found low-quality evidence in six preventive dimensions for the practices based on multi-component interventions. We found evidence gaps in five domains of preventive interventions for psychosocial risks.

Relationship between Injury Occurrence and Workplace Organization in Small-sized Manufacturing Factories / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the relationship between injury occurrence and workplace organization in small-sized, manufacturing factories in Korea. METHODS: Using data from the 2004 Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea, this study compared workplace organizational factors (general characteristics, employee characteristics and health and safety characteristics) with injury occurrence of 1,866 small-sized, manufacturing factories (65,921 population factories after weighting). General characteristics of factories comprised location, type and classification of industry. Employee characteristics comprised proportion of manual workers and female workers, average working hours per week and shiftwork. Health and safety characteristics comprised type of safety and health manager, committee for occupational safety and health, labor union, health and safety regulation, monthly health and safety training time, score of health and safety activity and score of safety culture. RESULTS: The following characteristics of injury-occurrence in small-sized, manufacturing factories were determined by multivariate analysis. In terms of general characteristics, the risk of injury-occurrence was higher in Jeolla area than Gyeongin area in outside associate than other enterprises and in coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel, wood and products of wood, food products and beverages and fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture industries than television and communication equipment and apparatus industries. In terms of employee characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with greater proportion of manual worker and with a higher rate of working hours per week. But significantly decreased in factories with a higher proportion of female workers. In terms of health and safety characteristics, injury-occurrence significantly increased in factories with a self-appointed safety manager, with unorganized union, with a more active committee for occupational safety and health, with unimplemented health and safety regulations, with longer monthly safety and health training time, and with a lower score of safety culture. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that several factors of workplace organization were significantly related with injury-occurrence in factories. These findings are supposed to raise the need for making efforts in workplace organization to improve injury prevention.