Assessing accessibility of sexual reproductive health services among adolescents and young people living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya

Background: Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) are fundamental human rights enshrined in national, regional, and international laws and agreements. This study aimed to determine the accessibility of SRHR services among young people living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 224 adolescents and young people from Kenya. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. Before the study commenced, approvals were acquired from the Kenyatta University ethics and review committee, the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation, County Governments, and selected county and sub-county health facilities in Kenya. Results: About 68.2% of adolescents and young people (AYP) living with HIV/AIDS accessed SRH services with a significant difference in proportion between study counties (Nairobi city and Homabay counties) in Kenya (?2=20.553; df=2; p<0.0001). Nevertheless, 33% of them reported that there were challenges that affected access to SRHR services and the unavailability of some services. Therefore, there is a need to ensure enough and constant supply of commodities and supplies for comprehensive care services. Conclusions: The study showed a statistically significant difference in the proportion of AYP living with HIV/AIDS who accessed SRH services in the study counties of Nairobi city and Homabay.

Trajectory, Perceived Causes and Efforts in Diabetes Selfmanagement: A Qualitative Study Among Young People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Caregivers

@#Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that young individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face challenges in achieving optimal diabetes self-management, leading to difficulties in attaining the recommended glycaemic target. The reasons behind these suboptimal practices remain unclear due to the limited number of studies conducted in Malaysia that focused on diabetes self-management among young people. This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experience of young people with T2DM on self-management in Malaysia. Methods: Young people at the age of 10 to 24 years, who had been diagnosed with T2DM and the caregivers who managing young people with T2DM were interviewed. Data were thematically analysed with the aid of QSR NVivo version 12. Results: Sixteen young informants and eleven caregivers participated in this study. Three major themes conceptualised the lived experience of diabetes self-management: (1) the trajectory to T2DM diagnosis; (2) perceived causes of T2DM; (3) the efforts in diabetes self-management. The route of diagnosis and experiential knowledge about T2DM might determine their efforts in the self-management among the young people. Healthy eating, medication taking and physical activity were perceived as important tasks in diabetes self-management. The involvement of the caregivers in diabetes self-management evolved over time. Conclusion: The study highlighted the experience of young people and caregivers since the beginning of the diagnosis and their strategies in diabetes self-management. More understanding of the lived experiences of patients and caregivers in disease management within the socio-ecological context could help to improve health-care services and intervention for this population.

Alcohol and illicit drugs:prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use and their predictors in young people from Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania / 《全球健康杂志（英文）》

Background:Alcohol and illicit drugs(AID)continue to be a major global health concern.Although preventable,AID is linked to millions of deaths annually worldwide.The situation is particularly grave for young people,with AID being a major direct risk factor for disability-adjusted youth life-years lost and death.It further contributes to assaults,road crashes,accidental poisoning,and suicide,leading to long-term issues and public health concerns. Objective:This study aimed at disclosing current AID prevalence data for Argentinian,Bulgarian,Chilean and Romanian youth.It shed light on the predictors of AID in young people from those countries. Method:The study used an online survey to gather data from people aged 18 to 25(n=1,297).The survey was underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour(TPB).Predictors were investigated separately for drinking alcohol and using illicit drugs. Results:Our data revealed that across the four target countries,49％to 90％of the participants drank alcohol,and 8％to 35％used illicit drugs in the past three months.Between 20％and 91％of them intended to drink,and between 8％and 31％intended to use illicit drugs in the following three months.Our TPB model predicted statistically significant(P＜0.001)amounts of variance in drinking alcohol(between 61％and 72％)and using il-licit drugs(between 20.3％and 74.4％).Intention was consistent in significantly predicting both behaviours.Evidence around the predictive validity of self-efficacy,age and gender was mixed across the investigated countries. Conclusion:This research provided an update on the scarce AID epidemiological data.It also supplied evidence about what theoretically-informed measures might be useful targets of interventions in the case of Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania.This new knowledge of understanding substance abuse determinants and prevalence may help researchers and practitioners better meet young people's health prevention needs.

Epidemiology of suicide mortality in Mexican young people (ages 15-29) from 1990 to 2020 / Epidemiología del suicidio en jóvenes mexicanos (15-29 años) de 1990 a 2020

Abstract Introduction In 2020, suicide was the third leading cause of death in Mexico among young people ages 15 and 29, accounting for 43.0% of all suicides in the country, making it a major public health issue. Objective To explore changes in the geographic distribution of suicide rates by state and to analyze the magnitude, distribution, and pattern of suicide mortality in young Mexicans ages 15 to 29 between 1990 and 2020. Method Descriptive, ecological time-series study, based on official information. Standardized mortality rates were calculated using information on deaths (INEGI) and population estimates (CONAPO). The magnitude, distribution, and patterns of suicide mortality at the national level and by state were analyzed using the Joinpoint segmented regression model. Results From 1990 to 2020, suicide mortality in young people increased by 198% and was higher in women (285%) than men (178%). The states with the highest suicide mortality rates from 2016 to 2020 were Chihuahua (18.5 suicides/100,000 young people ages 15-29), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1), and San Luis Potosí (12.9), accounting for 23.0% of total suicide deaths. Discussion and conclusion The study of mortality trends could contribute to the management of a national suicide prevention strategy in young Mexicans, providing support for public health decision-making, such as the identification of the states and regions that should be prioritized.

Resumen Introducción En 2020, el suicidio fue la tercera causa de muerte en México en los jóvenes de 15 a 29 años y concentró el 43.0% del total de suicidios del país. Por lo tanto, es un problema de salud pública muy relevante. Objetivo Explorar los cambios en la distribución geográfica de las tasas de suicidio por entidad federativa, así como analizar la magnitud, distribución y tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio, en los jóvenes mexicanos de 15 a 29 años entre 1990 y 2020. Método Estudio ecológico descriptivo de series de tiempo, a partir de la información de fuentes oficiales. Se calcularon las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad utilizando la información sobre defunciones (INEGI) y las estimaciones de población (CONAPO). Se analizó la magnitud, distribución y tendencias de la mortalidad por suicidio a nivel nacional y por entidad federativa, utilizando el modelo de regresión segmentada Joinpoint. Resultados De 1990 a 2020, la mortalidad por suicidio en jóvenes creció 198%, siendo mayor en las mujeres (285%) que en los hombres (178%). Las entidades con mayor mortalidad por suicidio, de 2016 a 2020, fueron Chihuahua (18.5 suicidios/100 mil jóvenes 15-29 años), Aguascalientes (16.6), Yucatán (14.4), Guanajuato (14.1) y San Luis Potosí (12.9), las cuales concentraron el 23.0% del total de muertes por suicidios. Discusión y conclusión El estudio de las tendencias de la mortalidad podría contribuir a la gestión de una estrategia nacional para la prevención del suicidio en jóvenes mexicanos, proporcionando sustento para la toma de decisiones en salud pública, como la identificación de las entidades federativas y regiones del país que deben recibir la máxima prioridad.

Vinculação amorosa, conflitos interparentais e sintomatologia psicopatológica: contribuição para os conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos / Romantic attachment, interparental conflicts and psychopathologic symptoms: The contribution for dating conflicts in young adults

Resumo. Objetivo. Analisar em que medida a qualidade da vinculação amorosa, a presença de sintomatologia psicopatológica e os conflitos interparentais predizem os conflitos no namoro em jovens adultos. Método. A amostra foi constituída por 505 indivíduos, 366 (72.5%) do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 25 anos (M = 20.59; DP = 1.78). Resultados. Os resultados apontam que conflitos interparentais, a sintomatologia psicopatológica e a ambivalência na vinculação amorosa predizem negativamente estratégias de resolução não abusivas no namoro. As estratégias de resolução abusivas e os comportamentos violentos no namoro são preditos positivamente pela sintomatologia psicopatológica, conflitos interparentais e a ambivalência na vinculação amorosa. O sexo feminino associou-se às resoluções não abusivas, enquanto o sexo masculino se associou à resolução de conflitos abusivos e comportamentos violentos.

Abstract. Objective. This study aims to analyze to what extent the quality of the romantic attachment, the presence of psychopathological symptoms, and the inter-parental conflicts predict dating conflicts in young adults. Method. The sample comprised 505 individuals, 366 (72.5%) females, aged between 18 and 25 (M = 20.59; SD = 1.78). Results. The results indicate that interparental conflict, psychopathological symptomatology, and ambivalence in romantic attachment negatively predict non-abusive resolution strategies in dating. Abusive coping strategies and dating violence were positively predicted by psychopathological symptoms, inter-parental conflicts, and dating attachment ambivalence. These were also negatively predicted by interpersonal sensitivity and trust in the romantic attachment. Females were associated with non-abusive conflict resolution strategies, whereas males were associated with abusive conflict resolution strategies and violent behaviors.

Caracterización de la identidad digital en estudiantes chilenos de ciencias de la salud. Un estudio de caso según género / Self-discrepancy and compulsive buying in Chilean university students

Resumen El consumo se ha instaurado en las sociedades posmodernas como un medio regulador de las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la compra compulsiva se establece como patológica y genera un malestar psicológico significativo en las personas, al punto de deteriorar el funcionamiento social y profesional. A esto se suman graves problemas económicos como producto del endeudamiento. Bajo este escenario, los jóvenes son particularmente sensibles, ya que con el consumo acceden a objetos simbólicos que forman parte de su construcción de identidad. Una dimensión relacionada con la compra compulsiva y el acceso al consumo bajo elementos simbólicos es la discrepancia del yo, la cual establece la distancia entre quién soy y quién me gustaría ser de acuerdo a patrones sociales que motivan el consumo como extensión del sujeto y materialización de la propia identidad. En base a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la discrepancia del yo sobre las actitudes hacia la compra compulsiva en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple se aprecia que la discrepancia del yo físico (belleza), económico y el sexo son predictores significativos de la compra compulsiva. De igual manera, se observa que las mujeres son un grupo con mayores puntuaciones en cuanto a las compras compulsivas que los hombres, las cuales pueden verse mayormente afectadas por el contexto, y las campañas de marketing pueden influir en una mayor brecha entre el yo real y el yo ideal.

Abstract Consumption has been established in postmodern societies as a means of regulating social relations. In this context, compulsive buying could be established as pathological, creating significant psychological discomfort in people, to the point of impairing social and professional functioning, coupled with serious economic problems resulting from indebtedness. Along the same lines, in the construction of a social identity and a socially shared reality, consumption patterns arise that are linked to what the public should be and what they want to be. Therefore, while compulsive buying has been conceptualized for decades, it is a substantial threat to psychological and financial well-being. Few studies have explored the link between self-discrepancy and compulsive buying within an identity construction context. In this scenario, it is young people who become particularly sensitive, since with consumption they access symbolic objects that are part of their identity construction and a dimension related to compulsive buying. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that access to the consumption of symbolic elements is self-discrepancy. That is why this research aims at determining the effect of the self-discrepancy on attitudes towards compulsive buying in Chilean university students. The study uses a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. Study sample was comprised of 1 229 Chilean university students, who responded to the scale of attitudes towards consumption, the self-discrepancy scale, and answered questions for sociodemographic characterization including: gender (male/female), age, geographical area of residence (rural/urban), people with whom they live, and whether they have any bank credit cards. Prior to data collection, a letter was sent to Faculty Deans and Program Directors of all the universities associated with the Council of Rectors of Chile; these letters described the aims of the study, and requested information and authorization for the distribution of the instrument previously described. It is important to indicate that, after this, a random sampling process was initiated, after which each participant was contacted, so that they could sign an informed consent form, thus ensuring the anonymity ethical guidelines of the study. The data was processed through SPSS version 22 software, looking for the presence of univariate and multivariate outliers through Z-scores and Mahalanobis distance. A descriptive analysis of the variables was then carried out based on the dispersion, central trend and shape measurements. Subsequently, the data was analysed through bivariate statistics through Pearson correlations, to indicate into empirical relationships between compulsive purchase as a dependent variable and sociodemographic variables (sex and bank credit card holding) and the dimensions associated with the self-discrepancy (intellectual, physical, physical beauty, personal, social, emotional and economic) as independent variables. Once the behaviour of the variables was observed, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed. Regarding the results of this research, multiple linear regression shows that physical self-discrepancy (beauty), economic self-discrepancy and gender are significant predictors of compulsive buying. Similarly, it is noted that women are a group with higher scores in terms of compulsive purchases than men, which may be mostly affected by the context, where marketing campaigns can influence a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.

Jovens diante da morte: experiências de sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito e tentativas de homicídios / Young people facing death: experiences of survivors of traffic accidents and attempted homicides / Jóvenes frente a la muerte: experiencias de sobrevivientes de accidentes de tránsito y tentativas de homicidio

INTRODUÇÃO: Ainda hoje, a morte é um tema tabu, fortemente associado ao envelhecimento. Contudo, é preocupante o número de jovens que se envolvem em situações inesperadas, como os acidentes de trânsito e as tentativas de homicídio, levando-os a se depararem com sua finitude. OBJETIVO: compreender e analisar a experiência de jovens sobreviventes de acidentes de trânsito e tentativas de homicídios. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas com oito jovens, com idade entre 19 e 29 anos, que residem no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e que se sobreviveram a acidentes de trânsito ou tentativas de homicídio. As entrevistas foram orientadas por um roteiro semiestruturado e foram analisadas na perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: O discurso dos jovens entrevistados aponta para as implicações existenciais das mudanças impostas pelas intercorrências, sobretudo a partir dos impactos que elas causaram, alterando tanto suas rotinas como também a forma como pensavam e viviam. Além disso, essa experiência também trouxe implicações na percepção da imagem corporal, além de mudanças em outros âmbitos da vida dos entrevistados, como o trabalho, os estudos, bem como as relações familiares e de amizade, que também foram afetadas. CONCLUSÃO: Faz-se necessária uma maior compreensão dessas experiências, com o intuito de contribuir com elaboração de estratégias em saúde para ajudar esses jovens a lidarem com as consequências das ocorrências que, muitas vezes, são graves e permanentes.

INTRODUCTION: Even today, death is a taboo topic, strongly associated with aging. However, the number of young people who become involved in unexpected situations, such as traffic accidents and attempted murders, is worrying, leading them to face their finitude. OBJECTIVE: To understand and analyze the experience of young survivors of traffic accidents and attempted homicides. METHOD: Open interviews were carried out with eight young people, aged between 19 and 29 years old, who live in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and who survived traffic accidents or attempted homicides. The interviews were guided by a semi-structured script and were analyzed from the perspective of Content Analysis. RESULTS: The speech of the young people interviewed points to the existential implications of the changes imposed by the intercurrences, especially from the impacts they caused, changing both their routines and the way they thought and lived. In addition, this experience also had implications for the perception of body image, in addition to changes in other areas of the interviewees' lives, such as work, studies, as well as family and friendship relationships that were also affected. CONCLUSION: A better understanding of these experiences is needed, in order to contribute to the development of health strategies that help these young people to deal with the consequences of events that are often serious and permanent.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Hoy en día, la muerte es un tema tabú, fuertemente asociado al envejecimiento. Sin embargo, es preocupante la cantidad de jóvenes que se ven involucrados en situaciones inesperadas, como accidentes de tránsito e intentos de homicidio, que los llevan a enfrentar su finitud. OBJETIVO: Comprender y analizar la experiencia de jóvenes sobrevivientes de accidentes de tránsito y tentativas de homicidio. MÉTODO: Se realizaron entrevistas abiertas con ocho jóvenes, con edades entre 19 y 29 años, que viven en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul y que han sobrevivido a accidentes de tráfico o intentos de homicidio. Las entrevistas fueron guiadas por un guión semiestructurado y fueron analizadas desde la perspectiva del Análisis de Contenido. RESULTADOS: El discurso de los jóvenes entrevistados apunta a las implicaciones existenciales de los cambios impuestos por las intercurrencias, especialmente a partir de los impactos que provocaron, modificando tanto sus rutinas como su forma de pensar y vivir. Además, esta experiencia también tuvo implicaciones en la percepción de la imagen corporal, además de cambios en otras áreas de la vida de los entrevistados, como el trabajo, los estudios, así como las relaciones familiares y de amistad que también se vieron afectadas. CONCLUSION: Se necesita una mejor comprensión de estas experiencias, para contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias de salud que ayuden a estos jóvenes a enfrentar las consecuencias de eventos que muchas veces son graves y permanentes.

The Role of EO% and CRP in Risk Factors Analysis of Young Patients with Transfusion Related Adverse Reactions / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo discuss the correlation between young patients’ adverse transfusion reaction and pre-transfusion C reactive protein （CRP） level and EO% （percentage of eosinophils） . MethodsThe observation group was chosen from among sixty-six young patients who experienced transfusion-related adverse events between January 2019 and December 2020. For each patient chosen to be included in the observation group， another patient from the same department， with the same disease and gender， who had been hospitalized in the same month and received the same type of blood product transfusion， but had not experienced any transfusion-related adverse effects， was chosen to be in the control group. We examined and compared their ages， transfusion experiences， allergy backgrounds， EO%， and CRP levels in peripheral blood prior to transfusion. A receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to examine the diagnostic value of EO% and CRP for transfusion-related adverse events. Simultaneously， a logistic analysis was performed on the risk factors for transfusion-related adverse events. ResultsPre-transfusion CRP was higher in patients with FNHTR in the observation group than it was in patients in the control group； pre-transfusion CRP was also higher in patients with ATR in the observation group than it was in patients in the control group. There were also statistically significant differences between these variables in the percentage of patients with transfusion history and pre-transfusion EO% （ P＜0.05）. For the transfusion of different blood types， there was statistical significance in the occurrence of ATR and FNHTR （ P＜0.05）. For the diagnosis of FNHTR， the CRP area under the ROC curve was 0.889， and the best cut-off value was 18.05 mg/L. For the diagnosis of ATR， the area under the ROC curve was 0.749， and the best cut-off values were 17.60 mg/L. ConclusionPre-transfusion C-reactive protein level is an independent risk factor for FNHTR and ATR in young patients； the predictive value of EO% for adverse blood transfusion reactions is insufficient.

Changes in retinal vascular geometry in young myopic subjects / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of myopia on retinal vascular geometry in young subjects.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study. From June 2018 to December 2018, 235 participants (235 eyes) who took part in routine physical examination in Huadong Sanatorium were included. There were 94 males and 141 females; age was (34.89±6.15) years old; equivalent spherical refraction (SE) was (-3.78±3.25) D. 59 (25.11%, 59/235) were divided into high myopia group (SE≤-6.0 D), along with 131 (55.74%, 131/235) low to moderate myopia group (-0.5 D> SE>-6.0 D), and 45 (19.15%, 45/235) emmetropia group (0.5 D≥SE≥-0.5 D). Retinal vascular geometric measurements, including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), fractal dimension arteriole (FDa), fractal dimension venule (FDv), curvature tortuosity arteriole (CTORTa), curvature tortuosity venule, branch angle arteriole (BAa), branch angle venule, branch coefficient arteriole and branching coefficient venule, were extracted by using a validated computer program. One-way analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were performed to compare the measurements across the high myopia, low to moderate myopia, and emmetropia groups. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between SE and retinal vascular geometric parameters.Results:The differences in CRAE ( F=65.11), CRVE ( F=61.52), FDa (F=14.26), FDv ( F=8.31), CTORTa ( F=5.07) and BAa (F=6.51) among eys of high myopia group, low to moderate myopia group and emmetropia group remained significant ( P<0.05) after adjusting for age, glycosylated hemoglobin, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, and intraocular pressure. CRAE and CRVE were linearly correlated with the SE ( P<0.05). FDa, FDv, cTORTa and BAa decreased with the decrease of SE in high myopia ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Myopia is associated with the change of the retinal vascular geometric characteristics. With the deepening of myopia, the change of retinal vascular geometric characteristics gradually worsens.

Differences of clinical features and surgical efficacy between the elderly and the middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To explore the differences of clinical features and surgical efficacy between the elderly and the middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area.Methods:Forty-three elderly patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area (≥60 years old) and 63 middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area (18-59 years old), accepted surgery in Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020, were chosen. The differences of symptom, gross tumor volume, peritumoral edema degrees, intraoperative blood loss, tumor resection degrees, complications, and hospital stays between the 2 groups were analyzed.Results:The elderly patients had significantly higher proportion of preoperative muscle strength decline, lower proportion of preoperative headache, larger preoperative tumor volume, more severe peritumoral edema degrees before and after surgery, small volume of intraoperative blood loss, and longer hospital stays compared with the middle-aged and young patients ( P<0.05). However, no significant differences in distributions of tumor resection Simpson grades, proportion of new neurological dysfunction, incidence of postoperative complications, and proportions of reoperations and tumor recurrence were noted between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Significant difference in distributions of peritumoral edema degrees among patients with different WHO grades was noted in the elderly group ( P<0.05), and significant difference in distribution of peritumoral edema degrees among patients with different tumor volumes was noted in the middle-aged and young group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Although differences in clinical characteristics exist between the elderly and the middle-aged and young patients with meningiomas in the central cortex area, no significant difference in surgical efficacy is noted between the 2 groups. The peritumoral edema degree in the elderly patients is related to tumor pathological grades, while that in middle-aged and young patients is related to tumor volumes.

A diversidade, as idades, as gerações: das especializações medíocres aos estudos necessários para a Sociologia da Juventude / Diversity, ages, generations: from mediocre specializations to necessary studies for Youth Sociology

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é adentrar algumas produções sobre as juventudes e as gerações, tendo como fundamento para análise a decadência ideológica, cunhada por Georg Lukács. Com isso, pretendo afirmar que as bases de algumas especializações contribuem para a disseminação de conceitos pautados por expressões da questão social atribuídas aos sujeitos individualmente, numa espécie de afirmação de essência de sujeito, que carrega determinabilidade, ou seja, estão impregnados de uma ontologia depreciativa do humano.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to enter some productions about youth and generations, having as basis for analysis the ideological decadence, coined by Georg Lukács. With this I intend to affirm that the bases of some specializations contribute to the dissemination of concepts guided by expressions of the social issue attributed to the subjects individually, in a kind of affirmation of subject essence, which carries determinability, i.e., are impregnated with a depreciative ontology of the human.

Amor, sexualidade, fluidez e incerteza entre os jovens: Uma comparação entre homens e mulheres / Love, sexuality, fluidity and uncertainties among young people: A comparison between men and women / Amor, sexualidad, fluidez e incertidumbre entre jóvenes: una comparación entre hombres y mujeres

Resumo Este artigo avalia as relações afetivas/sexuais entre jovens, procurando identificar eventuais resquícios do chamado "amor romântico" a partir da comparação entre os gêneros. Entre outros, trabalhamos com valores, expectativas e comportamentos relacionados a temas diversos, tais como: amizade, casamento, família, desejo de ter filhos, reconhecimento profissional, perspectiva de permanência, estabilidade, machismo, individualismo, fluidez das relações, fidelidade. Para isso, utilizamos uma amostra de 1.282 respostas recebidas de alunos heterossexuais da Universidade de Brasília. Em geral, verificamos uma grande variação na opinião dos alunos. No entanto, ela não decorre da diferença entre gêneros: alunos e alunas apresentaram-se muito parecidos entre si.

Abstract This article evaluates the affective/sexual relations among young people, seeking to identify possible remnants of the so-called "romantic love", from the comparison between genders. Among other things, we work with values, expectations and behaviors related to several topics, such as: friendship, marriage, family, the desire to have children, professional recognition, perspective of permanence, stability, machismo, individualism, fluidity of relationships, fidelity. And for this matter, we analyzed a sample of 1,282 responses received from heterosexual students from the University of Brasília. In general, we found a wide dispersion in students´s opinions. However, it does not result from the difference between genders: male and female students presented themselves very similar to each other.

Resumen Este artículo evalúa las relaciones afectivas / sexuales entre jóvenes, buscando identificar posibles remanentes del llamado "amor romántico", a partir de la comparación entre géneros. Entre otros, trabajamos con valores, expectativas y comportamientos relacionados con diferentes temas, tales como: amistad, matrimonio, familia, deseo de tener hijos, reconocimiento profesional, perspectiva de permanencia, estabilidad, machismo, individualismo, fluidez de relaciones, lealtad, etc. Para esto, utilizamos una muestra de 1.282 respuestas recibidas de estudiantes heterosexuales de la Universidad de Brasilia. En general, encontramos una gran dispersión en la opinión de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, no resulta de la diferencia entre géneros: los estudiantes masculinos y femeninos se presentaron muy similares entre sí.

Percepción de riesgo asociada al consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana en estudiantes universitarios: diferencias en función del consumo y del sexo / Perceived risk associated with the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana: differences according to use and gender

Resumen El consumo de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana presenta una alta prevalencia entre adultos emergentes universitarios. Una variable que incide en el consumo de estas tres sustancias psicoactivas es la percepción de riesgo asociada a dicha conducta. Este estudio examinó -en adultos emergentes universitarios argentinos- la relación bi o multivariada, entre el riesgo percibido de consumir alcohol, tabaco y marihuana, y el consumo propiamente dicho de estas sustancias. Se analizaron también variaciones en la percepción de riesgo en función del sexo y del tipo de consumo (con y sin consumo episódico excesivo de alcohol [CEEA], con y sin consumo de tabaco o marihuana). La muestra final, no probabilística y de carácter accidental, estuvo compuesta por 279 estudiantes universitarios (75.6% mujeres; M edad = 23.02; DE = 3.36) que completaron un cuestionario online. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de riesgo (global y para indicadores individuales) en función del sexo y del tipo de consumo. A su vez, el sexo (i.e., ser hombre) y la mayor frecuencia de CEEA, de consumo de tabaco y marihuana se asociaron a la percepción de un menor riesgo atribuido al consumo de cada sustancia. Los hallazgos sugieren que las conductas de consumo frecuente e intensivo podrían ser el foco de intervenciones para corregir posibles sesgos en la interpretación o valoración del riesgo percibido.

Abstract Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana consumption is highly prevalent among emerging adult college students. One of the variables influencing the consumption of these three psychoactive substances is the perception of risk associated with such behavior. This work examined bivariate and multivariate relationships between risk perception of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use, and the use of those substances, in Argentinian emerging adults that attend college. Additionally, we analyzed differences in risk perception in regards of gender. A sample of 279 college students (75.6% women; M age = 23.02; SD = 3.36) completed an online survey. We used a non-probabilistic and accidental sampling. We found significant differences in risk perception as a function of gender and type of consumption (i.e., with/without heavy episodic drinking [HED], with or without tobacco/marijuana use). Being men and exhibiting a higher frequency of HED, tobacco or marijuana consumption were significantly associated to the perception of a lower risk attributed to each substance. These findings suggests that frequent and intensive substance use behaviors could be the focus for interventions to correct risk perceptions.

Violencia simbólica en relaciones de pareja desde la marginalidad en mujeres jóvenes / Symbolic violence in couple relationships in light of the marginality of young women / Violência simbólica em relacionamentos de casal desde a marginalidade em mulheres jovens

Resumen (analítico) El método biográfico narrativo permitió escuchar a seis mujeres jóvenes que habitan contextos marginales. A partir de un diseño narrativo, se concretaron narrativas biográficas. En ellas se expusieron los modos como han configurado sus relaciones de pareja en torno a las prácticas y discursos de la violencia simbólica, dejando al descubierto una realidad atravesada por la violencia de un sector enclavado en el olvido institucional y el señalamiento colectivo. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante un biograma, el cual permitió encontrar que la despolitización y la idealización son los modos como han construido sus relaciones. La relevancia de este estudio se centra en dar a conocer la resistencia a los mecanismos de poder como posibilidad de transformar la construcción de amor que habitualmente se ha promovido en otras mujeres.

Abstract (analytical) The Narrative Biographical Method was applied with six young women who live in marginal contexts. Their biographical narratives were identified through a narrative design in which they shared the ways in which they have configured relationships with their partners around the practices and discourses of symbolic violence. The study exposes a reality of violence in this population that is associated with institutional abandonment and collective allegations. The analysis of the information was carried out using a Biogram, which allowed the authors to identify that depoliticization and idealization are how these women have built their relationships. The study is relevant because it raises awareness about existing power mechanisms that support the transforming of couple relationships, which is usually encouraged by other women.

Resumo (analítico) O Método Biográfico Interpretativo permitiu escutar seis mulheres jovens que habitam contextos de marginalidade. A partir de um desenho narrativo, concretizaram-se as suas narrativas biográficas; nas quais elas expuseram os modos de ter configurado os seus relacionamentos de casal em torno às práticas e discursos da violência simbólica, deixando a descoberto uma realidade atravessada pela violência doméstica de um setor aninhado no esquecimento institucional e na acusação da sociedade. A análise da informação foi realizada mediante um Biograma, o qual permitiu encontrar que a despolitização e a idealização são as maneiras como elas construíram seus relacionamentos. A relevância deste estúdio é focado em dar a conhecer a resistência aos mecanismos de poder como possibilidade de transformar a construção do amor que habitualmente é promovido em outras mulheres.

Sentido de vida y su asociación con la ansiedad y la depresión en jóvenes / Meaning in life and its association with anxiety and depression in young people

Resumen El sentido de vida se ha convertido en una importante variable salutogénica en las poblaciones más jóvenes. La investigación ha evidenciado que el sentido de vida está relacionado con la disminución de comportamientos de riesgo, como el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, y es un factor protector frente a diferentes problemáticas de salud, que van desde los eventos cardiovasculares hasta la disminución de la aparición de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar cómo esta variable se asocia con la ansiedad y la depresión en un grupo de adolescentes y jóvenes. Se analizaron los datos de 596 participantes colombianos cuyas edades oscilaron entre 18 y 24 años (M = 21; DE = 1.74; 68 % mujeres y 32 % hombres). Se utilizaron la Escala Dimensional de Sentido de Vida y la Escala para la Depresión, la Ansiedad y el Estrés (DASS-21). En primer lugar, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de sentido de vida en las siguientes variables: los participantes que reportaron algún diagnóstico de enfermedad, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y estrato socioeconómico. Se presenta un modelo resultante de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales basado en cuadrados mínimos parciales. El modelo tuvo índices de ajuste adecuado (NFI = .84; SRMR = .06). El sentido de vida se asoció negativa y significativamente con la ansiedad y la depresión. Los resultados encontrados presentan implicaciones para la investigación al tiempo que se constituyen en sustento empírico para incluir la variable en programas de intervención y prevención, de tal forma que puedan evaluarse objetivamente y consigan disminuir las puntuaciones de ansiedad y depresión en jóvenes.

Abstract Around 300 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. Both have become, according to the main organizations, one of the first causes of disability and lost work years on the planet. Not to mention that depression is one of the main antecedents of deaths by suicide. Both have a special impact on young populations and adolescents. In Colombia the data is not more encouraging, around 53 % of the young people has at least one symptom of anxiety and 80 % have at least one symptom of depression. Given this data, anxiety and depression constitute important health problems that require sufficient attention. On the other hand, the meaning in life has become an important salutogenic variable in younger populations. Recent research has shown that the meaning in life is related to the reduction of risk behaviors, such as the consumption of psychoactive substances, and is a protective factor against different health problems, ranging from cardiovascular events to the reduction of the appearance of anxious and depressive symptoms. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to identify how the meaning in life is associated with anxiety and depression in adolescents and young people. The data of 596 Colombian participants whose ages ranged between 18 and 24 years (M = 21; SD = 1.74; 68 % women and 32 % men) were analyzed, the only condition to participate was knowing how to read and write. The Dimensional Meaning Life Scale and the Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) were used. Firstly, significant differences were found in the meaning in life scores in the participants who reported a diagnosis of disease, consumption of psychoactive substances and socioeconomic condition. The highest meaning scores were obtained by people who did not have a diagnosis of medical or psychological illness, who did not consume any psychoactive substances, and people in the highest socioeconomic status. Likewise, there were differences for anxiety and depression, people with a diagnosis of disease and who consume psychoactive substances had higher scores for both anxiety and depression. Women had higher anxiety scores, and people from the lowest socioeconomic conditions had the highest scores for depression. A model resulting from an analysis of structural equations based on partial least squares is presented. The model had adequate fit indices (NFI = .84; SRMR = .06). The meaning in life was negatively and significantly associated with anxiety and depression. The path coefficients of the latent variable meaning in life show an impact of -.49 on anxiety and -.71 on depression. According to the R squared values, the meaning of life explains 24 % of the presence of anxiety symptoms and around 51 % of depression. Regarding the measurement model, both the Dimensional Meaning in Life Scale and the Scale for Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) showed excellent adjustments in the measurement and operationalization of the latent variables. The results found present implications for research, and they also constitute empirical support to include the variable in intervention and prevention programs that can be objectively evaluated and reduce anxiety and depression scores in adolescents and young people, which would also allow to reduce all the negative consequences associated with both pathologies. Other projections and limitations associated with what was found in this research are discussed.

Definición de consumo de hombres universitarios. Exploración desde las redes semánticas naturales / Definition of university men's consumption. Exploration from natural semantic networks

Resumen Frente al dominio del neoliberalismo en las sociedades contemporáneas, las posibilidades de consumo resultan abrumadoras, en tanto mecanismo de configuración identitaria y evidencia de nuevas formas de inclusión/exclusión de los sujetos respecto de los grupos sociales. Esta investigación aborda un segmento de la sociedad chilena que no escapa de esta lógica: los hombres jóvenes. Los jóvenes, en general, constituyen un segmento propenso al riesgo financiero, con altos niveles de endeudamiento, al menos en la sociedad chilena. En este escenario, el artículo explora los significados de consumo que construyen hombres universitarios de pregrado, de tres áreas de formación profesional de una universidad de la Región de La Araucanía (Chile). Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, aplicando la técnica de redes semánticas naturales. La muestra estuvo conformada por estudiantes de las áreas de las Ciencias Sociales, Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias de la Ingeniería, de edades entre 18 y 24 años, con un total de 51 sujetos. Los resultados indican una red semántica general abundante, cuyo núcleo está representado por la palabra "alimentarse", seguido por significados asociados a dinero, comprar y necesidad, que dan cuenta de la dimensión material del consumo. Son relevantes, además, los conceptos asociados a drogas y alcohol. A propósito de los hallazgos, se sugiere explorar la relación de la alimentación con el cuerpo masculino, así como la posesión de bienes materiales y las orientaciones al éxito en los hombres jóvenes, sobre todo en lo referente al proceso de construcción de masculinidades juveniles.

Abstract In the face of the dominance of neoliberalism in Western societies the possibilities of consumption are overwhelming. This type of societies are associated with a consumerist culture and lifestyle, where the capacity of consumption is the fundamental criterion of inclusion/exclusion of the subjects. Consumption intervenes significantly in the construction of people's personal and social identity. The desires and longings generated by the consumer society are related to the acquisition of lifestyles. In this sense, subjects give meaning to objects and experiences. The interest of this research is in young people. Young people represent a segment of interest for the economic market; therefore, they constitute a group that is financially in risk. The high levels of indebtedness of the youth population in Chile must be considered. Specifically, men handle money from a young age and carry out certain paid activities, especially in popular sectors. Men are projected as active consumers in the economic market, an area where the traditional gender division has diminished, directing men to production and women to consumption. On the other hand, empirical evidence shows the association between masculinities and material possessions, money and orientation to success. It is also possible to mention a relative scarcity of studies linking men and consumption in Latin America. In this context, the present article explores the meaning of consumption as constructed by university men in three areas of professional training, who are pursuing undergraduate careers, in the Araucanía Region. A qualitative methodology is used to achieve the research objective, applying the technique of natural semantic networks. A case study is carried out. The sample was conformed by students of Social Sciences (18 subjects), Health Sciences (15 subjects) and Engineering Sciences (18 subjects), aged between 18 and 24 years old, with a total of 51 subjects. All students are from a private university in the Araucanía Region, Chile.

Estancias post-Quincke, nueva posibilidad de formación, aprendizaje, producción e intercambio de conocimientos científicos / Post-Quincke stays, new possibility of training, learning, production and exchange of scientific knowledge

RESUMEN Introducción: Como resultado de las Becas de Investigación Quincke, se ha formado un grupo de investigación con jóvenes estudiantes de medicina y recién egresados interesados en continuar las investigaciones que se desarrollan en el Laboratorio Central de Líquido Cefalorraquídeo (LABCEL). Objetivo: Describir el crecimiento de este grupo entre los años 2012 al 2020en lo que se ha llamado estancias post-Quincke integrado por los 8 alumnos ayudantes de LABCEL y los 8 alumnos que no forman parte de este colectivo y que a lo largo de estos años se han incorporados como alumnos asociados. Resultados: Desde el punto de vista métrico el promedio de artículos de los alumnos ayudantes ha sido de 28,23 y de los asociados de 47,5. El índice h sin embargo de los alumnos ayudantes promedio es de 4,12 en comparación con el de los asociados de 3,75. El promedio de años que los alumnos ayudantes se han vinculado ha sido de 5 años y el de los asociados de 3,75. Ambos grupos han trabajado colectivamente para cursos y eventos tanto en Cuba como en el exterior. Conclusiones: Las estancias post-Quincke han demostrado ser una nueva posibilidad de formación, captación de talentos, aprendizaje, producción científica e intercambio de conocimientos científicos en una novedosa forma pedagógica de hacer ciencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: As a result of the Quincke Research Scholarship, are search group with young medical students and recent graduated physicians interested to continue their search eve loping in LABCEL was integrated. Objective: To describe the growth of this group from 2012to 2020 in the post Quincke stay integrated by 8 assistant students and 8 students don't belong to LABCEL but integrated as associated students. Results: From the metric point of view the mean articles made by the assistant students was 28,23 and from the associated one, 57,5. Nevertheless the mean of h index from the assistant students was 4,12 in comparison with the associated students that was 3,75. The average of years pent for the assistant students was 5 years and for the associated was 3,75. Both groups were working together in courses and congress in Cuba and abroad. Conclusions: The post Quincke stay was demonstrated to be a new possibility for formation, talent capture, learning. Scientific production and exchange of scientific knowedges in a new pedagogic way to make science.

"Comecei para aliviar a dor": algumas pistas sobre autolesão em adolescentes/jovens / "I started to relieve the pain": some clues about self-harm in adolescents/young people / "Empecé para aliviar el dolor": algunas pistas sobre autolesiones en adolescentes/jóvenes

Para analisar a presença de práticas de autolesão sem intenção suicida na trajetória de adolescentes/ jovens, foi efetuada consulta a prontuários de pessoas de 12 a 24 anos internadas de 2016 a 2018 e entrevistados jovens na mesma faixa etária que passaram por internação em 2019 ou 2020 com suporte de roteiro de entrevista de história de vida temática. Identificaram-se múltiplos termos para designar os cortes sobre a pele feitos pelos adolescentes/jovens, a relação entre ações de violência contra si e o percurso por instituições de saúde, e autolesão como forma de aliviar a dor não expressa em palavras.

To analyze the presence of self-harm practices without suicidal intent in the trajectory of adolescents / young people, medical records of people aged 12 to 24 years hospitalized from 2016 to 2018 were consulted and young people within the same age group, who underwent hospitalization in 2019 or 2020, were interviewed with the support of a thematic life story interview script. Multiple terms were identified to designate the cuts on the skin made by adolescents / young people, the relationship between actions of violence against themselves and the journey through health institutions, and self-harm as a way to relieve the pain not expressed in words.

Para analizar la presencia de prácticas de autolesión sin intención suicida en la trayectoria de adolescentes / jóvenes, se consultaron historias clínicas de personas de 12 a 24 años, hospitalizadas entre 2016 y 2018 y entrevistas a jóvenes del mismo grupo etario que fueron hospitalizados en 2019 o 2020 con apoyo de la entrevista temática de la historia de vida. Se identificaron múltiples términos para designar los cortes en la piel que realizan los adolescentes / jóvenes, la relación entre las acciones de violencia contra ellos mismos y el recorrido por las instituciones de salud, y la autolesión como una forma de aliviar el dolor no expresado con palabras.

Experiencias y percepciones sobre sexualidad, riesgo y campañas de prevención de ITS/VIH por estudiantes universitarios. Diseñando una intervención digital / Experiences and perceptions on sexuality, risk and STI/HIV prevention campaigns by university students. Designing a digital intervention

Resumen Damos cuenta de la fase cualitativa de una investigación que busca diseñar una intervención digital de prevención de ITS/VIH y promoción de salud sexual en jóvenes universitarios. A partir de grupos focales se abordó la experiencia y percepción que universitarios tienen sobre sexualidad, riesgo y campañas de prevención. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes claves. Los resultados muestran que la educación sexual es escasa, reducida a lo biológico, cargada de prejuicios y sesgos de género, limitando el manejo de información por la población estudiantil. Se evidencian estrategias vacilantes de prevención, no logrando motivar ni ofrecer oportunidades para la toma de decisiones conscientes y autónomas en salud sexual. Las campañas de ITS/VIH se evaluaron poco inclusivas, lejanas y basadas en el miedo. Las intervenciones en salud sexual han fallado en sopesar aspectos experienciales de la sexualidad juvenil, basándose en modelos de comportamiento ideal y estereotipado, desechando narrativas en primera persona y su rica complejidad. Es imperativo innovar en la prevención de ITS/VIH, formulando intervenciones basadas en un diseño integrador, multidisciplinar y situado, que valore la teoría y la experiencia de las poblaciones objetivo.

Abstract This study reports on the qualitative phase of a study that seeks to design a digital intervention for the prevention of STI / HIV and promotion of sexual health in university students. The experience and perception that university students have about sexuality, risk and prevention campaigns are addressed through focus groups. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with key informants. The results reveal that sexual education is limited and restricted to the biological aspect, as well as loaded with prejudices and gender biases, which narrows the information provided to the student population. Wavering prevention strategies that fail to motivate students or offer them opportunities for making informed and independent decisions about their sexual health are apparent. The STI / HIV campaigns assessed are distant, fear-based and not inclusive. Interventions in sexual health do not weigh experiential aspects of youth sexuality, as they are based on models of ideal and stereotyped behavior, discarding first-person narratives and their rich complexity. It is imperative to innovate in the prevention of STI/HIV, formulating interventions based on an integrative, multidisciplinary and contextualized design that values the theory and experience of the target populations.

Establishment of nomogram model for the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage in young people / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the common risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in young people and to establish a predictive model of nomogram.Methods:The relevant data of young patients with ICH (≤45 years ) hospitalized in the Department of Neurosurgery of Dezhou people's Hospital from January 2014 to August 2021 were retrospectively studied, and the young group who underwent physical examination in the Physical Examination Center of Dezhou people's Hospital at the same time were randomly selected as the control group. Analyze the risk factors that may affect cerebral hemorrhage in young people, screen the risk factors with statistical differences through single factor analysis, screen the independent risk factors according to multi factor Logistic regression analysis, construct the risk nomogram model of cerebral hemorrhage in young people, and test the efficiency, goodness of fit and benefit of the constructed model through internal validation.Results:Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in family history (χ 2=115.66, P<0.001), hypertension grade( Z=17.67, P<0.001), smoking history (χ 2=33.91, P<0.001), drinking grade ( Z=4.84, P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) ( t=11.76, P<0.001), low density lipoprotein ( t=4.78, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( t=5.83, P<0.001),blood glucose ( Z=5.68, P<0.001) and homocysteine ( Z=2.22, P<0.001) in the case group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension grade ( OR=3.457, 95%CI: 2.809-4.254, P<0.001), family history ( OR=2.871, 95%CI:1.868-4.413, P<0.001), BMI ( OR=1.093, 95%CI:1.040-1.148, P<0.001), high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR=0.230, 95%CI:0.111-0.480, P<0.001), blood glucose ( OR=3.457, 95%CI:2.809-4.254, P<0.001), homocysteine (O R=3.457, 95%CI:2.809-4.254, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults. The nomogram prediction model showed that BMI was 96 points, hypertension grade was 100 points, family history was 30 points, high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 76 points, homocysteine was 48 points, blood glucose was 52 points,homocysteine was 48 points and blood glucose was 52 points, respectively. The consistency coefficient of the prediction model was 0.874. The nomogram dependent ROC curve AUC was 0.891, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 74.5% (263/353) and 89.7% (437/487), respectively, a nomogram model was established with good diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion:The nomogram model established in this study can predict the probability of intracerebral hemorrhage in high-risk population, and take intervention measures as early as possible to prevent the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage in young people.