Ecological Suitability and Quality Zoning of Panax ginseng Cultivated Under Forest in Liaoning Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo identify potential distribution areas for wild Panax ginseng cultivated under forest in Liaoning province， China， and analyze the ecological factors of spatial stratified heterogeneity affecting its ecological suitability and quality suitability. MethodWild Panax ginseng samples cultivated under forest were collected from 33 cultivation bases in Liaoning province. The Maxent maximum entropy model and ArcGIS were used to delineate the ecological suitability zones. Correlation analysis was performed on seven indicators and 110 ecological factors. Variables with significant correlation （P<0.05） were used to build partial least squares regression analysis models. A comprehensive quality zoning was conducted using the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. The geographic detector was employed to analyze the interactions among dominant ecological factors of spatial stratified heterogeneity affecting habitat suitability， quality suitability， and the ecological driving factors. ResultVegetation type was the most influential ecological factor for delineating the ecological suitability zones for wild Panax ginseng in Liaoning province. The main ecological suitability areas for wild Panax ginseng cultivated under forest were located in the northeast， east， and southeast regions along the line from Xifeng County to Gaizhou City. The comprehensive quality suitability of wild Panax ginseng cultivated under forest was highest in Kuandian County and Huanren County and gradually decreased to the northwest and southwest. Within the delineated regions， the suitability conditions and comprehensive quality of wild Panax ginseng cultivated under forest were primarily influenced by the interactions between radiation and precipitation factors. The content of the measured samples was significantly higher than the standards in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia， indicating the high overall quality of wild Panax ginseng in Liaoning Province. ConclusionAccording to the zoning and prediction results， areas in Fengcheng City， Xiuyan County， Zhuanghe City， Liaoyang County， Tieling County， Xifeng County， Gaizhou City， Haicheng City， and Dashiqiao City showed large potential distribution areas with high quality， making them highly promising for wild Panax ginseng cultivation. However， further experimental verification is required. The zoning results can provide insights for research on habitat suitability and comprehensive quality accumulation of wild Panax ginseng cultivated under forest， as well as guidance for the search for potential cultivation areas and industrial development of wild Panax ginseng in Liaoning Province.

Influence of radiation protection on layout of fuel reprocessing plant and countermeasures / 中国辐射卫生

@#Radiation protection is an important requirement in the design of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. The design of all main process plants should consider the impact of radiation on staff and environment, while radiation protection is not required in the design of general industrial and civil buildings. This difference puts forward higher requirements for the architectural design of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. From the perspective of architectural design, this paper analyzed the differences between spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and ordinary plant, as well as the compatibility of radiation protection requirements and current architectural design specifications. We proposed corresponding countermeasures based on our engineering experience, and summarized important design principles related to radiation protection requirements, which can be used as a reference by architectural designers in designing spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.

Study on Suitability Zoning of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in Dingxi City Based on MaxEnt and ArcGIS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the ecological suitability zoning of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in Dingxi city. METHODS ：Taking 1 001 batches of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Dingxi city as the investigation samples （each natural village with A. membranaceus var. mongholicus cultivation as the collection unit ），the longitude and latitude information of them were obtained from Dingxi economic crop technology promotion station ，and 55 environmental ecological factors （including climate，terrain，soil，etc.）were obtained from the Grid Database of Spatial Information of TCM Resources . Combined with the information of longitude ，latitude and environmental ecological factors ，the maximum entropy model （MaxEnt model ） was established with 75％ samples as the training set ，and the main ecological factors were screened out ，and 25％ samples were set as the validation set for model validation. Then the suitable growing areas of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus were divided by using ArcGIS. RESULTS ：Established MaxEnt model had good prediction （the area under the working characteristic curve of subjects in training set and verification set was 0.970 and 0.968）. Eight main ecological factors ，such as altitude ，precipitation and temperature ， were selected （the total contribution rate was 98.90％）. The comprehensive analysis found that the altitude was 1 800 to 2 650 m， the average precipitation in April was 25 to 50 mm，the lowest temperature of the coldest month was －16 to －8 ℃，the wettest monthly precipitation was 95 to 110 mm，and the seasonal variation of temperature was 70 to 80，the average temperature in December was －6 to －3 ℃ ，the average precipitation in October was 30 to 50 mm，and the average precipitation in December was 0 to 10 mm，which was the suitable environmental parameter for the growth of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Dingxi city. Based the results of ArcGIS analysis ，in Dingxi city ，A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was generally suitable for growth ；in the northwest of Lintao county ，the north of Anding district ，the south of Tongwei county ，a small area in the south of Longxi county and the south of Minxian county ，the border between Weiyuan county ，Zhangxian county and Minxian county ，A membranaceus var. mongholicus was not suitable for growth. CONCLUSIONS： Ther results of established model is in E-mail：961308817@qq.com line with the actual investigation ， can provide reference for the planting regional planning of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in Dingxi city.

Coordenadas geográficas dos espaços destinados ao esporte e ao lazer no município de Porto Velho: estudo da Rede Cedes de Rondônia / Geographical coordinates of spaces of leisure in Porto Velho: study of the cedes network of Rondonia

O estudo teve o objetivo de elaborar o atlas dos espaços destinados ao esporte e ao lazer na cidade de Porto Velho, no Estado de Rondônia. A coleta dados se deu através de GPS de navegação e registros em diários de campo. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se de imagens de satélites acessíveis; e o aplicativo computacional ArcGIS. Foram localizados 42 espaços de esporte e lazer, distribuídos da seguinte forma: Zona 1: 3 espaços; Zona 2 e 5: 4 espaços respectivamente; Zona 3: 10 espaços; Zona 4: 14 espaços e Zonas NIs (Não identificadas por número pelo Banco de Dados dos Setores Censitários do IBGE de 2015); Urbana e Rural: 6 espaços e 1 espaço respectivamente. Os resultados apontam discrepâncias quantitativas na distribuição das áreas de esporte e lazer quando comparadas com o número de habitantes. Além disso, os locais situados em zonas centrais da cidade estão mais bem assistidos pelo poder público que os situados em zonas periféricas.

The objective of this study was to elaborate the atlas of spaces for sport and leisure in the city of Porto Velho, in the State of Rondônia. The data collection was given through GPS navigation and logs in field journals. For the analysis of the data, it was used of images of accessible satellites; and the ArcGIS computing application. There were 42 sports and leisure spaces, distributed as follows: Zone 1: 3 spaces; Zone 2 and 5: 4 spaces respectively; Zone 3: 10 spaces; Zone 4: 14 spaces and NIs Zones (Not identified by number by the IBGE Census Bureau Database of 2015); Urban and Rural: 6 spaces and 1 space respectively. The results point to quantitative discrepancies in the distribution of sports and leisure areas when compared to the number of inhabitants. In addition, public authorities had better serve sites located in central areas of the city than those located in peripheral areas.

Study on quality regionalization of Lycii Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Lycii Fructus is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Due to limited wild resources,Lycii Fructus is mainly derived from the cultivation of Lycium barbarum when it circulate in the market. Related studies have shown that there are some differences in the quality of Lycii Fructus from different regions. In August 2017,our research team went to the county areas of Ningxia,Gansu,Qinghai,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia,which included 13 counties and planted L. barbarum. The county areas obtained 71 batches of samples. According to the content of four chemical components of polysaccharides,protein,vitamins and naringin in 71 batches,the quality of zoning was studied by SPSS and Arc GIS. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of polysaccharides,protein,vitamins and naringin in the sampling area. Among them,the vitamin content in Inner Mongolia was relatively high. The content of polysaccharide in Xingjiang was relatively high,the protein content of Ningxia was relatively high. The content of naringin in Inner Mongolia was relatively high. The quality of Lycii Fructus from different producing areas requires a comprehensive evaluation of multiple indicators. Through the analysis of the four chemical components and the eco-environmental factors,the chemical composition with high percentage of percentage content is affected by climatic factors,and the chemical composition with low proportion is greatly affected by soil factors. The literatures such as " Chinese Flora" are mostly recorded that L. barbarum are planted in the northwest and south central areas. There is no record of artificial planting L. barbarum in the northeast region. Through this study,it is found that Liaoning and Jilin province also have a small amount of L. barbarum cultivated. The result shows that in the middle temperature zone and warm temperature zone there are also the cultivation of L. barbarum.

La zonificación del riesgo en salud: la fiebre amarilla desde una perspectiva geográfica en La Macarena, departamento del Meta, Colombia / Health risk zoning: yellow fever from a geographical perspective in La Macarena, Department of Meta, Colombia

RESUMEN En este trabajo se zonifica el riesgo de fiebre amarilla en La Macarena (departamento del Meta, Colombia), en función de amenazas ambientales y vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas. Se realizó un estudio ecológico en el que se integraron, en un sistema de información geográfica, datos publicados entre 2007 y 2013 sobre las condiciones del municipio. A través de superposición de capas cartográficas se obtuvieron magnitudes de amenaza y vulnerabilidad proporcionales al grado de severidad. Como resultado se describe la heterogeneidad espacial del riesgo de fiebre amarilla, la cual sugiere que las áreas circundantes a centros poblados, vías y ríos presentan la mayor probabilidad de transmisión. Se concluye que la representación cartográfica de la distribución espacial del riesgo en el municipio constituye un aporte metodológico a la zonificación de riesgos en salud, en espacios geográficos concretos y en función de amenazas y vulnerabilidades, lo cual facilita la toma de decisiones en salud pública.

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to zone yellow fever risk in La Macarena (department of Meta, Colombia) in terms of environmental hazards and socio-economic vulnerabilities. An ecological study was carried out, in which data published from 2007 to 2013 on conditions of the municipality were integrated into a geographic information system. Through a superposition of map layers, magnitudes of hazard and vulnerability proportional to the degree of severity were obtained. As a result the spatial heterogeneity of the risk of yellow fever was described, suggesting that the areas surrounding populated centers, roads and rivers present the highest probability of transmission. It is concluded that the cartographic representation of the spatial distribution of risk in the municipality constitutes a methodological contribution to health risk zoning - in concrete geographical areas and based on hazards and vulnerabilities - which facilitates decision-making in public health.

Quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus regionalization based on GIS technology / 中国中药杂志

This paper is aims to clarify the spatial distribution of high quality medicinal materials Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. Based on investigation and field investigation, the samples and distribution information of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus were collected. Based on the data of four kinds of lignin chemical constituents, ecological environment factors and spatial distribution data of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, using GIS technology, maximum information entropy model and SPSS statistical analysis method for regionalizing the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus. The results showed that Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was mainly distributed in the northeast of Liaoning, east of Jilin, east of Heilongjiang. The content of schisandrin was higher in the samples from northeastern part of Jilin province and the northeastern part of Liaoning province, The content of deoxyschizandrin was higher in the samples from middle of Jilin province and northeastern Hebei province, where the content of schisandrin B was higher in the samples from Jilin area, The higher schisantherin A sample were from southeast of Jilin and northeast of Liaoning. Considering the content of four components in Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, the quality of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was concentrated in the southeast of Jilin and the northeastern part of Liaoning.

Integração entre planejamento do uso do solo e de recursos hídricos: a disponibilidade hídrica como critério para a localização de empreendimentos / Coupling land-use and water resources planning: hydric availability as a locational criterion

RESUMO: Na medida em que a disponibilidade de recursos hídricos, tanto em termos de quantidade quanto em termos de qualidade e tempo de recorrência, constitui um fator cada vez mais relevante ao desenvolvimento econômico e social, existe a necessidade de se voltar a atenção do planejamento para a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos, atuando principalmente de forma preventiva sobre a gestão da demanda. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta metodológica que permite incluir a avaliação da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos, em termos qualiquantitativos, em um processo de planejamento territorial. O trabalho pretende, fundamentalmente, despertar o debate sobre a necessidade de incluir, nas etapas iniciais dos processos de tomada de decisão, uma avaliação relativa à capacidade de atendimento, por parte dos recursos hídricos, às solicitações decorrentes do desenvolvimento territorial. A utilização da metodologia apresentada mostra-se potencialmente útil durante um processo de planejamento do uso dos recursos hídricos. Uma vez agregada ao processo de planejamento da ocupação do território, estaria se oferecendo aos tomadores de decisão uma valiosa contribuição no sentido de orientá-los para uma decisão adequada e esclarecida, que considera a avaliação da capacidade de suporte do recurso hídrico como um fator primordial a ser observado durante o planejamento.

ABSTRACT: Availability of water resources is increasingly lower, considering the amount and quality. There is a need of recovering this availability, focusing on the planning process on demand's management. The present paper presents a methodological approach that allows the evaluation of water resources' availability in a context of territorial planning as a way to assess the compatibility between the development needs and environmental answers. This paper intends to promote a discussion on the need to include, in the early stages of the decision-making process, an evaluation on the supplying capacity of water resources to the demands arising from the territorial development. The approach showed a promising potential to support the planning process, including water resources planning. By doing so, planning processes are potentially benefited, once decision-makers will be able to find a more suitable decision, which recognizes that the assessment of water resources' carrying capacity plays a major role during the planning process.

Land Use and Environmental Zoning of Mixed Ombrophilous Forests for Sustainable Use (Irati National Forest, Brazil Southern Region)

ABSTRACT An environmental zoning proposal due to the demand to develop strategies to ensure biodiversity scenarios for the remaining mixed ombrophilous forests was carried out for the Irati National Forest, a legally protected area for sustainable use located in southern Brazil. To identify land use and cover, Ikonos PSM images dated from December 2004, based on the interpretation of visual character and vectorization of orbital data were used. Qualitative and quantitative classifications identified six types of land and cover use: native forest, forestry, capoeira grass, wetland, araucaria plantation, and anthropic. The native forest relative to the mixed ombrophilous forest was the prevailing type of land cover. The environmental zoning proposal defined seven zones of use, some that involved several potentially harmful activities to the biodiversity of the Irati National Forest. The environmental zone proposal, based on ecosystem conservation, outlined specific factors that enhanced ecosystem and community viability, supporting the design and evaluation of the management plan of the Irati National Forest.

Ocorrência de ondas de calor no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba e seu efeito na produção leiteira e consumo alimentar em bovinos / Occurrence of heat waves in Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba and their effect on milk yield and feed intake in cattle

Objetivou-se estimar a produção leiteira e o consumo alimentar a partir da ocorrência de ondas de calor no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, MG por meio de um zoneamento bioclimático baseado no Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU). Para tanto foi elaborado um histórico de ocorrências de ondas de calor entre os anos de 2000 a 2010. O declínio na produção de leite (DPL) e a redução do consumo alimentar (RCA) foram simulados nas cidades em que foram identificados períodos de ondas de calor. Ituiutaba e Frutal apresentaram o maior número de ocorrência de ondas de calor por ano. Os DPLs e RCAs mostraram diferenças bioclimáticas entre as cidades de Uberaba, Ituiutaba e Frutal. As cidades com melhores condições bioclimáticas foram Sacramento e Patrocínio, pois apresentaram ITU fora da classificação de emergência, ITU noturno abaixo de 76 e ausência de ondas de calor. Portanto, a ocorrência de ondas de calor pode prejudicar a ingestão de alimentos e diminuir a produção leiteira demonstrando de forma mais efetiva o efeito do estresse térmico em vacas leiteiras na mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba.

The aim of this study was to estimate milk production and food consumption during the occurrence of heat waves in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, MG by means of bioclimatic zoning based on the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI). Therefore a history of heat wave occurrence between the years 2000-2010 was compiled. The decline in milk production (DMP) and reduced food consumption (RFC) were simulated in cities where periods of heat waves were identified. Frutal and Ituiutaba had the highest rate of heat wave occurrence per year. The DMP and RFC showed bioclimatic differences between the cities of Uberaba, Ituiutaba and Frutal. The cities with the best bioclimatic conditions were Sacramento and Patrocinio, as they presented a THI classified outside of the emergency range, with a night THI of below 76 and without heat waves. Therefore, the occurrence of heat waves can impair food intake and decrease milk production, thereby most effectively demonstrating the effects of thermal stress on dairy cows in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, MG region.

Participación comunitaria para la construcción e lineamientos de uso y conservación de humedales altoandinos. experiencia piloto en el sector el ocho y páramo de letras / Communty particiipation in the construction of guidelies for the use and conservation of the high andean wetlands, a pilot experience in the ocho and páramo de letras arass

La participación comunitaria es un aspecto relevante en la toma de decisiones para la implementación de acciones relacionadas con la protección del patrimonio natural. Objetivo: En el presente trabajo el principal objetivo es la construcción participativa de los lineamientos de uso y conservación de humedales en el sector El Ocho y Páramo de Letras. Método: La metodología comprende los siguientes pasos: 1) revisión de información secundaria; 2) una zonificación ambiental participativa de los sistemas productivos mediante la técnica de mapas parlantes, con la ayuda de la herramienta de AutoCAD; y 3) análisis del potencial turístico y florístico con base en los saberes tradicionales, y utilizando entrevistas con la comunidad, potenciales turistas y charlas informales. Resultado principal: La comunidad tiene conocimiento tradicional de los beneficios que ofrecen los recursos del ecosistema, pero no tiene las herramientas para lograr un sistema productivo sostenible; la zona de estudio tiene un gran potencial turístico, debido a las ventajas de paisaje e infraestructura; el uso actual del suelo es inadecuado con respecto a la normatividad ambiental. Conclusión principal: Es necesario formular e implementar estrategias de uso y conservación de humedales altoandinos que sean adecuados a las particularidades del ecosistema bajo estudio, puesto que las estrategias existentes a nivel nacional e internacional son muy generales.

Community participation is a relevant aspect in decisions making concerning the implementation of actions related to protection of natural heritage. In the present work, the main purpose is the participative construction of the guidelines for the use and conservation of wetlands in El Ocho and Páramo de Letras. The methodology includes the following steps: 1) review of secondary information; 2) a participatory environmental zoning of the productive systems using the talking maps technique and the AutoCAD tool; and 3) floral and touristic potential analysis, on the basis of traditional knowledge, by means of interviews to the community, potential tourists and informal talks. The main result of this research indicates that the community has traditional knowledge of the benefits offered by the ecosystem resources, but they do not have the necessary tools to achieve a sustainable productive system. The study area has a great touristic potential, due to its advantages of landscape and infrastructure but the current use of the land is inadequate according to the environmental law. The main conclusion of the work is that it is necessary to formulate and implement strategies for use and conservation of High Andean Wetlands which are adequate for the ecosystem under study, as the current national and international strategies are too general.

Delimitação de sítios ambientais homogêneos no Estado do Espírito Santo, com base no relevo, solo e clima / Definition of environmental sites in Espírito Santo state based on relief, soil and climate

Este trabalho teve como objetivo definir sítios ambientais homogêneos no Estado do Espírito Santo, a fim de indicar o uso potencial do solo de todo o seu território. Técnicas estatísticas multivariadas foram empregadas sobre informações do relevo, coordenadas geográficas, dados do solo e clima. A disponibilidade hídrica e a evapotranspiração real e potencial foram determinadas a partir do resultado do balanço hídrico climatológico. Inicialmente, foi executada a análise de componentes principais (ACP) sobre os dados climáticos e, em seguida, a de agrupamento nas informações do relevo, solo, nos escores climáticos provenientes da ACP e nas coordenadas geográficas. Os dois primeiros eixos da ACP explicam cerca de 85,3 por cento da variância total acumulada. Após a rotação dos componentes principais, as melhores variáveis correlacionadas ao primeiro eixo foram a amplitude térmica, a temperatura média anual, seguida da evapotranspiração real. Foram definidos seis sítios ambientais para o Estado do Espírito Santo e alguns apresentaram similaridades ao clima. As variáveis topográficas foram os fatores de maior influência na diferenciação dos sítios. A metodologia se mostrou adequada na definição dos sítios.

The objective of this study was to define homogeneous environmental sites in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil which may possibly be used to indicate potential soil use for the entire state. Multivariate statistics techniques were employed using information of the relief and geographical coordinates, as well as soil and climatic data. Water availability and real and potential evapotranspiration were determined from the results of the climatological water balance. Initially a principal component analysis (PCA) for the climatological data was performed. Subsequently, a grouping analysis was executed on the relief, soil and climatic data provided by the PCA and geographical coordinates. The first two axes of the PCA define roughly 85.3 percent of the total accumulated variance. After rotation of the principal components, the variables that best correlated to the first axis were the thermal amplitude, average annual temperature, followed by real evapotranspiration. Six environmental sites were defined for the state of Espirito Santo, some presenting climatic similarities. The topographic variables were the factors of greatest influence on the sites differentiation. The methodology was appropriate in defining the sites.

Mapping malaria risk using environmental and anthropic variables / Mapeamento do risco de malaria utilizando variáveis ambientais e antrópicas

Apesar de muchas investigaciones en la identificación de las zonas con presencia de malaria, es urgente profundizar las técnicas de su mapeo para lograr mejores aproximaciones, para ayudar a focalizar los esfuerzos y recursos en prevención, mitigación y estrategias de erradicación del mosquito y eventualmente de la enfermedad. Usando modelación espacial distribuida con herramientas de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), el presente estudio propone una metodología para el mapeo y la zonificación del riesgo de malaria en el municipio de Buenaventura - Colombia. Se presenta una estrategia de adaptación del modelo propuesto por Craig et al.Õ (1999) que usa información climática, adaptándolo a las condiciones propias del área de estudio en cuanto a escala y resolución espacial. Se adicionaron variables geomorfológicas y antrópicas para mejorar la localización espacial de las zonas con mayor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad, refinando la zonificación, y se contrastó espacialmente con los sitios reportados por las entidades de salud². La comparación de los resultados muestra la disminución del área que se obtuvo inicialmente con la aplicación del modelo de Craig et al. Õ de 5422.4 km² (89.1 por ciento del territorio del municipio) a 624.3km² (aproximadamente 10 por ciento del área del municipio), dando una reducción total del 78.8 por ciento al incluir las variables ambientales y antrópicas en la producción del mapa de riesgo. Los datos muestran que de 9,860 casos reportados durante 2001 y 2005 para 20 localidades seleccionadas con base en la cantidad de registros de malaria², 1,132 se ubicaron en las zonas identificadas de muy alto riesgo, 7,662 se sobrepusieron en las zonas de riesgo moderado y 1,066 casos en la zona de riesgo bajo, mostrando que el 89 por ciento de ellos se ubican en las zonas modeladas con mayor riesgo de malaria.