Transferencia de ecotecnologías y su adopción social en localidades vulnerables: una metodología para valorar su viabilidad / Ecotechnological transfer and its social adoption in disadvantage regions: a methodology to assess its viability

RESUMEN Las tecnologías ecológicas (ecotecnias) han sido un instrumento para afrontar los retos multidimensionales de las viviendas que no son capaces de satisfacer una línea básica de bienestar. Sin embargo, en la revisión de la literatura, se encuentran indicios que muestran el rechazo y la generación de externalidades negativas, cuando la tecnología no se adopta socialmente, lo que exhibe la ineficiencia en el ejercicio del recurso público y acentúa la problemática social de la vivienda vulnerable. El objetivo del trabajo fue construir un Índice de Transferencia Ecotecnológica (ITE), que determine la pertinencia sociotécnica en las poblaciones objetivo de los programas sociales, mediante un algoritmo cuantitativo, diseñado a partir de los factores de adopción-resistencia, identificados en los municipios de Apaseo el Alto, Comonfort, Pénjamo, San Felipe y Tierra Blanca en Guanajuato, México. Se sistematizó la descripción densa recolectada en las viviendas beneficiadas por los programas "Impulso", de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social y Humano, de 2013 a 2015. Se encontró que los programas sociales no ejecutan un proceso de transferencia que asegure la adopción social de la tecnología, y se infirió que la viabilidad ecotecnológica está correlacionada con las características del territorio donde ocurre la transferencia. El principal logro fue identificar los factores externos e internos que inciden en la adopción social de las ecotecnias como insumos del ITE, ya que este índice se propone como un instrumento de valoración ecotecnológica. El ITE demostró la pertinencia sociotécnica en las poblaciones objetivo. Se concluye que este índice sí podría ser un insumo adicional para los tomadores de decisiones de política social en Guanajuato que, al valorar la viabilidad de las ecotecnias en regiones vulnerables, podría incrementar la efectividad de los programas y mejorar la vivienda.

ABSTRACT The ecological technologies (ecotechnologies) have been a tool to solve the multidimensional challenges of housing that are not able to satisfy a basic line of welfare; however, a literature review suggests their social rejection and the generation of negative externalities when technology is not adopted socially. This makes evident the inefficiency in the application of public resources and it provokes more social problems in disadvantaged dwelling. The aim of this paper was to build an Ecotechnological Transfer Index (ETI) that measures the sociotechnical pertinence of ecotechnology in target populations of social programs, through a quantitative algorithm designed from the adoptionresistance factors identified in the municipalities of Apaseo el Alto, Comonfort, Pénjamo, San Felipe and Tierra Blanca in Guanajuato, Mexico. The dense description collected in homes benefited by "Impulso" programs of the Secretary of Social and Human Development from 2013 to 2015 was systematized. It was found that social programs do not execute a process that ensures the social adoption of this technology, and it was inferred that the viability correlates with the characteristics of the territory where technology transfer occurs. The main achievement was the identification of external and internal factors that affect the social adoption of ecotechnologies as inputs of the ETI, as, this index is proposed to be an extra assessment tool for ecotechnologies. The ETI showed the sociotechnical pertinence in the target populations. It is concluded that this index can be an additional input for social policy makers in Guanajuato because it assesses the viability of ecotechnologies to increase the efficiency of public resources and to improve the disavantaged dwelling.

Introduction And The Current Status Of Hospital Information Systems / 대한의료정보학회지

The purpose of this research was to understand the current status of hospital information system(HIS) in Korea. Our main interests were when hospitals adopted each component of HIS and how they developed and managed the system. Structured questionnaires were applied to the department of each hospital in charge of managing information system. All hospitals, 276 in 1997, were included, and among them 93.5% responded. The HIS has been rapidly developed to include medical record management system, order communication system, laboratory information system, and picture archiving and communication system. The software for HIS was developed extramurally in more than half of all hospitals, and usually hardware was secured by buying than leasing them. Recently more hospitals has separated departments for His as independent units in hospital.